γ-TiAl合金的空蚀行为

利用超声振动空蚀试验设备研究了具有单相γ-TiAl组织的Ti-50Al合金的空蚀行为，借助于SEM分析了其空蚀表面，并用洛氏硬度仪模拟空蚀过程中微射流所产生的局部载荷对Ti-50Al合金的作用，测量了其在加载过程中的变形能。结果表明：Ti-50Al合金具有优异的抗空蚀性能，空蚀26h后的累积体积损失量仅为0．926mm^3。该合金优异的抗空蚀性能归因于其在局部载荷作用下有较高的变形能和加工硬化能力。Ti-50Al合金的空蚀是由于晶界阻碍变形,造成应力集中，使裂纹沿晶界形成，导致材料沿晶剥落。     

锆基大块非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用电化学方法研究了3种锆基大块非晶合金Zr60Al15Ni25、Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15和Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5在1%、3.5%和10%（wt.%）NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.极化曲线的测试结果表明,在相同浓度NaCl溶液中Zr60Al15Ni25合金表面形成相对稳定的钝化膜,表现出较好的耐腐蚀能力.元素Cu和Be的添加,降低了合金Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5和Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15在NaCl溶液中的钝化能力,增加了点蚀的敏感性.失重法研究结果表明3种合金腐蚀速率的大小顺序依次为Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15〉Zr52.5Al10Ni10Cu15Be12.5〉Zr60Al15Ni25.利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能量散射X射线谱（EDS）分析了极化后的合金表面,结果表明点蚀孔内部Zr、Al、Ni的选择性溶解和Cu在钝化膜下的富集导致了合金的耐腐蚀性能降低.     

正火处理对Cu-A1-Be-B合金阻尼性能和断裂特征的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等手段 ,研究了正火处理对Cu Al Be B合金组织、相结构及阻尼和力学性能的影响 ,并原位观察拉伸应力作用下裂纹的萌生和扩展过程。研究结果表明 ,Cu Al Be B合金具有较高的阻尼性能 (S D C =17%～ 19% ) ,正火处理可抑制α相的析出 ,并减少γ1′的混杂程度 ,从而进一步提高阻尼能力。各向弹性异性和相变应变差引起的晶界集中应力 ,导致Cu A1 Be B合金在拉伸条件下发生晶间断裂。正火处理不但纯净晶界 ,形成马氏体共格晶界 ,而且减小晶内γ1′马氏体与 β1′马氏体的混合程度 ,有利于减少晶界应力集中和可能萌生的晶界裂纹源 ,从而有效改善合金的塑性和强度。     

Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了不同Yb含量的2519A铝合金试样,通过硬度测试、力学性能测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜等分析方法研究了稀土Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在2519A铝合金中添加0.2%Yb(质量分数)时,Yb与Al,Cu,Fe和Mn形成稀土相,合金内粗大Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相数量减少,含Yb第二相粒子化学活泼性低于Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相。适量的Yb能细化合金的时效强化相,使其析出密度增加,阻止θ(Al2Cu)相在晶界上连续析出,减小晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度,使晶界析出相变成非连续分布,从而改善了合金的剥落腐蚀抗力。当Yb含量进一步增加时,合金力学性能及抗剥蚀性能下降。     

常用铜合金熔炼工艺

一、常用的铜合金牌号和应用范围常用的铜合金牌号极多,但根据使用性能归纳简化以后,大致有以下几种。常用的锡青铜合金有:ZQSn10—2,ZQSn6—6—3, ZQSn3—7—5—1以及磷青铜 ZQSn10—1等。常用的无锡青铜有: ZQA19—4,ZQA19—2, ZQAl10—4—4以及 ZQAl 10—3—1．5等。常用的黄铜有:ZHSi80—3,ZHNi56—3． ZHMn58—2, ZHAl66—6—3—2和ZHMn55—3—1等。还有焊条,推荐用 ZHSi 59—1—0．3。     

Ti3Al基合金的弹性变形能与空蚀

利用旋转圆盘装置研究了Ti3Al基合金Ti-24A1-15Nb-1Mo的空蚀行为，并用洛氏硬度仪模拟空蚀过程中微射流所产生的局部载荷对Ti-24A1-15Nb-1Mo合金的作用，测量了压头加载过程中该合金吸收的总能量和弹性变形能(选择我国水利机械常用0Cr13Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢作对比材料)。结果表明：Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金的抗空蚀性能优于0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢，空蚀40h后前者的累积体积损失量仅为0．551mm^3，而后者的累积体积损失量达到2．615mm^3；在局部载荷作用下，Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金不仅有较高的加工硬化能力，而且有较好的弹性性能；在压痕试验中其弹性变形能在总变形能量中所占比例达到1／3。这些性能特点使Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金在空蚀过程中能吸收和释放较多的冲击能量，延缓裂纹形成，减少体积损失，呈现良好的抗空蚀性能。     

组织及相结构对Cu-Al-Be-B形状记忆合金阻尼与力学性能的影响

研究了Cu Al Be B形状记忆合金的成分、微观组织和相结构与阻尼和力学性能的关系 ,通过扫描电镜原位观察合金在单向拉伸应力作用下裂纹萌生和扩展的特征。结果表明 :应力诱发马氏体变体的转变使Cu Al Be B合金具有较高的阻尼性能 ;弹性各向异性和相变应变差引发晶界应力集中 ,导致合金在拉伸条件下发生晶间断裂 ;18R与 2H马氏体混合程度大时 ,会增加相变应变差引起的晶界应力集中和可能萌生的晶界裂纹源 ,大大减小合金的塑性和强度。     

两种铁基形状记忆合金抗空蚀性能比较

对Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu和Fe-20Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu两种Fe基形状记忆合金进行了超声波振动空蚀试验，结果表明，两种合金都具有优良的抗空蚀性能，比较而言，Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu合金的抗空蚀性能优于Fe-20Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu合金。在局部载荷作用下可吸收较多弹性变形能及在空蚀过程中有较高应变诱发马氏体相变能是前者抗空蚀性能优于后者的主要原因。     

海外文献速报

20 0 3 0 60 1　HeibergG ,NogitaK ,BaanesMetal.亚共晶Al Si合金中Mg ,Fe ,Cu对共晶凝固的影响 .Giesserei Praxis ,2 0 0 2 ( 12 ) :43 9～ 44 7A3 5 6及A3 19类亚共晶Al Si铸造合金 ,具有较高的工业使用价值。该类合金大多数用于汽车制造中的重要构件如轮毂等 ,既有高的力学性能也有良好的铸造性能。试验用的合金成分中 ,除亚共晶Al Si合金外 ,还对Al Si Mg合金中Mg的质量分数增加到 0 .6% ,及Al Si Cu合金中的Cu的质量分数增加到3 .15 %作了试验。在 3 5 6合金中Fe的质量分数 0 .0 7% ,Mg的质量分数为 0 .3 5 % ,Cu的质量…     

海外文献速报

20 0 3 0 5 0 1　庄雅杰 ,李胜隆 ,林景崎等 .Cu/Mg比与热处理对Al 4.6Cu Mg Ag合金力学性能与应力腐蚀影响 .铸造工程学刊 ,2 0 0 3 ,2 9( 2 ) :1～ 11探讨Al Cu Mg Ag合金中 ,不同Cu/Mg比与热处理对其抗腐蚀性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、EPMA、电导仪、DSC、TEM等来探讨材料微观结构变化 ,进而利用微观结构来说明应力腐蚀性质改变。由试验结果可知 ,随着Cu/Mg比的降低 (或Mg含量的增加 ) ,Ω相成为主要强化相 ,晶界析出物分布细密 ,时效处理后 ,相对电导率、硬度与抗拉强度等性能均会升高 ,但也造成晶界处阳极溶解效应越趋严重 …     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。