基于多本体语义相似度计算的对等网资源动态匹配方法研究

在基于对等网的网格环境中,应用本体来描述资源元数据已经成为当今研究的趋势.不同结点可能采用不同的本体来描述各自管理的资源元数据.如何提高这种环境下动态资源发现的效率是急需研究的问题.本文在形式化描述结点本体结构和元数据模型结构的基础上,提出了一种精确匹配与模糊匹配相结合、本体语义相似性匹配和资源实例特征匹配相结合的综合资源匹配方法,来提高非集中环境下资源匹配的灵活性和精确性.     

云环境下的虚拟计算机实验室——基于本体的资源配置研究

为解决目前高校计算机实验室资源利用率低、管理维护难度高、共享程度低等问题,本文给出一个云环境下虚拟计算机实验室架构。针对其如何实现准确提供动态、多样的实验环境需求问题,采用Web本体语言OWL描述课程实验本体和云资源领域本体,并提出一种基于本体匹配技术的资源自动分配方法。     

基于领域本体的电子学习资源库模型

随着电子学习系统快速的发展,电子学习资源呈现爆炸式的增长,如何有效地组织海量电子学习资源成为构建高效电子学习系统的重要因素。针对现有资源库在资源组织方面存在的不足,提出了一个基于领域知识本体的电子学习资源库检索模型,该模型利用领域知识来构建领域知识本体库并通过抽取电子学习资源元数据构建元数据库,通过映射关系完成对电子学习资源的语义组织,并在此基础之上构建一个语义检索模型,以有效地解决现有电子学习资源检索中丢失语义背景的问题,使检索结果在查全率、查准率方面有所提高,更加符合用户的需求。     

基于语义的企业资源服务封装模型

为实现企业应用集成和交互,引入企业资源的概念。通过对企业资源进行识别并用OWL语言来描述,构建领域本体资源库。将企业内部的业务功能封装成Web服务,在模型的架构下对服务的各个方面进行描述,与领域本体资源建立映射。使用OWL-S语言实现企业资源的服务封装模型,并通过实现原型系统对模型的可行性和正确性进行验证。     

一种基于人工免疫的本体匹配算法

针对目前本体匹配算法存在运行效率低和匹配准确度不高等问题,提出一种基于人工免疫的动态本体匹配算法,用来快速地从现有本体中筛选出用户所需的子本体。该算法根据用户行为信息构建抗原本体模型,利用情景匹配确定其领域上下文环境,然后通过结构匹配获得匹配度最高的本体,最后对本体执行语义匹配得到最终需要的子本体。实验表明,该算法提高了本体匹配的准确度和效率。     

企业自演化动态本体表示策略的研究

领域知识的非规范化组织严重阻碍了本体及知识库的共享,本体的主观性和知识的快速更新提出了本体演化需求,也就需要对领域知识本体的动态属性进行表示,建立动态本体,适应对本体及知识库共享的需求。本文以情景演算理论为基础,对活动动态本体进行了刻画;在分析企业活动之后构建了企业动态本体,并以构建企业生产管理的动态过程信息表示为例进行了实例描述;提出了本体自演化动态模型;给出了基于本体学习与冲突触发的本体自演化版本态迁移图,对本体演化过程中的版本进行管理,实现动态本体的自动复盘,最终建立实现企业职能的动态的共享本体模型。     

基于本体的智能学习资源分配模型构建

网络学习系统的核心是学习资源的分配和管理。学习资源的分配原则是按照教学策略依据学习者特征和学习资源特征进行匹配,从存储学习资源的信息库中调出所需的学习资源内容进行学习。引入领域本体进行建模,对学习资源进行语义描述,引入本体知识,利用本体描述学习者信息和学习资源信息,建立相关本体模型。主要针对资源的组成部分的显示形式和操作进行描述,支持个性化学习产     

P2P网络中基于本体的语义信息交互机制*

摘要：为提高P2P信息共享系统中的语义信息交互能力,提出了节点资源元数据本体模型,对资源元数据的共性进行建模,增加了资源元数据描述的清晰度和资源元数据间的语义联系。在此基础上,考虑丰富的语义和上下文信息,提出了一种基于本体匹配的语义信息交互机制,节点通过自主处理、理解和解释语义层次的信息,支持语义丰富的分布式信息共享。     

基于启发式规则的自动化本体扩充

自动化地获取网络资源中的领域本体可以缩短本体的构建周期,但自动化的本体扩充还是本体工程中的一个挑战,其难点主要在于如何抽取术语并在新术语和已有本体之间建立映射关系。为此,提出了一个基于启发式规则的本体自动化扩充方法。该方法从网络资源中抽取自然语言文本,结合自然语言处理技术进行文本预处理,采用优先匹配对象属性的方式挖掘领域知识术语,然后通过启发式规则匹配术语的方式进行本体扩充,最后进行一致性检测。采用上述方法实现了一个基于Web的本体扩充工具。以城市景观信息核心本体作为研究案例进行了实验,结果显示本方法在扩充实例时具有较高的查准率和查全率,表明其具有有效性和可行性。     

A personalized query expansion approach for engineering document retrieval

Engineers create engineering documents with their own terminologies, and want to search existing engineering documents quickly and accurately during a product development process. Keyword-based search methods have been widely used due to their ease of use, but their search accuracy has been often problematic because of the semantic ambiguity of terminologies in engineering documents and queries. The semantic ambiguity can be alleviated by using a domain ontology. Also, if queries are expanded to incorporate the engineer’s personalized information needs, the accuracy of the search result would be improved. Therefore, we propose a framework to search engineering documents with less semantic ambiguity and more focus on each engineer’s personalized information needs. The framework includes four processes: (1) developing a domain ontology, (2) indexing engineering documents, (3) learning user profiles, and (4) performing personalized query expansion and retrieval. A domain ontology is developed based on product structure information and engineering documents. Using the domain ontology, terminologies in documents are disambiguated and indexed. Also, a user profile is generated from the domain ontology. By user profile learning, user’s interests are captured from the relevant documents. During a personalized query expansion process, the learned user profile is used to reflect user’s interests. Simultaneously, user’s searching intent, which is implicitly inferred from the user’s task context, is also considered. To retrieve relevant documents, an expanded query in which both user’s interests and intents are reflected is then matched against the document collection. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can substantially outperform both the keyword-based approach and the existing query expansion method in retrieving engineering documents. Reflecting a user’s information needs precisely has been identified to be the most important factor underlying this notable improvement.     

本体结构特征分析与匹配应用研究

针对本体匹配中结构蕴含的隐式语义信息难以正确表示和充分使用问题,提出将本体结构特征量化引入本体匹配。根据本体与复杂网络的相似性,分析本体具有的网络特征,提出了一系列基于结构和语义特征的理论和节点、边的量化标准,并将其用于核心节点的选取和边权重的度量。将本体匹配转换为基于元素个体特征和整体组织结构的有权标签图匹配问题,通过二次规划方法求取近似最优匹配。实验证明本体拓扑结构特征对本体匹配具有较大影响,其与核心节点匹配的紧密藕合能够显著提高匹配的准确性。     

A software engineering approach to ontology building

Ontologies are the backbone of the Semantic Web, a semantic-aware version of the World Wide Web. The availability of large-scale high quality domain ontologies depends on effective and usable methodologies aimed at supporting the crucial process of ontology building. Ontology building exhibits a structural and logical complexity that is comparable to the production of software artefacts. This paper proposes an ontology building methodology that capitalizes the large experience drawn from a widely used standard in software engineering: the Unified Software Development Process or Unified Process (UP). In particular, we propose UP for ONtology (UPON) building, a methodology for ontology building derived from the UP. UPON is presented with the support of a practical example in the eBusiness domain. A comparative evaluation with other methodologies and the results of its adoption in the context of the Athena EU Integrated Project are also discussed.     

一种网络化软件的按需服务发现方法

针对网络化软件的多种多样、个性化、模糊的用户需求,如何从海量、异构、动态的网络服务资源中找到最符合用户需求的、高质量的服务来构造网络化软件,以提高用户的体验质量,变得尤为重要。提出一种网络化软件的按需服务发现方法,首先根据具体领域,利用事先所建的领域本体对具体需求实例和服务信息进行语义标识,然后建立起"基本+功能+质量"的三阶段语义匹配模型。3个阶段逐步递进,通过判断是否大于预定阈值,找到最符合用户需求的服务资源来构造网络化软件;最后,应用物流领域实例对方法的性能进行了比较测试,结果表明,所提方法提高了网络化软件的需求和服务之间的语义匹配精度,能够找到最佳的服务资源服务来构造网络化软件。     

COMPETENCE ONTOLOGY FOR DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND RETRIEVAL

In this paper, we present a competence ontology for domain knowledge dissemination and retrieval services, which has been used in the MDKT project (Management and Dissemination of Knowledge in Telecommunication). The main objective of this project is to set up a computerized knowledge management system related to a specific domain in order to develop the human resources expertise for the needs of the enterprise. In the case of this project, the knowledge is about wireless networking and is expressed in digital documents. Among all the ontologies that implement the knowledge needed by the system, the competence ontology plays a key role. The competence ontology defines at a meta-level the concept of competence and its relationships with other concepts such as document or user. Its instantiation is used to characterize a user model and a document model. This knowledge organization makes it possible to infer which document, or more generally which domain knowledge information, is suitable for a given person or to whom specific domain knowledge information should be disseminated.     

Concept extraction from business documents for software engineering projects

Acquiring relevant business concepts is a crucial first step for any software project for which the software experts are not domain experts. The wealth of information buried within an organization’s written documentation is a precious source of concepts, relationships and attributes which can be used to model the enterprise’s domain. The lack of targeted extraction tools can make perusing through this type of resource a lengthy and costly process. We propose a domain model focused extraction process aimed at the rapid discovery of knowledge relevant to the software expert. To avoid undesirable noise from high-level linguistic tools, the process is mainly composed of positive and negative base filters that are less error prone and more robust. The extracted candidates are then reordered using a weight propagation algorithm based on structural hints from source documents. When tested on French text corpora from public organizations, our process performs 2.7 times better than a statistical baseline for relevant concept discovery. A new metric to assess the performance discovery speed of relevant concepts is introduced. The annotation of a gold standard definition of software engineering oriented concepts for knowledge extraction tasks is also presented.     

基于本体的网络威胁情报分析技术研究

网络安全领域中威胁情报的描述方式多种多样,迫切需要一种对威胁情报格式化描述的标准,将非格式化情报信息,转化为格式化数据,为情报的可视化知识图谱提供支撑。针对STIX 2.0的描述规范,提取了适应于网络安全威胁情报中的本体元素,构建了一个可共享、重用、扩展的威胁情报本体模型,并对领域本体、应用本体和原子本体进行了详细分类。将该模型应用在Poisonivy攻击事件中,提取了Poisonivy研究报告中的61个实体,102个关系,并将抽取的格式化数据导入Gephi进行可视化表达。通过对威胁情报本体模型的构建,完成了情报信息从非结构化到结构化的转换,并使用统一的语法进行描述,最终以知识图谱的方式来表达情报中重要元素,可以快速定位网络安全事件中的核心元素及之间关系,为网络安全分析者和决策者,提供重要依据。     

面向领域的服务业务规范化组织模型及其关键技术研究

提出一种面向领域的服务业务规范化组织模型(SBSOM),旨在服务计算环境下针对应用领域中基于服务组合的业务应用系统构建需要,解决如何实现深入到业务层面对服务资源进行有效组织与管理,从而为操作相容组合和服务有效复用提供可靠性保障问题.在该模型的支撑下,基于领域业务本体通过对服务操作的可用性判定,生成服务的领域业务视图,从而完成服务自然面貌、功能面貌、到业务面貌的逐步抽象,全面的展现服务能力,并在以服务为粒度、基于功能对服务资源进行分类管理的基础上,进一步实现以操作为粒度、基于业务适用性组织服务资源.本文重点讨论了SBSOM模型的结构体系,并对服务业务规范化组织建模的关键技术进行了深入探讨,在最后通过实验对SBSOM模型的意义和有效性进行了分析与验证.     

Crowdsourcing social network service for social enterprise innovation

Social enterprises (SE) have developed various innovative business models to accomplish both social and business values for years. Not few SE’s persons have observed some critical and urgent social issues as well as human problems, but just few SE’s social media or crowdsourcing services can be provided people an efficient way to interact for these social problems. Thus, the research is to solve the need which is an integrative platform of social media and crowdsourcing service to support business innovation of social enterprise. Such a SE-specific crowdsourcing social network service (SNS) facilitate people can obtain the shared resources to further achieve the projects (i.e, volunteer activities) or even start up an innovative SE (i.e., lumni, 20%+, The Big Issue). In order to achieve SE’s charitable objective, this research is to propose and design an integration of social network and crowdsourcing service – HIVE that can provide people to post ideas, share resources, or even attend the crowdsourcing projects by the different resources. Thus, HIVE can give users to seek business opportunities, collect, connect, and users’ data analysis for social and human resources. HIVE even can provide several ways to facilitate human and resource corporations to support SE’s business innovation based on six pre-defined areas of SE and deal with the critical matching process.