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对于不同级数的不可逆反应,研究了其在全混流反应器(CSTR)与平推流反应器(PFR)不同组合方式中的最终转化率。对两种理想流动反应器的不同组合方式,如CSTR+PFR串联、PFR+CSTR串联及CSTR与PFR并联,反应的最终转化率随反应级数的不同而变化。当反应级数为负值时,CSTR与PFR并联组合方式的最终转化率最高;当反应级数为0~1之间的数值时,CSTR+PFR串联组合方式的最终转化率最高;而当反应级数大于1时,PFR+CSTR串联组合方式的最终转化率最高;当反应级数为0时,三种组合方式具有相同的最终转化率;但当反应为一级不可逆反应时,两种反应器串联时的最终转化率相同,并高于两种反应器并联时的最终转化率。 相似文献
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采用冷态研究和高温反应相结合的方法,探究了气-固反应过程中返混对反应特性和动力学的影响。首先利用脉冲示踪法考察微型流化床内的气体停留时间分布规律和气体返混特性,揭示床内径D、表观气速Ug、介质颗粒粒径dp对床内气体返混程度的影响,并分析气体流动偏离平推流的程度,得到其最大程度接近平推流的操作范围。进而,选取活性焦燃烧这一典型气-固反应,分析微型流化床反应分析仪中不同程度的返混状态下等温燃烧的反应行为和活化能演变,再现了D、Ug、dp对反应测试结果的影响,即:随着床径减小及表观气速和介质颗粒粒径的增大,反应器内产物气体经历的返混程度减小,使得产物气体近平推流的输出并被即时检测,获得更好揭示反应本质特性的反应活化能。活化能数值随返混程度的减少而增大,且更易达到稳定反应状态。 相似文献
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在一定的工艺条件下,流动反应器内物料的返混影响着串联反应的产物分布.本文分别对串联反应在平推流管式反应器和完全混合流釜式反应器中各组分的分布规律进行了研究,通过对两种反应器进行比较,给出反应器选择和在实际生产中反应器设计及操作方式确定的建议. 相似文献
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反应器中流体物料的返混现象,直接影响化学反应的进行,返混程度愈大,对反应物料的转化愈不利。因此“返混”概念对学习化学反应工程学及设计和解决反应器在使用过程中的实际问题有着十分重要的意义。“返混”是停留时间不同的微团的混合流体物料,在反应中存在的实际现象,返混程度可以由停留时间分布函数曲线来描述。 相似文献
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母液返混技术在二氧化氯制备中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了母液返混技术在负压曝气法二氧化氯制备工艺上的应用,分析了负压曝气返混工艺的特点和意义,探讨了影响强制返混技术的因素.通过大量的试验表明,负压曝气返混法对提高生产安全性、反应转化率,降低原料消耗等,都是十分有利的.通过母液强制返混技术的应用研究,进一步提高了微负压二氧化氯制备工艺的技术水平. 相似文献
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温度对均相化学反应的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对实际生产中温度的一般影响进行了分析,并分别就温度对单一反应和复合反应的影响进行了探讨。温度对单一反应的影响从可逆和不可逆反应两方面入手,可逆反应又从可逆吸热和可逆放热两方面进行分析。温度对复合反应的影响从平行反应和串联反应两个角度展开进行探讨。最后得出在各种情况下温度对反应的影响规律。 相似文献
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The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion. 相似文献
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Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
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Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li+ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment Tg and the soft-segment Tm influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature. 相似文献
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In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting
force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret.
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Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007. 相似文献
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组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题,对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析,为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。 相似文献