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公路隧道火灾时人员疏散的模拟预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
隧道的疏散设计以保护人员的生命安全为首要目标.为此开发了隧道火灾时人员疏散的模拟预测模型TUNEV (tunnel evacuation) ,该模型包含了简单的火灾时人员行为数据库和隧道防火结构参数,通过定性和定量的分析计算,其结果能发现疏散设计中的不足,为人员疏散方案提供参考依据.此外,该模型还可作为辅助的消防演习工具.文章阐述了模型的有关概念,并对雪峰山隧道工程实例进行了疏散模拟,最后简述了TUNEV预测模型的验证和应用. 相似文献
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栾军 《消防技术与产品信息》2014,(1):43-45
地下商业建筑安全出口设计时会遇到很多的消防设计难题,典型的疏散难题包括疏散距离过长和疏散宽度不足。本文针对以上消防设计问题开展数值模拟研究,结果表明相对于烟气层温度,能见度对地下商业区的影响更为明显。因此对于地下商业区,必须加强防排烟设施的消防检查和火灾隐患排查工作,以保证火灾条件下人员的生命安全。 相似文献
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采用人员疏散软件,模拟火灾工况下人员安全疏散所需要的时间。采用CFD技术分别模拟计算列车中部起火和头部起火两种情况下烟气层高度、温度及浓度的变化。在此基础上,根据人员安全疏散准则,对地铁人员疏散危险性进行分析,为地铁排烟系统的合理设计和人员疏散方案的制定提供参考依据。 相似文献
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白宇甲占伟 《消防技术与产品信息》2017,(9):19-22
特大型剧场在使用功能、空间分布和建筑造型上有其独特性,人员安全疏散是消防设计的主要目标。本文以某大型剧场不同人员疏散方式为分析对象,通过相关计算公式,得出不同方式下人员从火灾发生到疏散至安全区域所需要的实际时间,从而提出特大型剧场人员疏散的方式和消防安全设计的关键点。 相似文献
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依据调查及规范的要求确定西安民乐园万达广场内人员的类型、数量、尺寸、疏散速度等,分两个场景以EVAC-NET4模拟疏散。计算火灾探测时间及人员响应时间,得到各部分人员的所需疏散时间。经模拟分析,电影院及步行街可满足人员安全疏散的要求。提出控制避难空间容纳人数指标、不得占用亚安全区的避难空间、亚安全区应急照明供电时间不应小于1.5h等强化措施。 相似文献
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某超市人群疏散计算机模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对某大型超市的实际建筑结构以及人员分布情况,利用MultiGo安全疏散软件针对900、1 600、2 000三种疏散人数,模拟疏散情况.结果表明,该超市应以1 600人作为疏散预警点.以1 600人的情况为例分析人员疏散过程,提出相应的改进措施,如撤销紧急出口前的货架,增设通道和出口等,并对改进方案进行模拟分析,根据模拟结果提出超市人员疏散建议. 相似文献
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某大型医院人员疏散计算模拟 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
大型医院内人员组成较为复杂,分析了不同区域的疏散人数以及不同人员种类的疏散速度,利用商业软件SIMULEX对不同速度以及人员速度分配情景下的疏散情况进行计算机模拟,为类似的计算模拟提供了方法. 相似文献
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Due to the growing number of emergency accidents occurring around students,evacuation issues have become significantly important for both school officials and architects. Simply following construction codes cannot ensure that a building's layout is suitable for evacuation behaviors; therefore, to discover the suitable planning schemes, we have introduced an agent-based simulation model via Netlogo to investigate the interrelationships between evacuation efficiency and classroom layouts. Before conducting modeling experiments, both the simulation structure and the sensitivity to its parameter settings are examined by validation research and sensitivity analysis. Furthermore,to demonstrate the importance of conducting fire drills with students, two differen ttypes of behavior rules are designed to reflect the distinctive characteristics of students evacuating without instructions and students evacuating in good order.The general comparison results show us that the classroom layout with two exits shortens students' evacuation time, and the premeditated behavior rules, meaning that students who follow preset instructions to arrange their activities, not only escape faster but also have some advantages in ensuring their safety during the evacuation process. Moreover, at the end of this paper, several methods of improving this simulation model are proposed for more complex research in the future. 相似文献
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总结地铁火灾特点和地铁火灾中人的心理对人员疏散行为的影响,分析从火灾发生到疏散结束各时间段的疏散行为,着重讨论人员疏散行动的应急预案,揭示地铁火灾人员心理特征的疏散技术和方法,为科学防灾、减灾提出对策. 相似文献
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The movement of occupants is a key element in the development of evacuation models, which estimate the required evacuation time to reach an exit. The deterioration of environmental conditions influences occupants to adopt new responses. This study investigates crawling movement as a physical response to environmental conditions during a fire. The study investigates occupant crawling speed compared with walking speed, and the effect of occupant characteristics; gender and body composition (BMI), on crawling during an evacuation. Eighteen subjects (nine males and nine females) within the 19–29 age stratum participated in the study (normal, overweight, and obese body composition). The findings indicate a statistical significance between normal walking and crawling speeds. Further, the study statistically demonstrates that both gender and body composition significantly impact individual crawling speed as they are unique individual characteristics. More research is needed to better understand the effect of age group, mobility capabilities, and fatigue on crawling speed. The study concludes that the development of crawling data and its representation in evacuation models will enhance the accuracy of evacuation models, and better evaluate the safety of evacuees. 相似文献