贵州不同油茶物种及产地对油茶籽油品质的影响

为探究贵州不同油茶的生产适应性,分析贵州本土油茶物种与普通油茶的差异性,研究不同产地对油茶籽油品质的影响,对贵州2个主要油茶物种（威宁短柱油茶、西南红山茶）和3个主要产地（贵阳、平塘、册亨）的普通油茶籽仁含油率及其制取油脂的理化特性、脂肪酸组成与活性物质含量进行检测,应用聚类分析和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明,威宁短柱油茶和西南红山茶籽仁的含油率较高,分别达到了57.76%和56.08%,与普通油茶差异显著（p＜0.05）。各物种及产地的油茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸相对含量差异不显著（p＞0.05）,而威宁短柱油茶籽油和西南红山茶籽油饱和脂肪酸相对含量较高（p＜0.05）。平塘普通油茶籽油中总甾醇、维生素E、总黄酮含量最高,分别达到了354.63 mg/100 g、84.02 mg/kg和4.24 g/kg;威宁短柱油茶籽油的角鲨烯含量最高,为145.63 mg/kg;西南红山茶籽油的总酚含量最高,达到了208.69 mg/kg。聚类分析显示,威宁短柱油茶和西南红山茶为一类,贵阳和册亨的普通油茶为第二类,平塘的普通油茶单独为一类。主成分分析结果表明,西南红山茶的综合得分最高,威宁短柱油茶的次之,西南红山茶和威宁短柱油茶较适用于油茶籽油的生产加工。     

不同产地油茶籽油主要特征组分分析

为比较不同产地油茶籽油的差异性,通过系统聚类分析(systematic cluster analysis,SCA)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)对8种不同产地油茶籽含油率、脂肪酸组成、甾醇、角鲨烯和生育酚等特征组分进行分析。结果表明,油茶籽含油率在41.38%～54.71%之间。共检出12种脂肪酸、角鲨烯、8种甾醇和生育酚。江西九江油茶籽饱和脂肪酸含量最高(133.79 mg/g),湖北随州油茶籽的不饱和脂肪酸含量最高(659.40 mg/g);浙江衢州油茶籽油的总甾醇含量最高(316.14 mg/100 g);湖南邵阳油茶籽油的角鲨烯(29.27 mg/100 g)、总生育酚(338.74 mg/kg)含量最高。SCA结果显示,浙江衢州、贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州、安徽金寨、湖北随州和广西河池5个产地能够分为一类,其余产地各自分为一类。PCA综合得分表明湖南邵阳、湖北随州与江西九江的油茶籽油得分较高。综上所述,各产地油茶籽油特征组分均有显著性差异(P0.05),邵阳油茶籽油特征组分含量较高,且综合排名最高。     

12株油茶种仁含油率及脂肪酸组成分析

测定名邛台地(四川省境内的名山、邛崃、蒲江一带)的12株野生油茶的产量和种仁含油率,采用气相色谱法(GC)对油茶籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,并对主要脂肪酸组成间进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同油茶的产量和种仁含油率存在差异,单株产量为12.95~54.00 kg,种仁含油率为37.04%~45.56%;油茶籽油脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主;各脂肪酸含量之间存在密切的相关性,油酸与亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸呈极显著负相关,关系最密切的是油酸和亚油酸,其相关系数达到-0.829;根据产量、种仁含油率和脂肪酸组成筛选出的川雅31、川雅21、川雅28、川雅20可作为进一步培育优良品种的材料。     

15个高州油茶无性系脂肪酸及微量营养成分比较分析

高州油茶是南亚热带主要栽培的油用山茶属物种。为了筛选脂肪酸及微量营养成分优良的高州油茶无性系,本研究对15个高州油茶无性系的种仁含油率、脂肪酸成分和4种生物活性物质(α-生育酚,总酚,角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇)进行了测定,并运用方差分析、因子分析和综合评价法对其组分和含量进行了分析。结果表明,15个无性系种仁含油率、脂肪酸及微量营养成分均差异明显。不饱和脂肪酸和油酸质量分数含量变化范围分别为88.29%(HMZ03)～85.08%(A16)、74.84%(A32)～82.84%(HMz04)。主要生物活性物质α-生育酚,总酚,角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量变化范围分别为11.70 mg/100g(HMz06)～30.00 mg/100g(HMz03)、3.69 mg/kg(A31)～17.05 mg/kg(A16)、107.0 mg/kg(A31)～695.6 mg/kg(A5)、286.5 mg/kg(HMz10)～750.3 mg/kg(HMz03)。因子分析结果表明,前3个因子累计方差贡献率为76.492%,包含了高州油茶油脂营养成分大部分信息,可以用这3个公因子代表原来的 10项评价指标,进行高州油茶油脂营养成分的分析和评价。综合得分排名前5名依次为HMz11、HMz03、A6、A32和A5。本研究结果可为进一步开展高州油茶营养功能评价、优系筛选、育种亲本选择和茶油品质开发等提供基本参考依据。     

玉屏不同油茶种质含油率及油中脂肪酸组成分析

为选育油茶优良无性系,利用核磁共振方法测定了玉屏38个油茶优良无性系的种子和种仁含油率,采用GC-MS/MS方法检测了索氏提取的油茶种仁油脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果表明:MZ-3、YP-1、6-57、6-48和GY的种子和种仁含油率分别在41%和56%以上。油茶种仁油中检测出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生烯酸,油酸含量高于83%的品系有5-35、5-37、6-49、XL-210和YP-1。这不仅为玉屏油茶优良无性系的选择提供了科学依据,而且可为油茶籽油的加工利用提供参考。     

索氏法提取和测定油茶籽油的条件优化

除富含不饱和脂肪酸的茶油外,油茶中还含有茶多糖、茶皂素、茶多酚等多种生物活性成分。以油茶生物活性物质的提取和制备为前提,本研究以简单、有效地提取茶油为目标,以油茶籽含油率为指标,在索氏抽提法单因素实验基础上,选择提取时间、提取温度、提取溶剂种类和单次样品重量为影响因素进行正交优化实验。结果表明,油茶索氏提取的最佳条件为:提取时间6 h、提取温度80℃、有机溶剂丙酮、单次样品重量4 g。该条件下茶籽含油率达43.24%±0.53%。该条件下测得4种油茶整籽和种仁的含油率从高到低依次为广宁红花油茶、普通油茶、小果油茶和高州油茶;广宁红花油茶的整籽和种仁含油率均最高,且饼粕含油率最低,分别为49.7%、67.5%和6.1%。优化后的油茶索氏抽提条件,适用于茶油成分的有效提取和针对油茶籽油的定量分析。     

地理经纬度对油茶籽中脂肪及脂肪酸组成的影响

对我国油茶主产区34个点的油茶籽的粗脂肪和脂肪酸组成与地理经纬度的关系进行了分析.相关分析结果表明,油茶籽的粗脂肪含量与地理经度和纬度均有显著的负相关关系,油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成中硬脂酸含量与地理纬度有显著的负相关关系,而油酸与粗脂肪含量有极显著的正相关关系.油茶籽油中油酸的变化趋势呈散点分布,并确定出15个高油酸含量的油茶分布区.通过对硬脂酸进行聚类分析将油茶主要分布区分为4大主要区域.     

广西河池、百色和梧州油茶种子含油率和脂肪酸组成测定

选取广西油茶重点产区河池、百色和梧州的主要油茶品种普通油茶、岑溪软枝油茶及大果红花油茶的种子为原料,石油醚为溶剂提取油茶种子的油脂及测定含油率,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同油茶籽油试样的脂肪酸成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：4个不同产地不同品种的油茶种子出仁率为53.29%～68.91%;干籽含油率为47.05%～59.51%;GC-MS共鉴定出14种脂肪酸,单不饱和酸含量为72.91%～80.11%,其中河池巴马软枝油茶籽油的单不饱和酸含量最高,为80.11%,主要成分是油酸;多不饱和酸含量为5.85%～9.14%,其中梧州岑溪软枝油茶籽油的多不饱和酸含量最高,为9.14%,主要成分是亚油酸;饱和脂肪酸含量为13.62%～17.95%,主要成分为棕榈酸和硬脂酸;同时,广西油茶籽油中含有少量的9,10-环氧-十八碳烷酸尚未见报道。     

元宝枫种仁营养成分分析

为明确元宝枫种仁的营养成分,对元宝枫种仁含油率、粗蛋白质含量,元宝枫种仁粕中氨基酸组成及含量、矿质元素组成及元宝枫种仁油的总脂肪酸、Sn-2位脂肪酸组成及含量、生育酚含量进行测定。结果表明：元宝枫种仁的含油率为43.7%,粗蛋白质含量为35.13%;元宝枫种仁粕中含有17种氨基酸,其中7种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的33.78%,是理想的蛋白质资源;元宝枫种仁粕中含有丰富的矿质元素,常量元素中K含量为6 372.8μg/g, Na含量仅为346.5μg/g,属于高钾低钠食品,微量元素中Mn含量较高,为68.1μg/g,且未检出重金属元素;元宝枫种仁油主要由12种脂肪酸组成,神经酸含量达到5.89%,以亚油酸和α-亚麻酸为主的多不饱和脂肪酸主要分布在Sn-2位;元宝枫种仁油中生育酚总量为1 230.70 mg/kg,以γ-生育酚含量最高,达到792.62 mg/kg。元宝枫种仁营养丰富,可作为神经酸、生育酚和氨基酸的重要来源,其油脂可作为富含神经酸的保健食用油。     

特征指标评价江西不同区域油茶籽油品质灰色关联度分析

本文以江西省油茶籽油主产区的绿色食品山茶油为研究对象,按照NY/T751—2017规定的特征指标相对密度、折光指数、碘值、皂化值、不皂化物、脂肪酸组分含量进行分析测定,利用Microsoft Excel软件对油茶籽油特征指标进行灰色关联度分析评价。研究结果表明,永丰、新余、樟树、鹰潭龙虎山和袁州五地的油茶籽油食用品质最优。从地理空间分布上来看,这些地区主要分布在东经114～116°、北纬27～28°附近,这为今后江西省油茶籽油的绿色发展、油茶林的种植规划提供一定参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press