任意负载有损传输线时域响应的精细积分法

精细积分法能够有效地对有损传输线时域响应进行分析。通过对精细积分法进行改进 ,使其不仅能够在时域内很容易地处理具有电抗性质的负载 ,还可容易地处理如短路、开路这类传统FFT法难以解决的特殊的传输线时域响应问题 ,极大地提高了精细积分法分析传输线时域响应的功效     

基于精细积分法的耦合传输线瞬态分析

在耦合传输线的瞬态分析中提出了一种基于精细积分法的龙格-库塔迭代法。这是一种时域内的数值解法，该方法在对电报方程进行空间离散而获得对时间的一阶微分方程之后，没有采用精细计算法，而是采用了龙格-库塔迭代法。避免了大量的矩阵运算，提高了传输线瞬态响应分析的效率。     

Closed-form Analysis of Lossy Cosine-Squared Tapered Nonuniform Transmission Lines

The rigorous analytical solutions and the ABCD matrix of the lossy Cosine-Squared tapered nonuniform transmission lines (CSTNTL) are presented in this paper. According to different boundary conditions, the unique solution is obtained mathematically. Through the numerical calculations based on analytical solutions, the distributed voltages and currents in different terminated cases are shown to explain the transmission characteristics of CSTNTL. Especially in the lossy case the distributed power values are simulated to show the attenuation phenomenon.     

Equivalent Representations of Lossy Nonuniform Transmission Lines

Equivalent transformations, which were recently derived for mixed lumped and distributed circuits, may be extended to circuits consisting of lumped reactance, resistors, and Iossy transmission lines. It is shown that circuits consisting of a cascade connection of lumped element sections and Iossy uniform transmission lines are equivalent to circuits consisting of a cascade connection of lossy nonuniform transmission lines, lumped elements, and ideal transformers. Furthermore, by considering the limiting case of these transformations, equivalent transformations for circuits consisting of a cascade connection of lumped reactance, resistors, and nonuniform transmission lines are obtained. Exact equivalent circuits of Iossy even-order binomial form transmission lines are derived from these equivalent transformations.     

非均匀有耗传输线ABCD参量的求解

传输线理论是射频与微波电路的重要基础理论,而其中ABCD参量特别适用于分析级联网络的传输性能.本文针对非均匀有耗传输线的ABCD参量求解问题,建立传输线的数学模型,给出了三种解法,即级联法、微分方程法和积分方程法,并对三种方法的准确性和效率进行了讨论.     

A Dyadic Green's Function Based Method for the Transient Analysis of Lossy and Dispersive Multiconductor Transmission Lines

This paper describes a new algorithm for the analysis of multiconductor transmission lines characterized by frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters. The proposed model is based on studying telegrapher's equations as a Sturm-Liouville problem. The open-end impedance matrix is expressed in a series form as an infinite sum of matrices of rational functions, derived from the series form of the dyadic Green's function. The rational form of the open-end impedance matrix allows an easy identification of poles and residues and, thus, the development of a reduced-order system of the interconnect. The pole-residue representation can be synthesized in an equivalent circuit or converted into a state-space model, which can be easily embedded into conventional nonlinear circuit SPICE-like solvers. The numerical results confirm the validity of the proposed modeling technique.     

用基于龙格-库塔迭代的NILT进行非均匀传输线的瞬态分析

通过龙格-库塔(Runge-Kutta)方法迭代求出非均匀传输线的广义ABCD矩阵，再解常微分方程求得整个系统的拉氏城响应，最后利用数字拉氏逆变换(NILT)获得电路的时域响应，从而使得传统的NILT法得以分析非均匀传输线，实例表明其具有较高的效率和精度。     

Time-Domain Analysis of a Lossy Nonuniform Transmission Line

An analytical solution of the coupled Telegrapher's equations for the voltage and current on a homogeneous lossy transmission line is presented. The resulting expression is obtained in the form of an exact time-domain propagator operating on the line voltage and current. It is shown that an application of Simpson's rule yields a simple accurate numerical representation of the propagator that can be used to analyze both homogeneous and inhomogeneous transmission lines. Numerical dispersion in lossy media is examined proving that this method has no numerical dispersion.      

基于FDTD的不等长有损耗传输线的瞬态分析

本文在考虑传输线损耗的情况下,对时域有限差分(FDTD)法应用于不等长有损耗传输线的情况进行了研究。首先,在考虑传输线损耗的情况下给出了传输线上各点电压和电流的迭代计算公式;其次,利用该公式对不等长有损耗传输线模型进行数值计算和理论分析;最后,通过仿真实验,其结果表明了所提计算方法是正确和有效的。该方法对不等长有损耗传输线的研究提供了理论计算参考。     

Analysis of Hermite Lossy Nonuniform Transmission Lines Based on Hermite Function and Confluent Hypergeometric Function

The rigorous analytical solutions of the lossy Hermite nonuniform transmission lines (HNTL) are presented in this paper. These solutions are based on two special functions, namely, Hermite function and confluent hypergeometric function. The ABCD matrix of HNTL is given to obtain the corresponding frequency characteristic of the HNTL transformer. Through numerical simulations in different terminated cases, it is found that the lossless HNTL can be matched by resistance loads. This conclusion is different from the lossless one presented by D.torrungrueng. etc. In addition, the distributed power values of HNTL in the lossy case are calculated to show the attenuation character.     

传输线瞬态响应的一种时域分析方法

提出一种传输线瞬态响应的时域分析方法。该方法对电报方程在时域内差分离散,在建立对空间的一阶微分方程组后,采用精细积分法,可获得传输线瞬态响应。这是一种时域内的半解析数值计算方法,具有方法简单、计算精度高等优点,能够有效地分析具有非线性负载的有损耦合传输线瞬态响应问题,也可以用于输电线路的瞬态分析及故障测距。     

Coupled-Mode Analysis of Nonuniform Coupled Transmission Lines

The transmission-line equations describing propagation along coupled transmission lines are cast in coupled-mode form so that the roles of the different coupling coefficients and the impedance variation are more directly observable. Restrictions on the various parameters for obtaining directional coupling with nonuniform lines are then discussed and exact solutions for the coupling response of two nonuniform coupled lines with particular variations of the coupling coefficients are presented. The results obtained from the exact closed-form solutions should aid in the design of tapered couplers.     

非均匀传输线ABCD参数的微分方程解法

随着集成电路工艺进入到深亚微米阶段,传输线特性分析对于集成电路设计和优化具有重要意义。针对非均匀传输线的ABCD参数,建立传输线数学模型,通过传输线电报方程推导出ABCD参数满足的微分方程组,并采用龙格-库塔法进行求解得到ABCD参数,最后通过数值算例验证了方法的有效性。     

A Variational Integral for Propagation Constant of Lossy Transmission Lines

By assuming that the current on a lossy transmission line flows in the axial direction, only a variational integral for the propagation constant can be readily obtained. This variational integral shows that the usual power loss method of evaluating the attenuation constant is valid for general transmission lines. This variational integral also shows that the perturbation of the loss-free phase constant is due to the increase in magnetic field energy caused by penetration of the field into the conductors.     

Surface Interaction Matrices for Boundary Integral Analysis of Lossy Transmission Lines

A method intended to characterize enclosed computational electromagnetic domains in terms of interaction and response of a defined set of surface excitations is described. The finite-element method is used to compute a matrix relating surface current and tangential field in terms of an appropriate basis set such that a coupled solution with a boundary integral formulation is rendered seamless. The proposed method allows for a decoupled finite-element boundary-integral system through use of a discrete-frequency surface interaction matrix, computed in an alternative way, that is still independent of the properties of the background in which the enclosed region resides. The method is applied to per-unit-length resistance and inductance extraction of a variety of multiconductor lossy transmission lines. The primary advantage the proposed method presents for this particular application is reuse of matrices given recurrence of specific conductor cross sections.      

有损均匀传输线的PSpice仿真分析

有损均匀传输线的电压、电流既是时间的函数,也是距离的函数,需要用分布参数电路模型分析.有损均匀传输线方程是偏微分方程,正弦稳态解的手算求解比较复杂.应用PSpice对有损均匀传输线进行仿真分析,可得到传输线上任一点的电压、电流的频率特性和正弦稳态波形.本文介绍了有损均匀传输线的PSpice模型和参数,通过实例说明了其应用方法,通过对比可知仿真分析比手算求解更清晰地阐明了物理概念.     

Transient Response of Multiconductor Transmission Lines Excited by a Nonuniform Electromagnetic Field

The time-domain transmission-line equations for uniform multiconductor transmission lines in a conductive, homogeneous medium excited by a transient, nonuniform electromagnetic (EM) field, are derived from Maxwell's equations. Depending on how the line voltage is defined, two formulations are possible. One of these formulations is considerably more convenient to apply than the other. The assumptions made in the derivation of the transmission-line equations and the boundary conditions at the terminations are discussed. For numerical calculations, the transmission -line equations are represented by finite-difference techniques, and numerical examples are included.     

用波形迭代法分析非均匀多导体传输线的时域响应

本文从频域电报方程出发推出了一个描述传输线ABCD矩阵的微分方程,将传输线时域响应分析从微分方程的边值问题转化为数学上更易求解的初值问题。然后利用波形迭代法数值求解非均匀传输线的ABCD矩阵,证明了一个关于迭代收敛性的定理,并据此采取了旨在加快收敛速度的将传输线分割成许多相互级联的子网络的步骤。传输线的ABCD矩阵求得后,便可借用付里叶变换和卷积技术对具有线性、非线性负载的传输线时域响应进行分析。给出的应用实例表明,诙分析方法是有效而可靠的。     

精细计算多导体耦合传输线时域响应

本文在多导体耦合传输线时域响应的分析中，引入一种精细计算法，该方法是一种半解析的计算法，它不同用于传统的基于ＦＦＴ的频－时域转换的分析法，而是直接在时域内分析，并且不需要对耦合的电报方程进行解耦，具有快速，简便，准确等优点。     

Analysis of Lossy Transmission Lines with Arbitrary Nonlinear Terminal Networks

A novel method for transient analysis of Iossy transmission lines with arbitrary nonlinear terminal networks is presented. The uniqueness of this approach is that we develop time-domain Green's functions for the multiport transmission-line systems by terminating the ports in quasi-matched loads. This ensures Green's functions of a short duration. Hence, the amount of frequency-domain data necessary to obtain time-domain Green's functions is modest. These Green's functions are then convolved with the line port voltages. With this technique one can analyze responses of multiconductor transmission lines with arbitrary nonlinear loads (even with memory) as we have at any instant of time Thévenin's equivalent of the linear portion of the system. An example is presented to illustrate the application of this technique to multiconductor nonlinearly loaded transmission lines.