地质聚合物及其在尾矿治理方面的研究进展

地质聚合物是一种以铝硅酸盐固体为主要原料,碱液为激发剂,硅酸钠为结构模板剂制作而成的无机非金属材料。作为一种新型的无机非金属材料,地质聚合物有着广阔的应用前景,但目前学界对其合成机理及其在工业固体废料处理方面的研究却很少。本文介绍了地质聚合反应的机理及过程,简述了地质聚合反应的影响因素,总结了地质聚合物的制备方法及特点。此外,对地质聚合物在尾矿治理方面的研究及应用进行了综述,并展望了其发展前景。     

地质聚合物凝结硬化及其调节技术的研究进展

地质聚合物(Geopolymer)是一类由活性铝硅酸盐矿物在碱激发作用下形成的非传统胶凝材料,具有高强、耐久、绿色环保等特点.但地质聚合物原材料和碱性激发剂的多样性使其水化机理异常复杂,凝结硬化性质不确定性增加,且受环境温度变化影响大.因原材料及制备工艺不同,地质聚合物凝结硬化特性可能走向两个极端:(1)凝结硬化过快,难以施工;(2)长时间不凝结硬化,早期强度发展慢.通过合理有效的方法将其凝结时间调控至适合范围,是实际工程应用中亟需解决的关键问题.本文分别阐述了高钙、低钙和无钙体系下地质聚合物的凝结硬化机理,详细分析了铝硅酸盐原料细度、活性及CaO含量,激发剂的类型、掺量以及环境温度等因素对地质聚合物凝结时间的影响,概括总结了调节地质聚合物凝结时间的技术方法,并分析了其作用机理,以期为地质聚合物的应用研究提供技术支持.     

新型地质聚合物胶凝材料

介绍了新型地质聚合物胶凝材料的研究起源、材料结构、材料合成机理和材料性能,综述了当前国际上地质聚合物材料研究的现状、推广应用的情况及亟需解决的问题.对比国外的发展,我国应大力加强在这一领域的研究和开发.     

地质聚合物在有机-无机杂化材料中的应用研究进展

有机-无机杂化材料实现了有机材料和无机材料纳米或分子级的复合,且兼备有机物和无机物各自的优点。地质聚合物是一种新型的高性能环保无机聚合物材料,因其特殊的网状结构,使其具有优良的力学性能,但其韧性差,使其应用受限。综述了地质聚合物在有机-无机杂化材料中应用的研究现状,并指出其在杂化材料领域中应用存在的问题及发展方向。     

早期外加电场下激发剂对粉煤灰地质聚合物性能的影响

以粉煤灰为原料,水玻璃和氢氧化钠为激发剂制备粉煤灰地质聚合物.研究了早期外加电场下激发剂和外加电压对粉煤灰地质聚合物试样表面温度、抗压强度的影响,分析了其矿物组成的变化.研究结果表明:早期外加电场下,氢氧化钠和钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰地质聚合物试样的抗压强度均比未加电场时提高,外加电压增加可以显著提高材料的表面温度和抗压强度...     

地质聚合物——21世纪的绿色胶凝材料

1地质聚合物的概念地质聚合物(Geopolymer)的概念在上个世纪70年代末首先由J.Davidovits提出[1,2]。该材料是近年来新发展起来的、有可能在许多场合代替水泥,并有着比水泥更优异性能的新型材料。其英文的同义词还有MineralPolymer,GeopolymericMaterials,AluminosilicatePolymer,InorganicPoly-mericMaterials等。中国地质大学的马鸿文教授建议将其译为“矿物聚合材料”[3]。鉴于在国外Geopolymer一词使用最为广泛和我国早期介绍该材料的一些学者[4]已将其称为“地质聚合物”,本文建议我国使用“地质聚合物”一词作为该材料的正式中文…     

多孔地质聚合物复合材料研究进展

多孔地质聚合物由于制备工艺简单、耐高温、力学性能优异、隔热性能极佳等优势被广泛应用于诸多行业，近十年来已成为最具研究前景的无机多孔材料之一。为了进一步提高、优化多孔地质聚合物的性能或赋予其新的功能，人们对多孔地质聚合物复合材料的开发和应用付出了巨大的努力。综述了目前多孔地质聚合物复合材料制备方法(包埋轻质/多孔填料、直接发泡、增材制造等)领域的最新进展，并从吸附性能、热稳定性能、机械性能三方面介绍了多孔地质聚合物复合材料的相关应用，旨在促进开发新型地质聚合物复合材料的制备路线，并扩大其在相关领域的应用。     

微纳米材料改性地质聚合物的研究进展

地质聚合物作为新兴的绿色环保、低能耗胶凝材料,具有早期强度高、耐酸碱等优异性能,但脆性大、韧性差等缺陷影响其推广应用;在地质聚合物中掺入微纳米材料可以有效地改善地质聚合物的性能,提高其韧性。微纳米材料在地质聚合物中均匀分散是保证改性后地质聚合物具有优良性能的关键,为此,可在掺入过程中采用外力的方法进行分散,也可对微纳米材料进行表面改性来提高其分散性能,且表面改性后的微纳米材料能够更好地与地质聚合物基体结合。本文综述了纳米颗粒(如纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛)、碳纳米管、石墨烯、微米颗粒(如粉煤灰微球、硅灰)、微米纤维(如碳化硅晶须)等微纳米材料对地质聚合物的改性研究成果,总结了常见微纳米材料改性地质聚合物的分散方法及作用机理。其分散方法包括机械搅拌、超声分散和分散剂表面修饰。微纳米材料对地质聚合物的作用机理主要有填充作用、成核作用和桥接作用。微纳米材料能够填充地质聚合物的孔隙和裂缝,改善地质聚合物的孔结构;微纳米材料能够作为成核位点加速地质聚合物的缩聚过程,改善地质聚合物的微观结构与宏观性能;纤维状的微纳米材料具有桥接作用,可阻止裂缝的生成及扩展。此外,对于表面有基团(如羟基、羧基等)的...     

高延性地质聚合物复合材料性能及微结构研究进展

基于桥联法则理论、经微观力学设计而成的高延性水泥基复合材料(HDCC)以其拉伸荷载下具有的多缝开裂和应变硬化性能而优于普通混凝土，然则其发展仍受制于高制备成本及碳排放。近10年来，绿色经济性地质聚合物/碱激发材料与纤维复合增韧的高延性复合材料(HDGC)得到研究与发展。本文在概述地质聚合物/碱激发材料反应机理及HDCC材料设计理论的基础上，主要综述了HDGC基本性能与微结构的已有最新研究进展。研究表明，制备HDGC具有可行性且制备的HDGC表现出高延性复合材料所具备的力学响应特点，包括压缩、拉伸应变硬化、界面微观力学、弯曲、抗冲击性能等。然而，受材料组成复杂等因素影响，HDGC力学和微结构依赖于地质聚合物/碱激发材料基体化学性质的改变。HDGC同时具有更小的裂缝宽度而利于材料自修复、较大收缩值以及潜在的良好耐久性。此外，基于有限研究，对比了HDGC与HDCC的相似与差异，以期更好地了解地质聚合物/碱激发材料被用作HDCC替代品时应注意的条件。最后进一步对HDGC存在的问题和研究方向做出了总结与展望。     

多孔地质聚合物保温材料研究进展

为拓展地质聚合物功能化应用,并满足建筑节能对高性能无机保温材料的迫切需求,多孔地质聚合物因具有一系列优异性能而可望成为建筑保温领域的新选择.综述了多孔地质聚合物浆体流变性能调控、孔结构分级表征和孔结构参数与导热系数关系模型等方面的研究现状,分析了多孔地质聚合物发展面临的挑战,并展望了开发高性能多孔地质聚合物需要进一步研究的问题.     

Bond strength of PCC pavement repairs using metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar

In order to use geopolymer mortar as a pavement repair material, a splitting test and a slant shear test are performed to characterize the bond strength of the geopolymer and conventional cement mortar interfaces. Effect of curing time, degradation of the cement mortar under different acid conditions on the bond strength of geopolymer with conventional cement mortar, and comparison of the metakaolin geopolymer with other pavement repair materials are analyzed. It was found that curing time affects the interface bond strength greatly. Metakaolin geopolymer reaches 80% of its 28 day strength in 3 days curing, but shows low strength in 24 h curing. Curing temperature affects the strength of metakaolin geopolymer, however metakaolin geopolymer cured in ambient temperature and the bond strength of 3 days curing through splitting and slant shear tests reaches 3.63 MPa and 16.32 MPa, respectively. Degradation of cement mortar negatively affects the bond strength of geopolymer and conventional cement mortar. Possibility of using metakaolin geopolymer as a repair material is discussed by comparison of this experimental result with these of other repair materials.     

粉煤灰基矿聚材料骨料混合物的力学性能和耐久性

目前的研究表明,粉煤灰基矿聚材料骨料混合物在很多方面突现出比水泥更好的性能.该材料拟在水布垭面板堆石坝中应用,迫切需要对其力学性能及长期耐久性进行深入研究,为工程应用提供依据.本文主要采用三种胶凝材料用量的配合比,即100%矿聚材料、60%矿聚材料 40%水泥、100%水泥,通过立方体抗压、轴心抗拉、绝热温升、抗渗性、快速冻融等试验对比研究粉煤灰基矿聚材料骨料混合物的力学性能和耐久性,试图找出用于工程的最佳配比.结果表明,粉煤灰基矿聚材料骨料混合物和水泥混凝土相比,立方体抗压强度较大,轴心抗拉强度相近,绝热温升较小,抗渗性能较好,抗冻性能较差.     

Bond strength of reinforcing steel embedded in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an emerging construction material that uses a by-product material such as fly ash as a complete substitute for cement. This paper evaluates the bond strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with reinforcing steel. Pull-out test in accordance with the ASTM A944 Standard was carried out on 24 geopolymer concrete and 24 ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete beam-end specimens, and the bond strengths of the two types of concrete were compared. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete varied from 25 to 39 MPa. The other test parameters were concrete cover and bar diameter. The reinforcing steel was 20 mm and 24 mm diameter 500 MPa steel deformed bars. The concrete cover to bar diameter ratio varied from 1.71 to 3.62. Failure occurred with the splitting of concrete in the region bonded with the steel bar, in both geopolymer and OPC concrete specimens. Comparison of the test results shows that geopolymer concrete has higher bond strength than OPC concrete. This is because of the higher splitting tensile strength of geopolymer concrete than of OPC concrete of the same compressive strength. A comparison between the splitting tensile strengths of OPC and geopolymer concrete of compressive strengths ranging from 25 to 89 MPa shows that geopolymer concrete has higher splitting tensile strength than OPC concrete. This suggests that the existing analytical expressions for bond strength of OPC concrete can be conservatively used for calculation of bond strength of geopolymer concrete with reinforcing steel.     

Effect of fire exposure on cracking,spalling and residual strength of fly ash geopolymer concrete

Fly ash based geopolymer is an emerging alternative binder to cement for making concrete. The cracking, spalling and residual strength behaviours of geopolymer concrete were studied in order to understand its fire endurance, which is essential for its use as a building material. Fly ash based geopolymer and ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete cylinder specimens were exposed to fires at different temperatures up to 1000 °C, with a heating rate of that given in the International Standards Organization (ISO) 834 standard. Compressive strength of the concretes varied in the range of 39–58 MPa. After the fire exposures, the geopolymer concrete specimens were found to suffer less damage in terms of cracking than the OPC concrete specimens. The OPC concrete cylinders suffered severe spalling for 800 and 1000 °C exposures, while there was no spalling in the geopolymer concrete specimens. The geopolymer concrete specimens generally retained higher strength than the OPC concrete specimens. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of geopolymer concrete showed continued densification of the microstructure with the increase of fire temperature. The strength loss in the geopolymer concrete specimens was mainly because of the difference between the thermal expansions of geopolymer matrix and the aggregates.     

污泥-高钙煤系废物制备地聚合物的技术与性能

鉴于地聚合物是一种低碳排放且能源、资源消耗较少的新型胶凝材料,其制备技术倍受关注。采用热活化污泥和高钙煤系废物制备地聚合物,并与采用高钙粉煤灰和矸石制备地聚合物的反应机制与性能进行了对比分析,确定了制备污泥-高钙煤系废物地聚合物的最佳工艺参数。采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA及FTIR等对制备的地聚合物的原料组成和性能进行了深入分析。研究表明: 经900℃焙烧45 min掺量为40%(＜50 μm)热活化污泥-煤系废物制备的地聚合物具有较好的抗压强度。无定形地聚合物胶凝包裹在球状粉煤灰颗粒周围,有类沸石矿物生成,Al—O/Si—O对称伸缩峰及Si—O—Si/Si—O—Al弯曲振动峰明显。     

Analysis of geopolymer concrete columns

Ordinary portland cement (OPC) has been traditionally used as the binding agent in concrete. However, it is also necessary to search for alternative low-emission binding agents for concrete to reduce the environmental impact caused by manufacturing of cement. Geopolymer, also known as inorganic polymer, is one such material that uses by-product material such as fly ash instead of cement. Recent research has shown that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has suitable properties for its use as a construction material. Since the strength development mechanism of geopolymer is different from that of OPC binder, it is necessary to obtain a suitable constitutive model for geopolymer concrete to predict the load–deflection behaviour and strength of geopolymer concrete structural members. This article has investigated the suitability of using an existing stress–strain model originally proposed by Popovics for OPC concrete. It is found that the equation of Popovics can be used for geopolymer concrete with minor modification to the expression for the curve fitting factor, to better fit with the post-peak parts of the experimental stress–strain curves. The slightly modified set of stress–strain equations was then used in a non-linear analysis for reinforced concrete columns. A good correlation is achieved between the predicted and measured ultimate loads, load–deflection curves and deflected shapes for 12 slender test columns.     

无机矿物聚合物混凝土收缩性能的研究

通过混凝土收缩试验,研究了水玻璃掺量、水玻璃模数、液固比、胶凝材料用量等因素对无机矿物聚合物混凝土收缩性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着水玻璃模数的增加,无机矿物聚合物混凝土的收缩呈现先降低后增加的趋势;而增加水玻璃掺量、降低液固比和胶凝材料用量均能降低混凝土的收缩.     

Sustainable utilization of pre-treated and nano fly ash powder for the development of durable geopolymer mortars

Developments in geopolymer construction are gaining more interest nowadays due to the elimination of cement and the consequent effects such as carbon dioxide emission, greenhouse effect, etc. Although the use of fly ash as a binder in the geopolymer system acts as a key solution for the major hazardous effects like land dumping, soil contamination, groundwater pollution, and respiratory diseases, the slow reactivity of the fly ash resulted in the considerable reduction in the strength. In this paper, a novel pretreatment method was employed on the fly ash binder in terms of thermal and mechanical means. Also, a cost-effective nano fly ash powder was synthesized and used as filler material on the geopolymer system. The efficiency of the fabricated geopolymer mortar was assessed by examining the workability, compressive strength, and resistance against chloride ion penetration. The geopolymer mortars with pre-treated fly ash exhibited a highly workable mix of 130% improved flow rate without adding any superplasticizer. Further, the addition of 1% nano fly ash, exhibited the highest compressive strength of 71.22 MPa, confirmed almost nil chloride ion permeability, and sustained 90% residual strength after immersing in the brine solution for 60 days which explored the development of sustainable and cost-effective geopolymer construction in the marine environment.     

Fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete with ambient curing for in situ applications

Geopolymer concrete is proven to have excellent engineering properties with a reduced carbon footprint. It not only reduces the greenhouse gas emissions (compared to Portland cement-based concrete) but also utilises a large amount of industrial waste materials such as fly ash and slag. Due to these positive attributes, it is becoming an increasingly popular construction material. Previous studies on geopolymer concrete report that heat curing plays an important role in gaining higher compressive strength values (as opposed to ambient curing), and hence the application of this material could be limited to precast members. Therefore, this research was aimed at investigating the effect of heat curing by comparing the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and ductility of ambient cured and heat cured geopolymer concrete samples. It is worth noting that there was marginal strength change due to heat curing. In Australia, fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete is being used in precast panels in underground constructions. Commercially available geopolymer cement and synthetic fibres are effectively being used to produce elements that are more durable than what is currently used in industry. As a result, this research investigated the effects of polypropylene fibres in geopolymer concrete using 0.05 and 0.15 % fibres (by weight). The addition of polypropylene fibres enhances the compressive strength and the ductility of geopolymer concrete.     

偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚物与花岗岩骨料界面的分布特性及影响因素

以碱激发偏高岭土-矿渣作为胶凝材料、花岗岩为骨料制备地聚物混凝土,通过扫描电镜SEM-EDS及显微硬度分析研究地聚物与骨料的界面粘结区的微观结构、分布,以及液固比和骨料尺寸对地聚物-骨料界面的影响。研究结果表明,在地聚物与骨料的界面区域存在界面过渡区(ITZ),包含了以N-A-S-H凝胶为主的固相和收缩裂缝,化学组分与地聚物凝胶有较大不同。界面过渡区沿骨料周围不同位置表现出明显的分布不均匀特性,骨料下缘处的界面过渡区的微观结构和硬度都显著更差。随着液固比及骨料半径的增大,其分布的不均匀性增加:骨料下界面ITZ中的裂缝宽度增大,N-A-S-H凝胶厚度减小且强度降低;但配比及骨料尺寸对骨料上界面及侧界面的ITZ影响并不显著。骨料下界面ITZ应是偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚物混凝土的薄弱区域。