燃料乙醇的生产进展和应用探讨

介绍了乙醇的生产技术研究现状、燃料乙醇的生产新工艺和发展现状;对比分析了国内外燃料乙醇标准;讨论了我国应用燃料乙醇生产乙醇汽油的补贴计算方法及开发乙醇柴油的前景,提出以体积为计价单位、扩大原料来源、搞好综合利用、降低生产成本的建议.     

我国燃料乙醇生产技术现状与发展前景分析

资源和能源是人类社会生存和发展的永恒需求,当前用以支撑全球经济发展的石油资源及能源供应正面临严峻挑战。燃料乙醇作为新的可再生的燃料替代品,可直接用作液体燃料或者同汽油混合使用,减少对不可再生能源——石油的依赖,保障本国的能源安全而日益受到各国的重视。作者介绍了国内外燃料乙醇生产技术概况与研究发展现状,分析了我国发展非粮燃料乙醇的必要性及存在的技术关键和发展前景。指出从长远来看,生产纤维质原料燃料乙醇是燃料乙醇发展的根本出路。     

中国第1.5代生物燃料乙醇产业发展现状及展望

介绍了我国以非粮作物木薯和甜高粱为原料生产燃料乙醇的生产技术及产业发展现状,分析了当前产业发展存在的问题,指出加强在原料种收储方面的研究以及种植基地建设,实现原料的大规模廉价稳定供应,同时做好全产业链优化设计,提高项目整体经济性,这将有助于我国1.5代生物燃料乙醇产业发展,满足生物燃料的市场需求和国家既定目标。     

燃料乙醇的生产进展和应用探讨

介绍了乙醇的生产技术研究现状、燃料乙醇的生产新工艺和发展现状：对比分析了国内外燃料乙醇标准：讨论了我国应用燃料乙醇生产乙醇汽油的补贴计算方法及开发乙醇柴油的前景，提出以体积为计价单位、扩大原料来源，搞好综合利用、降低生产成本的建议。     

燃料乙醇的发展现状及展望

介绍了我国目前燃料乙醇生产工艺技术水平、研究现状以及生产原料的来源。对比国内外燃料乙醇的应用和发展现状,并对我国燃料乙醇的未来发展方向进行讨论,为燃料乙醇提供更加广阔的应用空间。     

燃料乙醇和车用乙醇汽油的发展动态研究

介绍了燃料乙醇和车用乙醇汽油的发展与应用。对国内外相关研究报道进行分析,总结出当前乙醇燃料推广使用存在的问题及应对策略。在此基础上,通过与巴西、美国乙醇燃料的发展情况进行对比,指出我国目前存在的差距及发展方向。     

国内外燃料乙醇生产和应用情况分析

介绍国内外燃料乙醇的生产和应用情况。美国和巴西的燃料乙醇产量占世界总产量69%,其中美国约占33%,2006年美国的使用量为1514万t;巴西约占36%,巴西的产量为1265万t。同时,还简介了欧盟、加拿大、日本、印度和泰国的燃料乙醇的应用情况。2006年我国燃料乙醇的使用量约110万t,截至2006年底,我国燃料乙醇的总产能达163万t/a。按不同的原料介绍了我国燃料乙醇的生产工艺,即玉米、木薯、糖蜜、甜高粱和秸秆等。最后对我国燃料乙醇的发展提出了几点建议。     

世界生物燃料乙醇发展现状及预测

介绍了世界上主要国家燃料乙醇产业的发展现状,重点介绍了美国燃料乙醇的生产、应用、相关环保法规、补贴政策等.根据各国的生物质能产业规划情况进行了趋势分析,分析认为先进生物燃料将成为下一步各国生物质能产业发展的重点.并对2030年前全球燃料乙醇产能需求做出预测.     

投产鉴定

铜陵有色金泰精细化工厂二期工程开工国家推广应用车用乙醇汽油试点项目之一──20万吨变性燃料乙醇项目，最近在南阳天冠 集团公司正式投产。该项目总投资7890万元，于去年8月开始，依托老厂改造建成了乙醇脱水变性生产装置， 属自主开发、国内首创，填补了国内大规模生产变性燃料乙醇装置的空白。今年3月8日开始投料试车，生产出的第一批燃料乙醇产品，经过检测表明,各项指标全部 达到国家质量技术监督局主持制定的我国变性乙醇标准报批稿的指标要求。同时，他们还在 燃料乙醇混配和使用上作了大量基础性实验，与中石化洛阳石化公司合作，…     

非粮燃料乙醇发展综述

本文分析了中国发展非粮燃料乙醇的原因及必要性,介绍燃料乙醇生产技术分类,国内外燃料乙醇生产研究发展概况,指出从长远来看,生产纤维质原料燃料乙醇是解决非粮燃料乙醇发展的根本出路.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。