本体演化管理研究

自W3C主席TimBerncrs-Lee首先提出了语义web的概念后,它正在成为计算机信息处理领域当前研究的热点之一。本体将在“语义Web”中起到至关重要的作用,它通过定义精确的共享术语,以提供某一特定领域可重用的知识。但是这些知识并不是静态的,而是随着时问的推移不断演化。领域的改变、自适应不同的任务、或概念模型的改变都要求本体的变更。随着本体开发变成一个泛化的、协同的过程,本体版本控制和演化管理已成为本体研完中一个重要的领域。本文首先对本体演化的原因和所带来的问题进行分析,然后讨论了本体演化管理的关键技术,着重强调了Web上本体标识和本体变化机制的定义,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。     

Understanding ontology evolution: A change detection approach

In this article, we propose a change detection approach in the context of an ontology evolution framework for OWL DL ontologies. The framework allows ontology engineers to request and apply changes to the ontology they manage. Furthermore, the framework assures that the ontology and its depending artifacts remain consistent after changes have been applied. Innovative is that the framework includes a change detection mechanism that allows generating automatically a detailed overview of changes that have occurred based on a set of change definitions. In addition, different users (such as maintainers of depending artifacts) may have their own set of change definitions, which results into different overviews of the changes, each providing a different view on how the ontology has been changed. Using these change definitions, also different levels of abstraction are supported. Both features will enhance the understanding of the evolution of an ontology for different users.     

Modelling residual value risk through ontology to address vulnerability of PPP project system

For facilitating the management of Residual Value Risk (RVR) in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects, an ontology-based model is established to describe the generation process and complex relationships of RVR. An ontology-based approach is proposed to analyze the RVR in PPPs, which is a framework addressing the vulnerability and a knowledge-based modeling for RVR management. The RVR ontology model is composed of class of Project, Risk, and Vulnerability, as well as taxonomy of risk factors for risk sources (RS), risk events (RE), risk consequences (RC), exposure (V1), resilience (V2) and sensitivity (V3). Meanwhile, different relationships among taxonomies, classes and individuals are expressed in model. Moreover, the object properties for class project and the object properties of inherited/non-inherited relationships are defined. Meanwhile, project-based, risk-based, and vulnerability-based datatype property are further described. Then a real individual is established by using the ontology editing software Protégé. The proposed RVR ontology model can be used to visualize and manipulate various representations in RVR management as well as to implement the work of risk reasoning and analyzing. The proposed RVR ontology framework provides a useful framework to systematize different knowledge of RVRs in PPP projects, in which the related knowledge can be described clearly and effectively. Moreover, the proposed framework can enhance data process function and improve the analysis of RVR probability and vulnerability in PPP projects through sharedness and transferability of RVR knowledge provided by ontology-based RVR model for different stakeholders in PPP projects.     

基于本体的数字卡通项目知识共享与维护

针对数字卡通项目开发过程中知识管理和共享所面临的难题,提出了一种基于本体的数字卡通项目知识共享和维护解决方案。探讨了如何构造面向数字卡通项目管理的本体COPMO,给出了一种基于本体的知识共享和推送框架CKSF,并且研究了COPMO本体的演化和维护问题。     

本体变化管理技术研究综述

语义Web是一个动态变化的环境,作为其基础的本体也需要及时适应环境的变化而进行改进。本文首先对本体变化和本体变化管理的概念进行了分析,将本体变化管理划分为三个部分：本体变化发现、本体变化处理和本体变化结果传播。以这个划分为基础,分别对本体进化、本体版本机制、多版本推理和不一致推理等与本体变化管理相关的技术进行了具体的阐述,并采用一致的标准对这些研究进行了分类比较。还说明了与本体变化管理相关的研究内容。     

A holistic approach to collaborative ontology development based on change management

This paper describes our methodological and technological approach for collaborative ontology development in inter-organizational settings. It is based on the formalization of the collaborative ontology development process by means of an explicit editorial workflow, which coordinates proposals for changes among ontology editors in a flexible manner. This approach is supported by new models, methods and strategies for ontology change management in distributed environments: we propose a new form of ontology change representation, organized in layers so as to provide as much independence as possible from the underlying ontology languages, together with methods and strategies for their manipulation, version management, capture, storage and maintenance, some of which are based on existing proposals in the state of the art. Moreover, we propose a set of change propagation strategies that allow keeping distributed copies of the same ontology synchronized. Finally, we illustrate and evaluate our approach with a test case in the fishery domain from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). The preliminary results obtained from our evaluation suggest positive indication on the practical value and usability of the work here presented.     

Knowledge graph embeddings for dealing with concept drift in machine learning

Data stream learning has been largely studied for extracting knowledge structures from continuous and rapid data records. As data is evolving on a temporal basis, its underlying knowledge is subject to many challenges. Concept drift,¹ as one of core challenge from the stream learning community, is described as changes of statistical properties of the data over time, causing most of machine learning models to be less accurate as changes over time are in unforeseen ways. This is particularly problematic as the evolution of data could derive to dramatic change in knowledge. We address this problem by studying the semantic representation of data streams in the Semantic Web, i.e., ontology streams. Such streams are ordered sequences of data annotated with ontological vocabulary. In particular we exploit three levels of knowledge encoded in ontology streams to deal with concept drifts: i) existence of novel knowledge gained from stream dynamics, ii) significance of knowledge change and evolution, and iii) (in)consistency of knowledge evolution. Such knowledge is encoded as knowledge graph embeddings through a combination of novel representations: entailment vectors, entailment weights, and a consistency vector. We illustrate our approach on classification tasks of supervised learning. Key contributions of the study include: (i) an effective knowledge graph embedding approach for stream ontologies, and (ii) a generic consistent prediction framework with integrated knowledge graph embeddings for dealing with concept drifts. The experiments have shown that our approach provides accurate predictions towards air quality in Beijing and bus delay in Dublin with real world ontology streams.     

A risk management ontology for Quality-by-Design based on a new development approach according GAMP 5.0

A new approach to the development of a risk management ontology is presented. This method meets the requirements of a pharmaceutical Quality by Design approach, good manufacturing practice and good automated manufacturing practice. The need for a risk management ontology for a pharmaceutical environment is demonstrated, and the term “ontology” is generally defined and described with regard to the knowledge domain of quality risk management.To fulfill software development requirements defined by good manufacturing practice regulations and good automated manufacturing practice 5.0 for the novel development approach, we used a V-model as a process model, which is discussed in detail. The development steps for the new risk management ontology, such as requirement specification, conceptualization, formalization, implementation and validation approach, are elaborated.     

基于本体的企业网络知识管理系统的构建与实现

提出了运用本体构造企业网络知识管理系统模型的方法。本方法克服了原有相关系统存在的固有不足,从面向对象的角度探讨了构造企业网络知识管理系统的可能性。以此为基础,重点讨论了基于本体的企业网络知识管理系统构建方法。最后设计了一个企业网络知识管理实验系统,并给出了具体实例。     

面向高速公路网知识管理的SUMO扩展本体

针对我国高速公路网交通领域知识的不一致理解问题,通过扩展推荐上层合并本体SUMO设计了面向高速公路网领域知识管理的SFNO本体,包含SFNO基础和SFNO核心两个部分,前者定义了共享概念及关系,后者分单元建立了高速公路网交通领域知识结构的语义视图。通过SFNO本体的实例化案例分析了该本体对高速公路网交通领域知识的一致化表达方式,表明该本体有助于消除我国高速公路网内不同部门、不同系统对领域知识的二义性理解,从而更好地支撑知识管理和信息集成等上层应用。     

本体映射中一种改进的概念相似度计算方法

本体映射是实现不同本体之间共享和交流的基础性工作。目前本体映射方法研究的重点主要集中在以自动化或半自动化方式实现映射和提高概念相似度计算的精度。本体映射的关键是不同本体概念间相似度的计算,单一的概念相似度计算方法往往不利于提高相似度的精度。针对以上不足提出了一种改进的概念相似度计算方法,并对其进行详细的描述,其中属性语义相似度计算方法改进了现有的基于属性计算语义相似度的方法,综合了数据类型属性和对象类型属性的语义相似度。经实例验证该方法有效且具有较高的精度。     

Ontology-based facility data model for energy management

Context: Definition of a comprehensive facility data model is a prerequisite for providing more advanced energy management systems capable of tackling the underlying heterogeneity of complex infrastructures, thus providing more flexible data interpretation and event management, advanced communication and control system capabilities. Objective: This paper proposes one of the possible implementations of a facility data model utilizing the concept of ontology as part of the contemporary Semantic Web paradigm. Method: The proposed facility ontology model was defined and developed to model all the static knowledge (such as technical vendor data, proprietary data types, and communication protocols) related to the significant energy consumers of the target infrastructure. Furthermore, this paper describes the overall methodology and how the common semantics offered by the ontology were utilized to improve the interoperability and energy management of complex infrastructures. Initially, a core facility ontology, which represents the generic facility model providing the general concepts behind the modelling, was defined. Results: In order to develop a full-blown model of the specific facility infrastructure, Malpensa and Fiumicino airports in Italy were taken as a test-bed platform in order to develop the airport ontology owing to the variety of the technical systems installed at the site. For the development of the airport ontology, the core facility ontology was first extended and then populated to reflect the actual state of the target airport facility. Conclusion: The developed ontology was tested in the environment of the two pilots, and the proposed solution proved to be a valuable link between separate ICT systems involving equipment from various vendors, both on syntax and semantic level, thus offering the facility managers the ability to retrieve high-level information regarding the performance of significant energy consumers.     

基于MAS的本体在企业知识管理中的应用研究

在企业通过各种手段获得知识积累后,如何与其他的战略伙伴进行有效的共享是当前企业知识管理的一大难题。引入了基于多Agent系统（MAS）的本体概念,采用框架系统对客观存在的概念、关系和规则进行描述,对企业联盟中不同企业间的术语进行统一的定义,使其能够被机器理解,从而消除机器交互时所产生的歧义,充分发挥Agent主动性、协作性等特征,实现企业之间的本体交互,达到知识共享的目标。     

Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution

As ontology development becomes a more ubiquitous and collaborative process, ontology versioning and evolution becomes an important area of ontology research. The many similarities between database-schema evolution and ontology evolution will allow us to build on the extensive research in schema evolution. However, there are also important differences between database schemas and ontologies. The differences stem from different usage paradigms, the presence of explicit semantics and different knowledge models. A lot of problems that existed only in theory in database research come to the forefront as practical problems in ontology evolution. These differences have important implications for the development of ontology-evolution frameworks: The traditional distinction between versioning and evolution is not applicable to ontologies. There are several dimensions along which compatibility between versions must be considered. The set of change operations for ontologies is different. We must develop automatic techniques for finding similarities and differences between versions.     

A formally specified ontology management API as a registry for ubiquitous computing systems

Recently, several standards have emerged for ontology markup languages that can be used to formalize all kinds of knowledge. However, there are no widely accepted standards yet that define APIs to manage ontological data. Processing ontological information still suffers from the heterogeneity imposed by the plethora of available ontology management systems. Moreover, ubiquitous computing environments usually comprise software components written in a variety of different programming languages, which makes it particularly difficult to establish a common ontology management API with programming language agnostic semantics. We implemented an ontological Knowledge Base Server, which can expose the functionality of arbitrary off-the-shelf ontology management systems via a formally specified and well defined API. A case study was carried out in order to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to use a formally specified ontology management API to implement a registry for ubiquitous computing systems.     

利用本体云影模型的本体进化进程

整个Web环境,本体之间存在复杂的交互关系,构成了本体进化的社会环境。在非集中、分布式环境中,成功的本体应用需要加强对本体改变的管理和本体的进化。文章基于本体云影模型提出了一种本体进化进程COEP,COEP包含复杂的操作,使用本体云影模型的操作和定义,不仅是一个技术过程,还是一个管理过程,充分考虑了群体性、社会性,其方法重视本体之间的关系,其过程比现有的本体进化进程丰富,具有很好的应用前景。     

Supply chain management ontology from an ontology engineering perspective

Knowledge sharing and reuse are important factors affecting the performance of supply chains. These factors can be amplified in information systems by supply chain management (SCM) ontology. The literature provides various SCM ontologies for a range of industries and tasks. Although many studies make claims of the benefits of SCM ontology, it is unclear to what degree the development of these ontologies is informed by research outcomes from the ontology engineering field. This field has produced a set of specific engineering techniques, which are supposed to help developing quality ontologies. This article reports a study that assesses the adoption of ontology engineering techniques in 16 SCM ontologies. Based on these findings, several implications for research as well as SCM ontology adoption are articulated.     

A hybrid ontology approach for integration of obsolescence information

Information sharing among distributed obsolescence management systems is a challenge because of the heterogeneity of data (data with different forms and representations). Indeed, this is the main hurdle that exists for current tools managing product obsolescence. This paper presents a hybrid ontology approach for the integration of obsolescence information that combines a global ontology that provides a shared vocabulary for the specification of the semantics of obsolescence domain knowledge, along with local ontologies that describe structures of multiple data sources distributed in various obsolescence management tools. A procedure is provided for mapping local ontologies to the global ontology by quantifying relationships between classes and identifying groups of classes with a clustering method. Ontologies and rules of identifying relationships are realized with OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). With the application of the hybrid ontology approach, a unified view of data is provided to support decision making for efficient obsolescence management and a structure where new sources of information can be easily added with little modification in the future.     

基于本体集成的资源共享平台

资源共享是许多数据整合项目需要完成的首要任务。本体作为知识共享的有力工具，近来被广泛应用于数据整合项目中。针对共享的资源已存在各自对应本体的情况，提出了一个基于本体集成的资源共享平台实现方法。重点讨论了本体集成过程中不一致性的检查、处理问题和概念层次统一的问题，并以实际项目为例，介绍了所研究的方法如何运用于实际项目中。     

军事领域本体构建研究

在仿真系统的研究过程中,面临军事领域知识获取及不同应用之间的互操作等问题.这些难题的背后实际是技术人员和军事人员之间理解一致性和机器之间理解一致性的问题.本体是关于事物本质的模型,已被广泛应用于知识分类、表达、共享及重用等方面.首先,讨论了本体的概念并给出了领域本体构建的一套通用原则和方法.然后详细分析了军事领域本体所包含的各方面知识元素,包括作战单元类、单元之间的关系、交战行为、交战规则、武器装备、作战计划等,并分别给出了它们的简单表示结构.最后概要讨论了多个本体合并时的本体检验问题.标准化的军事知识表示结构可以为技术人员和军事人员之间的交流提供统一的认识和参照,为机器之间的互操作提供一种"语言",从而消除理解上的冲突和混乱,为作战仿真系统的开发扫清了道路.