Pd/TiAl膜的制备研究

采用无电镀技术在多孔TiAl金属问化合物支撑体上制备了Pd膜.用SEM测定Pd膜的表面和断面的形貌,EDS测定从膜层到支撑层元素的组成,结果表明,支撑体表面形成了均匀致密的Pd膜,膜层的主要成分是单质Pd,所制钯膜的厚度为2～3μm.在350℃～500℃的温度范围内考察Pd膜透氢性能,当500℃,0.1 MPa时,H2的渗透系数为4.0×10-6mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1,H2/N2的分离系数为30.测得本文所制备Pd膜的活化能为10.8 kJ/mol.     

致密超薄钯膜的制备及其性能研究

根据金属Pd的自催化特性 ,采用改进的PCD法制备致密超薄钯膜 ,同时考察了氢分压和操作温度对钯膜氢渗透性能的影响以及氢渗透过程的操作稳定性。结果发现 ,对金属层厚度为 0 .3～ 0 .4μm的超薄Pd/TiO2 复合膜 ,773K时的氢渗透性为 6 .3× 10 -6mol·m-2 ·s-1·Pa-1,H2 /N2 的分离系数为 1140左右。氢渗透超薄钯膜的稳定时间为 80h左右 ,而且钯膜的氢渗透速率在 6 73～ 773K的热循环过程中保持稳定     

超薄Pd～Cu／Al2O3合金膜的透氢性能

以多孔Al2O3陶瓷管为基体,采用化学镀法分步沉积Pd和Cu金属层,再经高温合金化处理,制备组分不同的Pd-Cu合金膜,膜厚均约为4μm.研究合金膜在100~650℃范围内的透氢性能,考察温度和膜组成对透氢性能的影响.结果表明:H2在膜表面的扩散过程是H2渗透速率的主要控制步骤;温度对膜透氢性能的影响规律因膜组成而异,这可能与合金膜在不同组成、不同温度条件下所呈现的晶相结构有关.     

TiO2/PVA杂化膜的渗透蒸发性能及结构表征

通过纳米TiO2粒子填充改性制备了新型TiO2/PVA杂化膜。红外光谱表明纳米TiO2表面的羟基与聚乙烯醇(PVA)链上的羟基存在较强的氢键作用。扫描电镜显示当TiO2的质量分数低于1.5%时,在PVA中分散均匀。X射线衍射显示纳米TiO2的加入降低了膜的结晶度。通过对含水质量分数低于20%的水/乙醇体系的脱水研究了该杂化膜的渗透性能,考察了TiO2粒子填充量、料液质量分数和温度与膜分离性能之间的关系。渗透通量J随着TiO2、水质量分数和温度的升高而增加,分离因子随着温度和水质量分数的升高而下降,在TiO2质量分数为1.5%时分离因子达到最佳值。40℃下分离质量分数85%的乙醇水溶液,分离因子可达1 590,渗透通量为0.049kg/(m2.h)。     

电泳沉积法制备多层膜染料敏化太阳能电池

将纳米TiO2颗粒以电泳沉积法披覆于导电玻璃上,同时整合光电极、反电极、电解质及染料制备出染料敏化太阳能电池.首先将TiO2纳米颗粒与异丙醇所混合的电泳悬浮液通过电泳技术沉积出适当厚度的多层膜结构;精确控制制程中的电流、电压与沉积时间而获得单层厚度为3.3μm的TiO2薄膜.此多层膜通过低温烧结增加其致密性及染料披覆效果.最后将此多层薄膜作为工作电极,封装成染料敏化太阳能电池,经由I-V曲线检测结果显示,所制染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为5.29%,且这种染料敏化太阳能电池的制造成本十分低廉.     

自组装膜引导合成二氧化钛薄膜

采用巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的分子自组装膜层对基材表面进行修饰,利用低温下氟钛酸铵的配位交换反应,制备出与基底结合紧密的二氧化钛晶态薄膜.磺酸基修饰的基材能够对TiO2膜的沉积产生明显的诱导作用,当(NH4)2TiF6与HBO3的摩尔比为0.05:0.10时,薄膜晶型主要为金红石型;比例增大为0.05:0.15时,薄膜晶型主要为锐钛矿型.沉积的TiO2晶态薄膜具有良好的透光性.     

改性PVDF膜在MBR中膜污染的研究

将聚偏氟乙烯膜磺化6 h,在TiO2胶体溶液中浸泡20 min,制得的TiO2改性膜纯水通量约为1 800L/m2·h,高出未改性膜250L/m2·h.通过膜生物反应器中膜阻力的测定,分析膜污染形成的原因,表明膜污染主要是浓差极化层及凝胶层引起的;通过活性污泥对膜污染机理的研究,判断出污泥的过滤过程严格符合沉积过滤定律.在膜生物反应器(MBR)中运行时,TiO2改性膜稳定通量高于未改性膜,总阻力低于未改性膜;通过扫描电镜分析,TiO2改性膜沉积层的厚度比未改性膜薄,表明TiO2改性膜的抗污染性能优于未改性膜.     

Pd(OH)_2胶体预处理及化学镀法修补复合Pd膜

提出了一种有效的膜缺陷修补方法,即预先采用Pd(OH)2胶体浸渍有缺陷的Pd膜,还原后再化学镀金属Pd。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和金相显微镜对膜的表面和断面进行表征,并结合透氢性能测试对膜的修补效果进行了评价。研究结果表明:预处理后所形成的Pd金属微粒可富集在膜缺陷处且对后续的化学镀反应有良好的催化作用,从而促进了金属Pd在缺陷处的沉积,使膜缺陷得到有效修补。文中修补工艺可在几乎不损失氢通量的前提下大大提高Pd膜的选择性。     

掺铈纳米TiO_2薄膜的光催化灭菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有较高催化灭菌活性的掺铈纳米TiO2薄膜,并用XRD、HRTEM等手段进行了表征,研究其膜的结构和特性。试验表明:铈的掺杂能有效提高纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化灭菌能力,在热处理温度为550℃,掺铈质量分数(m(Ce)/m(TiO2))为3%条件下,其杀灭大肠杆菌率为96.3%。     

利用超亲水材料进行构筑物温度调节的应用研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在玻璃基板上制备了TiO2-PDMS复合薄膜,对其亲水性能进行了考察.在自制的构筑物模型表面制备TiO2-PDMS复合薄膜,在室外环境下,通过散水在构筑物表面形成极薄的水膜层,利用水膜的快速蒸发进行构筑物的温度调节.结果表明：在有散水的条件下,构筑物表面可长期保持超亲水状态,涂膜与未涂膜的构筑物相比,其内部温度平均低7℃左右,实现了构筑物内部温度的有效调节.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。