Ladle brick from semiacid clays

Conclusions The main feature of the technology developed for the production of high-density ladle brick which expands in service, made from semiacid clay from Chasov Yar and Druzhkov sources, is the regular firing cycle for the chamotte and the finished products, namely completion of firing in the temperature range in which we can guarantee sintering of the material, but in which bloating has not yet begun.The life of the ladle brick in service made from semiacid clays is greater than that of high-chamotte ladle brick owing to the high density of the structural joints, governing the expansion of the working layer of the brick coming into contact with metal and slag.Mass production of semiacid ladle brick using the technology developed by VIO should be organized in refractory plants of the UkrSSR.Deceased.Translated from Ogneupory, No.2, pp.14–17, February, 1967.     

Dehydration,rehydration, and drying sensitivity of Troshkov clays

Conclusions Kaolinite clays and kaolins adsorb small quantities of moisture and loss it almost completely at 100°C. Bentonites adsorb twice as much water and give it off over a, longer period. Dehydration of Troshkov kaolinite clay (dry variety) is the same as in Latnensk and Novoshveitsarsk clays. Dehydration of Troshkov kaolinite-montmorillonite clay (semidry and brittle varieties) is close to the dehydration of bentonites.Removing the adsorbed moisture from the montmorillonite is the main cause of the proneness of some varieties of Troshkov clays (brittle and semidry) to cracking.Preliminary processing at 300–400°C of Troshkov clays containing montmorillonite produces partial dehydration, lowers rehydration, and reduces their drying sensitivity.Translated from Ogneupory, No.1, pp, 23–29, January, 1970.     

Chamotte and semiacid ladle brick from Barzassk clays

Conclusions The Barzassk (basic O1 and O2, and semiacid PK1) clays are suitable for making chamotte and semiacid ladle brick. The production of refractories from these clays can be organized using the technological production scheme for chamotte articles made by semidry pressing. In order to increase the strength of the green products made from semiacid clays it is necessary to reprocess the bodies with an addition of sulfite lye on runner mixers with rollers.The resistance of the experimental chamotte and semiacid brick in a 300-ton ladle was practically the same as that of ladle brick made from Buskul'sk clay produced by the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 1–5, May, 1969.     

Ladle bricks from clays of the Kirovograd and Polozhsk regions

Conclusions Use of the experimental brick made by the Chasov-Yar Combine makes it possible to increase the life of the lining of 230-ton steel casting ladles at the Kirov factory by about 1.5 melts.In addition the irregular erosion of the test brick without the formation of funnel-like hollows permits rapid removal of scale from the ladle.Manufacture of ladle brick from the new batch does not require great changes in the technology nor extra equipment.     

Ural clays for building brick production

The chemical-mineral composition and technological properties of two varieties of low-melting clays used in production of building brick are investigated. It is found that based on the blend of these types of clay and using metallurgical slag as an additive, it is possible to obtain a ceramic mixture with minimum drying sensitivity and mechanical strength after firing at a temperature of 950°C at least equal to 12.5 MPa. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 25 – 27, May, 1998.     

Semiacid clays for making ladle brick

Conclusions The close relationship between the mineral composition, primary and secondary structures of clays, and their properties was confirmed.From semiacid clays we obtained ladle brick whose resistance in service is as good as that of high-grog brick made by the Borovich Refractories Combine.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 22–26, April, 1967.     

Experience in pressing standard brick from clays and kaolins in thermoplastic state

Conclusions The pressing of argillaceous raw material reduced to a thermoplastic state by heating produces ultradense refractory of high quality.Standard brick made of 50% Vladimirovka kaolin, 3-1 mm, and 50% Chasov-Yar clay finer than 0.5 mm, pressed to 100 kg/cm² and at about 1380°, containing 40% Al₂O₃, shows a high degree of slag resistance and spalling resistance, and has an apparent porosity of 3% bulk density 2.52 g/cm³.     

Production technology for ladle brick using semiacid clays

Conclusions A technology was developed for making ladle brick from Ch1PK semiacid clays mined in the Chasov Yar area.The biggest difference between semiacid ladle brick and firebrick is the after-expansion at service temperatures of 1500–1600° C which reaches about 3% and which densifies the structure of the ladle.The life of semiacid brick in 250-ton steel ladles on average is 11% higher than ordinary ladle brick.The production of ladle brick from semiacid raw materials is economic. The lower cost of the product is a result of using cheaper raw materials and firing the clay into chamotte and products at lower temperatures.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 3–7, May 1967.