线振动台台面对运动直线的垂直度误差测试技术

为了测量线振动台的工作台面对运动直线的垂直度误差,分析了检测系统的各误差源,包括运动直线的三维移动误差、测试工具直角方尺的垂直度误差、寄生转动误差等。推导了测微仪读数与这些误差源以及移动位移之间的关系,并设计了误差测量方法,该方法补偿了直角方尺垂直度误差、振动台的寄生转动误差和径向偏移误差,分离出线振动台台面与运动直线的垂直度误差,提高了测试精度。     

图像式角位移测量的光栅偏心度监测系统

图像式角位移测量装置中,光栅的安装偏心标定结果直接影响着角位移测量的精度。为此,本文设计了一种用于调试图像式角位移测量装置光栅偏心度的系统。首先,根据图像式角位移测量机理,提出了基于线阵图像传感器的标定光栅偏心度监测原理;然后,在图像传感器上建立了偏心调试监测信号的模型,并提出存在偏心时偏心监测信号的变化机理;最后,对某型号角位移测量装置进行了实验,并给出了调试建议。实验表明,经过调节误差均方差由1017″降低到12.8″。本文设计的偏心监测系统能够实现对标定光栅的高精度安装调试,提高了图像式角位移测量装置的批量生产效率。     

XGBoost机器学习在光电编码器误差补偿中的应用

光电编码器检测系统的误差主要受基准光电编码器测角误差、数据采集误差、检测系统同轴误差影响。其中，基准光电编码器的测角误差可进行补偿。因此设计了一种基于极度梯度提升树（extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost）机器学习的算法用来补偿基准光电编码器的误差。经该算法补偿后，静态精度提高了35倍，标准差由3.62″减小至0.13″，最大误差值由5.53″降低至0.39″。与传统的误差反传（back progagation,BP）神经网络算法以及径向基函数（radial basis function,RBF）神经网络算法补偿效果相比，XGBoost的补偿效果更优。XGBoost机器学习算法有效降低了基准光电编码器的测量误差，提高了光电编码器检测系统的检测精度。     

精密减速器角位移测量系统设计

为了实现对精密减速器输入端和输出端角位移的精密测量,建立精密减速器角位移测量系统。对该系统的机械结构、角度测量及标定方法、基于非线性最小二乘法的误差补偿模型进行研究。通过"立式筒状"结构和圆光栅角度传感器"前置"避免了传统检测仪的弱刚度结构和轴系形变对角度测量造成的影响。使用光电自准直仪与24面棱体结合的方式离散标定圆光栅角度传感器的角位移测量误差,研究基于谐波分析的误差补偿方法,对角坐标进行补偿,进一步消除误差。实验结果显示,通过优化检测仪的结构设计,角位移测量精度达到±7″;误差补偿后,角位移最终测量精度达到±2″,满足减速器角位移测量的高精度要求,对类似测角系统也有参考价值。     

时栅传感器直驱式误差自动标定与修正系统

针对研制时栅位移传感器过程中的误差标定环节,常规光栅传感器精度不满足要求的问题,采用激光干涉仪作为误差标定基准,自主研制了基于激光干涉仪的直驱式时栅角位移传感器误差自动标定与修正系统。利用时栅角位移传感器的多测头结构与误差曲线等间距周期性分布的特性,以一个对极的误差曲线重构传感器整周的误差曲线,采用多项式拟合算法构建了时栅角位移传感器的误差修正模型。实验结果表明,误差自动标定与修正系统可以快速、准确地对时栅角位移传感器进行自动误差标定与修正,修正后的时栅角位移传感器的整周误差达到±0.43″。     

基于位移空间误差补偿提高芯片划片精度的方法研究

以IC划片机数控轴位移空间误差的分析为基础,采用激光干涉仪测量小步距直线位移精度,并应用4线分步体对角线法测量空间位移误差,进而提出了双向小步距直线位移与空间误差补偿方法。将该补偿方法应用于划片机,划片步距精度和切割深度的控制精度能提高50%以上。     

浅谈磁阻式角位移传感器温度误差及补偿

磁阻式角位移传感器(RVDT)是一种高精度、无接触式角位移测量元件,由于其高精度、高可靠性的技术优势,广泛应用于航空、航天、兵器及智能控制领域,随着角位移传感器的广泛应用,对角位移传感器耐高低温环境性能要求越来越高。由于磁阻式角位移传感器漆包线绕组阻值的影响,其精度受高低温环境影响较大。现着重分析了磁阻式角位移传感器输出信号的特性,深入研究了磁阻式角位移传感器高低温环境下误差产生的原因及影响因素,并介绍了一种并联式温度补偿方法,经实验证明,该方法可使高低温环境下角位移传感器精度满足不大于0.3°的工程应用指标。     

大型精密转台高精度角度微驱动装置的研制

针对用于标定和检测的大型精密转台(要求其定位误差≤±0.5″),研制了高精度角度微驱动装置。介绍了转台的总体结构,给出了角度微驱动装置的驱动原理和构成。该角度微驱动装置主要通过一个角位移转换机构把精密直线位移转化为精密角位移来实现高的角度分辨率,其在驱动转台旋转的过程中几乎不给转台带来轴向力和径向力,因此不影响转台的轴系精度。为了满足定位要求,转台设计采用了粗精结合、二次定位的方法,即先采用力矩电机进行粗定位,然后使用角度微驱动装置来实现精定位。最后,从理论上计算了角度微驱动装置的分辨率并进行了测试和应用验证,证明此角度微驱动装置的分辨率优于0.08″,满足转台定位精度要求。     

基于电涡流位移传感器的嵌入式滚转角测量方法

导轨运动副在运动过程中会产生6个自由度误差,滚转角误差一直是测量的难点。提出一种基于电涡流位移传感器的滚转角在线测量方法和装置。该方法将导轨固定于基准平面,电涡流位移传感器探头通过连接板安装在运动平台上,其中两个探头相距L,并且连线垂直导轨运动轴线,平台运动过程中,两个探头通过测得的导轨直线度误差间接得到导轨滚转角误差;考虑到基准平面平面度误差影响,建立了误差补偿模型,对基准平面平面度误差对滚转角误差测量引起的角度变化量进行补偿,从而计算出导轨精确滚转角误差。静态和动态加载对比试验结果表明:在导轨运动距离为100 mm,导轨滚转角误差变化范围为-32.5″至8.6″时,本方法与标准中的水平仪法比对残差在±1.5″左右,验证了该测量系统的可行性和所提出的补偿方法的有效性。提出的导轨滚转角测量方法充分考虑和减少了基准平面平面度误差的影响。此外,所提方法可以实现在线测量,可以与其他电涡流位移传感器相结合,组成结构简单、测量精度高、抗干扰能力强的多自由度在线测量系统。     

精密位移动态测量信号特征辨识及细分新方法研究

针对数字化精密机械测量仪器和装备需要解决位移传感器信号的高倍数、高精度细分问题,通过对光栅位移测量模型的研究提出采用测量基准转换的思维方式构建空间序列理论。通过对各运动状态条件下精密位移动态测量信号的多尺度分解实现特征辨识,从而构建用于动态位移信号细分的自适应预测模型及相关细分误差实时修正技术。实验研究表明此方法可以实现圆光栅栅距内400倍细分,角位移细分误差-0.19″~0.27″。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.