实时荧光PCR方法检测副溶血性弧菌的研究

建立了一种快速检测副溶血性弧菌（vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP）的荧光PCR（Real time polymerase chain re-action）方法。首先,从GenBank中获得副溶血性弧菌种特异性基因不耐热溶血毒素基因tl和直接耐热溶血素毒素基因tdh,用Primer Express2.0设计引物和Taqman荧光探针,在Roche荧光PCR上进行荧光PCR扩增,荧光曲线表明该荧光PCR可特异性地检测副溶血性弧菌,而大肠杆菌等其他14种细菌和空白对照都是阴性;检测方法灵敏度达10cfu/reaction。本研究建立的荧光PCR检测副溶血性弧菌的方法快速、特异性强,灵敏度高,稳定性好,可检测出总的和带tdh毒力基因的副溶血性弧菌,适合于大批量样品的检验,可广泛用于出入境检疫和动物防疫监督部门的疫情监测。     

Western 斑点印迹法技术检测致病性副溶血弧菌

目的：对副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)的直接耐热溶血毒素(thermostable direct hemolysin,TDH)进行分离纯化,建立Western 斑点印迹法技术检测致病性副溶血弧菌的方法。方法：用直接耐热溶血毒素免疫小鼠得到特异性抗血清,利用棋盘方法确定免疫血清最佳工作浓度,并对致病性与非致病性副溶血弧菌分别进行特异性测定。结果：最佳免疫血清最佳工作浓度为1:3200;检测致病性副溶血弧菌为阳性,非致病性副溶血弧菌属呈阴性。结论：Western 斑点印迹法技术可以特异性检测致病性副溶血弧菌,灵敏度高、操作简单,可用肉眼判定结果。     

基于弧菌毒力基因多重PCR法的建立及其在副溶血弧菌毒力基因检测中的应用

针对副溶血弧菌常见的11种毒力基因(tox R、Collagenase、tox S、trh、tdh、tlh、Ure R、Fla A、omp W、Asp A、fur),建立了两套六重PCR检测体系,应用于副溶血弧菌环境分离株和水产品分离株的毒力基因分布情况调查。在调查的248株副溶血弧菌中,鞭毛丝蛋白基因Fla A、外膜蛋白基因omp W和铁吸收调节蛋白基因fur的分布最广(100%),其次为碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶基因Asp A(99.60%),胶原蛋白酶基因Collagenase、不耐热性溶血毒素基因tlh以及毒力调控基因tox R和tox S的分布率均在90%以上且tox R和tox S的分布极为相似,尿素酶基因Ure R的分布极少(1.21%),而耐热直接溶血素基因tdh和耐热相关溶血素基因trh在这248株副溶血弧菌中没有检出。本研究建立的多重PCR检测体系能快速、高效地检测多个毒力基因的分布情况,为副溶血弧菌的毒力机制研究和风险评估提供方法和依据。     

水产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染、毒力基因及耐药性研究

采集上海市各大农贸市场3类水产品共273份,分离出副溶血性弧菌105株,平均检出率为38.46%,其中甲壳类、贝类、鱼类检出率分别为50.96%、27.12%、15.79%,三者间有极显著差异(P＜0.01)。多重PCR检测分离菌株发现所有分离菌株没有耐热直接溶血毒素和相对耐热直接溶血毒素基因,仅有不耐热溶血毒素基因。K-B氏药敏纸片法检测了105株分离菌株对10种抗生素的耐药性,发现所有菌株对头孢曲松、萘啶酸和诺氟沙星敏感,部分菌株对氨苄西林(69.50%)和阿莫西林(12.38%)等具有较强的耐药性。另外采用碱裂解法提取所有分离菌株的质粒,发现只有7株菌株含有1～3个质粒,大小范围在1～24kb之间,且菌株耐药性与其所携带的质粒的数量和大小并无直接联系。表明分离菌株的耐药性主要是由于细菌染色体相关基因突变造成的。     

副溶血性弧菌ERIC-PCR分型及毒力基因检测研究

目的:建立副溶血性弧菌ERIC-PCR分子分型技术,分析副溶血性弧菌标准菌株及分离株基因组DNA ERIC-PCR指纹图谱,并对副溶血性弧菌毒力基因进行检测,以了解不同来源副溶血性弧菌毒力基因携带情况.方法:提取副溶血性弧菌基因组DNA,以肠杆菌基因间共有重复序列(ERIC)为引物进行PCR扩增,PCR产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后用凝胶成像分析仪对图谱进行观察分析,并以相似性系数构建聚类图;通过PCR方法对直接耐热溶血素(TDH)和耐热直接相关溶血素(TRH)进行检测.结果:26株副溶血性弧菌均可扩增产生可重复的DNA指纹图谱,ERIC-PCR可将26株菌分为12个型,分辨力指数为0.926;只在临床分离株中检测到TDH基因,而除一株标准菌株外,所有菌株都未检测到TRH基因.结论:研究显示ERIC-PCR可从分子水平对副溶血性弧菌基因组DNA进行快速指纹图谱分析,同时结合毒力基因检测,能够为副溶血性弧菌食物中毒疾病的预防和流行病学调查提供科学依据.     

半定量RT-PCR检测副溶血弧菌tlh基因的表达差异

副溶血弧菌是广泛存在于近海区域、盐湖和海产品中的食源性致病菌,会引起大规模的食物中毒。TLH是副溶血弧菌最主要的毒力因子之一,通过比较tlh的表达量可以间接比较同种菌株在不同应激条件下以及不同菌株之间的毒力差异。本文以在不同条件下培养的三株Vp为材料,分别提取其总RNA,以16SrRNA为内标基因,运用半定量反转录—多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测副溶血弧菌不耐热溶血毒素(tlh)基因在不同应激条件下的表达差异。结果表明,在5%的盐度下,三株Vp的tlh基因的表达量都高于其他盐浓度;25℃下,tlh的表达量高于在其他温度条件下;在三株Vp中,ATCC33846中tlhmRNA的表达量最低,ATCC33847中的表达量最高。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特氏菌和副溶血性弧菌的MPCR法检测

为快速检测食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、单增李斯特氏菌(LM)和副溶血性弧菌(VP),根据各菌的相关基因设计引物,分别扩增金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶基因-nuc、单增李斯特氏菌溶血素O上的hlyA基因和副溶血性弧菌的热稳定直接溶血素基因-tdh,建立一种MPCR快速检测食品中致病菌的方法,结果表明,三条特异性扩增片段分别为279bp、 243bp和202bp,经DNA测序证明其序列与模板被扩增片段一致.该方法具有良好的灵敏性和特异性.     

两起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒血清学溯源结果分析

目的 对两起副溶血性弧菌(VP)引起的食物中毒进行血清学溯源,分析可疑食品和病人样品中菌株血清型之间的关系.方法 依据GB/T4789.7-2008方法,对检出的VP做血清分型、溶血素试验;PCR扩增VP直接耐热溶血素基因(tdh)、tdh相关溶血素基因(trh)和毒素调控基因(toxR).结果 通过增加样品中可疑菌落数量的鉴定,两起食物中毒共检出9种VP血清型,主要有O3∶K6型13株,O2∶K28型6株,O1∶K56型2株,其它各1株;两起食物中毒中分离的27株VP有17株tdh基因检测阳性,与溶血试验结果一致.结论 增加可疑菌落数鉴定,有助于VP食物中毒的溯源;虽然O3∶ K6血清型是引起食物中毒的主要病原菌,但不同样品来源的VP血清型呈现多样性;副溶血性弧菌tdh基因检测等同于溶血试验来鉴定VP致病性.     

副溶血弧菌TDH的原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备

为实现副溶血性弧菌tdh基因的原核表达,采用TCBS选择培养基从贝类中筛选副溶血性弧菌疑似菌株;根据Gen Bank上已有的tdh基因序列,设计并人工合成引物,通过PCR技术鉴定副溶血性弧菌并扩增tdh基因;酶切后定向插入到p ET-28a表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒p ET-28a-tdh,转入E.coli Rosetta中,在IPTG诱导下进行TDH蛋白表达。为制备耐热直接溶血毒素TDH单克隆抗体,用纯化的蛋白作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,成功用原核载体表达的TDH蛋白为免疫原,制得一株能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,命名为T9N10。获取腹水并经Ni-NTA Resin亲和柱纯化,其稳定分泌的单克隆抗体经鉴定为Ig G1,相对分子质量约为146 000,并表现出较强的特异性。本研究为开发副溶血弧菌免疫学快速检测和深入的研究奠定良好的物质基础。     

副溶血弧菌临床分离株的血清分型及毒力基因分析

副溶血弧菌是一种以鱼类、贝类等海产品为主要传播载体的嗜盐性食源性致病菌。近年来,由该菌引起的食物中毒病例呈明显上升趋势。本文采用11种O抗体和8种K抗体,针对来自舟山、宁波、上海浦东和金山的58株副溶血弧菌食物中毒临床分离株(2006-2009年)进行血清型及毒力基因分析。菌株血清分型结果表明:上述4地致病性副溶血弧菌以O3群和K6型为主,共分为22个血清型。其中主要流行株为O3:K6型,占67.72%(107/158);其次为O1:K6,O3:K68,O1:K25,O1:K56,O2:K3等。菌株的来源地分析结果表明:上海金山临床分离株的血清型最复杂,表现出明显的多样性;舟山血清型较单一。利用PCR方法对上述158株副溶血弧菌的主要毒力因子——耐热溶血素基因(tdh)和耐热相关溶血素基因(trh)进行检测,结果发现,其阳性率分别为96.84%(153/158)和3.80%(6/158)。其中(tdh+/trh+)6株,(tdh+/trh-)147株和(tdh-/trh-)5株。结论:杭州湾4地致病性副溶血弧菌流行菌株血清型为O3:K6,且不同地区血清型差异较大;除极少数菌株外,绝大部分菌株都携带tdh或者trh。     

Density of total and pathogenic (tdh+) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Atlantic and Gulf coast molluscan shellfish at harvest

The densities of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 671 samples of molluscan shellfish harvested in 1999 and 2000 from 14 sites in seven Gulf and Atlantic coast states were determined at 2-week intervals over a period of 12 to 16 months in each state. Changes in V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish between harvest and sample analysis were minimized with time and temperature controls. Densities were measured by direct plating techniques, and gene probes were used for identification. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms were identified with probes for the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) gene and the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene, respectively. An enrichment procedure involving 25 g of shellfish was also used for the recovery of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The densities of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish from all harvest sites were positively correlated with water temperature. Shellfish from the Gulf Coast typically had higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus than did shellfish harvested from the North Atlantic or mid-Atlantic coast. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts exceeded 1,000 CFU/g for only 5% of all samples. Pathogenic (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus was detected in approximately 6% of all samples by both procedures, and 61.5% of populations in the positive samples from the direct plating procedure were at the lower limit of detection (10 CFU/g). The frequency of detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was significantly related to water temperature and to the density of total V. parahaemolyticus. The failure to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish more frequently was attributed to the low numbers and uneven distribution of the organism.     

Evaluation of nonisotopic DNA hybridization methods for detection of the tdh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with pathogenicity of the organism and is encoded by the tdh gene. The timely resolution of seafood-associated outbreaks requires rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The specificity of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probes was evaluated against 61 strains of V. parahaemolyticus (including isolates from recent outbreaks involving oysters from the Pacific Northwest, Texas, and New York), 85 strains of other vibrios, and 7 strains of non-vibrio species from clinical and environmental sources. The probes were specific for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tdh gene.     

Seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay oysters and waters

The objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay oysters and waters, and to determine the degree of association between V. parahaemolyticus densities and selected environmental parameters. Oyster and water samples were collected monthly from three sites in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland from November 2004 through October 2005. During collection of samples, water temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll a, and fecal coliform levels in oysters were also determined. V. parahaemolyticus levels were enumerated by a quantitative direct-plating method followed by DNA colony hybridization; presence/absence was further determined by overnight broth enrichment followed by either standard colony isolation or real-time PCR. The thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene were targeted for detection of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, for both direct plating and enrichment. The thermostable related hemolysin (trh) gene, which is a presumptive pathogenicity marker, was targeted only for the enrichment approach. By direct plating, colonies producing tlh signals were detected in 79% of oyster samples at densities ranging from 1.5x10(1) to 6.0x10(2) CFU/g. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (tdh+) was detected in 3% (level was 10 CFU/g) of oyster samples while no V. parahaemolyticus was detected in water samples. By the enrichment approach with standard colony isolation, 67% of oyster and 55% of water samples (n=33) were positive for total V. parahaemolyticus, and all samples were negative for pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. In contrast, enrichment followed by real-time PCR detected tlh, tdh and trh in 100%, 20% and 40% of oyster and 100%, 13% and 40% of water enrichments collected from June to October 2005, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus densities in oysters varied seasonally and were found to be positively correlated with water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen.     

基于环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)检测上海市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌的毒力菌株

基于环介导等温扩增法(LAMP)对上海市8-10月市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株(tdh和trh毒力基因)进行检测分析,共检测贝类样品180份,6个常规品种,实验同时采用PCR测定方法进行对比。结果表明,含tdh和trh毒力基因的副溶血性弧菌在市售贝类中的检出率分别是12.77%和11.66%,PCR的分析结果为11.11%和7.78%。对分离的毒力菌株进行血清型分型后发现了2株O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌,其中1株为毒力基因双阳性菌(tdh+/trh+)。2株O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的PFGE条带型相似度较高(相似度90%)。这些结果表明上海市售贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株存在一定的污染,应引起足够重视。双阳性O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的出现值得关注,应对各血清型菌株尤其是O3:K6型副溶血性弧菌的流行情况加强监测。PCR检测结果对比分析表明,LAMP方法适用于贝类产品中副溶血性弧菌毒力菌株的检测分析。     

食品中副溶血性弧菌toxR和tdh基因双色荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立对副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）特异性检测toxR（跨膜转录激活蛋白）基因和tdh（热稳定性直接溶血素）毒力基因的Taqman探针双色荧光PCR检测方法。方法 根据副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和tdh基因,分别设计引物和探针,建立Taqman探针双色荧光PCR扩增体系,进行特异性、灵敏度试验;对副溶血性弧菌分离菌株实施检测,了解其tdh基因和tdh基因分布情况。结果 结果表明,副溶血性弧菌标准菌株和3株从食物中毒患者中分离获得的分离株均出现toxR基因和tdh扩增曲线,而溶藻弧菌、单增李斯特菌等31株弧菌属其他菌株和肠杆菌科的菌株未见扩增曲线。从食品中分离的37株副溶血性弧菌分离株均未携带tdh毒力基因。副溶血性弧菌检测灵敏度可达到3.6×102 cfu/mL。结论 该方法可用于同时检测食品中副溶血性弧菌的特异性和毒力基因。     

食物来源和食源性疾病来源的副溶血性弧菌的生物学特性比较研究

目的了解温州市平阳县食物来源和食源性疾病来源的副溶血性弧菌的血清群分布特点以及耐热直接溶血素(TDH)和TDH相关溶血素(TRH)检出情况。方法以59株副溶血性弧菌食品风险监测分离株和39株副溶血性弧菌食源性疾病监测分离株为研究对象,用标准血清进行血清学分群,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测tdh基因和trh基因。结果食品风险监测分离株检出9个血清群,无优势菌群;食源性疾病监测分离株检出O1、O3和O4;以O3和O4为主,分别占48.7%(19/39)和46.2%(18/39)。食源性疾病监测分离株的毒力基因检测结果为38株仅含有tdh基因,1株仅含有trh基因,而食品风险监测分离株仅检出1株只含有tdh基因的菌株。结论平阳县食品风险监测中分离的副溶血性弧菌菌株与分离自食源性疾病监测的副溶血性弧菌菌株的主要血清型、毒力基因都存在差别。本研究为预防和快速检验副溶血性弧菌引起的食源性疾病提供了科学依据。     

烟台地区食源性疾病中副溶血性弧菌的病原特征及溯源分析

目的了解烟台地区引发食物中毒的副溶血性弧菌分离菌株的主要血清型、抗生素耐药情况、致病力的强弱以及传播流行趋势。方法对2017～2019年11起食物中毒爆发事件中分离的14株副溶血性弧菌进行血清分型;采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;采用PCR技术检测毒力基因不耐热溶血素(tld)、耐药直接溶血素(tdh)和溶血相关溶血素(trh);采用脉冲场电泳(pulse-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型的溯源分析。结果引发烟台地区食物中毒爆发的副溶血性弧菌血清型多样,但以O3:K6型为主(28.6%),分离菌株中11株(78.6%)表现为tdh阳性和trh阴性,3株(21.4%)未携带tdh和trh基因,对头孢唑啉(71.4%)、多粘菌素E(57.1%)、美罗培南和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(7.1%)均出现耐药情况,对氨苄西林(21.4%)、多粘菌素B(14.3%)为中度敏感,耐药谱显示没有出现对3种以上同时耐药的情况,但是42.9%的分离菌株对2种同时耐药情况。结论烟台地区引发食物中毒爆发的副溶血性弧菌以O3:K6型为主,主要携带tdh,对头孢唑啉耐药和多粘菌素耐药普遍存在,具有聚集性爆发的风险,因此加强腹泻病的监测,充分利用国家致病菌识别网集中进行本地区分离菌株的病原特征研究是防控食物中毒爆发的有效手段。