用内凝胶法制备球形Y2O3-ZrO2等离子喷涂粉料

以无机物为前驱物,用内凝胶法制备了适合于等离子喷涂的、粒径在10～50μm范围内的、用氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）球形粉末,实验结果表明,通过改变乳化条件可以控制这种粉末的形貌、粒径和粒度分布．利用SEM和光学显微镜观察发现,用该方法得到的粉末主要是球形的,并且符合粒径分布的要求（5～50μm）．致密的球形粉末显示出良好的流动性．差热分析表明,用47mol％氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）粉末在468℃有一放热峰,是YSZ粉末的相转变温度．XRD分析表明,上述粉末在800℃条件下煅烧可以得到100％非平衡四方相（t’）的YSZ粉末,没有单斜相存在．     

溶胶－凝胶工艺合成ZrO_2超微粉末的研究

以自制Ｚｒ（ＯＣ_３Ｈ_７）_４和Ｙ（ＣＨ_３ＣＯＯ）_３为原料，应用溶胶、凝胶法制备了组份为ＺｒＯ_２－９ｍｏｌ％Ｙ_２Ｏ_３超微粉末．实验表明：温度、湿度、溶液的浓度．介质和催化剂等是影响形成溶胶、凝胶的主要因素．通过ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ比表面积测量以及ＴＥＭ等分析手段研究了粉末的结构与性能．结果表明：钇稳定立方相二氧化锆（ＹＳＺ）超微粉末的合成温度在４７０℃左右．粉末经５００℃以上热处理后变为纯立方相结构．５００℃煅烧２ｈ后的超微粉末颗粒呈球形或近似球形，比表面积为６４．０４ｍ￣２／ｇ，粒径为１５．７ｎｍ．随着烧结温度的升高，ＹＳＺ超微粉末的比表面积减小，粒径增大，预示着颗粒间发生团聚，一次颗粒间的团聚引起了表面积的明显损失和界面的形成．     

以无机盐为原料制备钇稳定的氧化锆超滤膜

用无机盐ＺｒＯＣｌ_２·８Ｈ_２Ｏ和Ｙ（ＮＯ_３）_３·６Ｈ_２Ｏ为原料,以溶胶－凝胶技术路线,在多孔氧化铝支撑体上成功地制备了记稳定的氧化锆（ＹＳＺ）陶瓷膜．扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）分析表明,用沉淀、胶溶、成膜的溶胶－凝胶技术,不能制备表面无龟裂的ＹＳＺ膜．沉淀用共沸蒸馏法干燥,得到高分散性的ＹＳＺ粉体,再用超声法制备ＹＳＺ氧化物胶体,通过浸渍成膜,ＳＥＭ分析证明,ＹＳＺ膜表面无明显缺陷．室温氮气渗透实验进一步证明,膜结构完整．用等温氮吸附实验测定了无支撑体膜的孔径大小和分布,平均孔径约为６ｎｍ．用激光散射技术测定ＹＳＺ胶体粒子平均半径为１１６ｎｍ,透射电子显微镜观察表明,胶体粒子由大小约为２０ｎｍ的晶粒组成．     

ZrO2—HAP变组成梯度生物材料的制备

本文采用溶胶－凝胶法合成了羟基磷灰石（ＨＡＰ）细粉,用化学共沉淀法制备了氧化钇稳定的氧化锆细粉。以ＨＡＰ和氧化钇稳定的氧化锆为原料制备了梯度生物材料。通过部分稳定的氧化锆的相变增韧和微裂纹增韧改善了生物材料的力学性能;通过ＸＲＤ、ＥＰＭＡ等揭示了材料的矿物组成和显微结构。结果表明,与磷酸盐生物陶瓷相比,ＨＡＰ－ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）梯度生物材料具有良好的力学性能。     

高分散、均混合Al2O3-SiC-ZrO2(3Y)水悬浮液

用微波法制备主水合二氧化锆,通过包覆工艺,将Ｙ（ＯＨ）３均匀地包覆在水合二氧化锆粒子表面,制备出ＺＯ２（３Ｙ）的先驱体。然后用聚甲基丙烯酸铵（ＰＭＡＡ－ＮＨ４）对α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３、纳米ＳｉＣ及包覆水合二氧化锆表面的改性。     

日本开发SOFC阳极材料用新型复合粉末

日本第一稀元素化学工业公司和田中化学研究所共同开发出用作固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）阳极材料的低温用NiO-ScSZ（氧化钪稳定氧化锆）复合粉末和高温用NiO-YSZ（氧化钇稳定氧化锆）复合粉末。目前正出厂样品，在获得用户反馈信息后将进一步提高产品性能，计划2008-2010年建立批量生产体制。[第一段]     

YSZ超细粉末的溶胶——凝胶法制备

应用溶胶－凝胶方法合成了ＹＳＺ（Ｚｒ０２＋９ｍｏｌ％Ｙ２Ｏ３）超细粉末。对凝胶形成超细粉末的热分解及晶化过程用ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和热重一差热（ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ）等分析方法进行了研究。试验表明，溶胶－凝胶法制备ＹＳＺ超细粉末的反应过程分为：水份和有机溶剂的挥发；有机基团的燃烧和无定形Ｚｒ０２的形成；无定形Ｚｒ０２向立方要Ｚｒ０２的转变三个阶段。在４７０℃时，凝胶转变为ＹＳＺ固溶体，形成立方相Ｚｒ０２结     

ZrO2薄膜的XPS分析

用射频溅射制备了氧化锆薄膜，用Ｘ光电子能谱技术分析了ＹＳＺ膜的结构，发现低能轰击会引起膜中钇的反优再溅射，造成钇的分布不均匀导致单斜相的出现。     

掺入Al2O3对固体氧化物电解质材料YSZ性能影响的研究

在立方相的钇稳定化氧化锆〖（ＺｒＯ２）０．９２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）０．０８〗（ＹＳＺ）中,掺入少许不同量的Ｚｌ２Ｏ３,研究其对基体材料ＹＳＺ的烧结性能、机械强度和导电性能的影响,并对其机理进行了分析。实验结果表明,掺入Ａｌ２Ｏ３能够明显降低电解质烧结温度,改善烧结性能。在１３００℃烧结１ｈ后,少量掺杂Ａｌ２Ｏ３的样品晶粒尺寸明显比纯ＹＳＺ样品的小;从阻抗谱图上可以看出,随着Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量的增加,晶界电阻不     

激光涂覆法制造隔热涂层

用２ｋＷ的ＣＯ２激光器在低碳钢基片上涂覆上两种不同的陶瓷涂层。一种是氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆（含氧化钇重量比为８％的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆），即氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆的混合物，另一种是纯氧化铝涂层。研究了激光处理过程中激光器的参数范围。所得结果表明了用激光束制得不同形貌（取决于不同的处理条件）的隔热涂层的可能性。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.     

Tc trend in high-Tc superconductors

In our previous works, we have shown that most existing ceramic superconductors can be considered to be built of superconductor-semiconductor composite and we have estimated the change in phonon spectrum of the intrinsic superconductor unit if a semiconductor unit is attached to it. Moreover, the proximity effect under the size quantization condition has been examined in the superconductor-semiconductor composite. Each of the stated effects by itself could causeT _c enhancement in general as more semiconductor blocks are added to the system. We extend our study in this paper to analyze the combined actions of phonon spectral change and proximity effect without size quantization condition onT _c variation in members of the Tl₁ series of high-T _c superconductors. Our results indicate that an optimumT _c is obtained if the stated effects are included in the idealized unit cells of the superconductors made up of a superconductor-semiconductor array.     

Anomalous Hall Effect in Sn1?x?yMnxEuyTe and Sn1?x?yMnxEryTe Mixed Crystals

The Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) was investigated in IV–VI ferromagnetic semimagnetic semiconductors of Sn_1–x Mn _x Te codoped with either Eu or Er. The analysis of experimental data is as follows. Hall resistivity and magnetization showed that AHE coefficient R _s depends on temperature and its value decreases with thetemperature increase. We observe that above ferromagnet–paramagnet transition temperature R _s changes sign. We discuss the possible physical mechanisms responsible for observed temperature dependence of R _s , particularly change of the sign.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Effect of pressure onTc in La2-xBaxCuO4 withx=0.125

The superconducting transition temperature,T _c , of La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ has been measured under high pressure up to 8 GPa.T _c is found to change drastically at the pressure where the structural phase transition takes place. This finding clearly indicates that there exists an intimate relation between the crystal structure and superconductivity.