差压液位计测量汽包液位误差的原因及安装要求

差压液位计在监控锅炉汽包液位中通常采用单室平衡容器和双室平衡容器两种安装方式,通过比较这两种平衡容器的结构及原理,结合实际生产经验,阐述了在电站锅炉汽包液位测量中应使用单室平衡容器的原因。同时为了得到准确的实际液位值,强调了在汽包液位测量中要结合密度补偿的方法。     

简谈流量的温压补偿及液位的密度补偿计算

本文对工业生产过程中气体及蒸汽的流量测量进行温压补偿的基本公式进行了推导,对某些受温度影响较大而密度变化亦较大的介质液位测量进行密度补偿的基本公式进行了推导,指明应依据被补偿介质的特性选择不同的温压补偿公式及补偿方法,同时指出了流量及液位补偿中应注意的一些事项。     

变密度条件下的液位测量

本文针对液化气储罐分析了变密度情况下普通差压法测量液位所存在的问题,提出双差压计改进方法,从而克服了密度变化引起的误差,提高了液位测量的精度。     

孔板流量计测量天然气质量流量不确定度分析

孔板流量计属于标准型节流式差压流量计,依据其测量天然气质量流量计算公式可推知孔板流量计质量流量测量的不确定度来源于六个方面:流出系数的不确定度、可膨胀性系数的不确定度、测量管内径的不确定度、孔板开孔直径的不确定度、差压测量的不确定度、天然气密度测量的不确定度。     

差压式液位变送器在秦山三厂核岛系统中的应用

针对秦山三厂核岛系统中差压式液位变送器在测量过程中出现的常见故障的问题,首先研究了差压式液位变送器的测量原理,并对如何进行差压式液位变送器的迁移进行了分析,对照秦山三厂核岛系统差压式液位变送器测量过程中出现显示信号不正常的现象,对这些故障现象根据具体情况进行了分析研究,找出了造成这些故障现象的原因,根据不同的故障现象制定出了相应的解决方案.研究结果表明,这些解决方案的实施使秦山三厂核岛系统中差压式液位变送器在实际运行过程中经常出现的常见故障得到了彻底的解决,目前,秦山三厂核岛系统中差压式液位变送器测量信号稳定,为核电站的安全稳定运行提供了有力保障.     

孔板流量计测量天然气质量流量不确定度分析

孔板流量计属于标准型节流式差压流量计,依据其测量天然气质量流量计算公式可推知孔板流量计质量流量测量的不确定度来源于六个方面:流出系数的不确定度、可膨胀性系数的不确定度、测量管内径的不确定度、孔板开孔直径的不确定度、差压测量的不确定度、天然气密度测量的不确定度。     

变密度条件的液位测量

本文针对液化气储罐分析了变密度情况下普通差压法测量液位所存在的问题，提出双差压计改进方法，从而克服了密度变化引起的误差，提高了液位测量的精度。     

双法兰液位变送器在锅炉汽包上的应用

锅炉汽包液位是锅炉安全操作中非常重要的控制指标。因此,汽包上的液位一般采用就地和远传多种液位计同时进行测量。当前,远传液位计大多采用双平衡管加差压变送器的方式。这种液位计在运行过程中有两点要求非常重要:一是导压管绝对不能出现泄露;二是仪表和导压管一定要做好保温伴热,否则就会出现测量误差或是发生仪表冻堵现象,造成锅炉停机甚至是安全事故。双法兰液位变送器不需要配导压管,更不用保温伴热,恰好就避免这两种情况的发生,但这种液位计在锅炉汽包的液位测量上却一直没有得到应用。作者通过多次试验和改造,变更了液位计负压侧取压方式,增加了密度补偿,成功地将双法兰液位变送器用于锅炉汽包的液位测量上,扩大了锅炉汽包对液位计的选择范围。本文就此进行讨论,介绍了双法兰液位变送器在锅炉汽包的应用过程中碰到的实际问题和解决办法。     

差压式流量传感器测量一般气体流量时的温度压力补偿方法

简要介绍使用差压式流量传感器进行一般气体流量测量时的温压补偿方法;指出了差压方式流量传感器测量一般气体的通用流量温压补偿公式,并写出了公式的推导过程;与线性流量传感器温压补偿方法进行对比,强调指出了采用差压式流量传感器时进行温压补偿的注意要点.对公用工程中的一般气体的流量计量工作有一定的指导作用.     

利用DCS实现复杂工况下密闭容器液位的精确测量

本文针对密闭容器液位测量中差压变送器隔离液走失,或者液体密度有变化,以及二者同时出现的情况,利用现场其他仪表和CS3000中的计算模块,创新性地采用密度补偿法实现液位精确测量,并且给出了具体的实现方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.