宽带低噪声放大器单片微波集成电路

从行波放大器设计理论出发,研制了一款基于低噪声GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺设计的2~20 GHz单片微波集成电路(MMIC)宽带低噪声放大器。该款放大器由九级电路构成。为了进一步提高放大器的增益,采用了一个共源场效应管和一个共栅场效应管级联的拓扑结构,每级放大器采用自偏压技术实现单电源供电。测试结果表明,本款低噪声放大器在外加+5 V工作电压下,能够在2~20 GHz频率内实现小信号增益大于16 dB,增益平坦度小于±0.5 dB,输出P-1 dB大于14 dBm,噪声系数典型值为2.5 dB,输入和输出回波损耗均小于-15 dB,工作电流仅为63 mA,低噪声放大器芯片面积为3.1 mm×1.3 mm。     

S波段低噪声放大器的ADS仿真与设计

介绍低噪声放大器设计的理论基础,并重点介绍了低噪声放大器的主要性能指标:噪声系数、功率增益、驻波比、稳定性等。以ATF38143晶体管为例介绍了ADS仿真软件设计低噪声放大器的方法和主要步骤。采用三级级联结构设计出满足指标的S波段低噪声放大器链路。该放大器链路的指标为噪声系数小于1.2,功率增益大于50dB,增益平坦度小于0.5dB,VSWR小于1.8的低噪声放大器,带宽为6MHz,并具有一定的带外抑制能力。     

S波段低噪声放大器设计

首先分析了低噪声放大电路的稳定性,功率增益及噪声系数的影响因素及改进方法;然后设计了一个中心频率为2.45 GHz,工作带宽为100MHz的S波段低噪声放大器.仿真结果表明,该放大器的噪声系数小于1 dB,功率增益大于28 dB,增益平坦度小于1 dB,输入/输出驻波比小于2:1.通过传统的电路板制作工艺实际制作了放大器电路,测试结果和仿真结果较一致.     

宽带CMOS低噪声放大器的设计

文章主要介绍应用于集群接收机系统的350MHz～470MHz低噪声放大器,采用0.6μm CMOS工艺。探讨了优化低噪声放大器的噪声系数、增益与线性度的设计方法,同时对宽带输入输出匹配进行了分析。这种宽带低噪声放大器的工作带宽350MHz～470MHz,噪声系数小于3dB,增益为24dB,增益平坦度为±1dB,输入1dB压缩点大于-15dBm。     

S波段小型化宽带低噪声放大器的设计

采用软件计算微带平面电感,描述了一款基于薄膜工艺的小型化宽带低噪声放大器的设计和性能。测试结果表明:在2.7～3.5 GHz的频段内,低噪声放大器的噪声系数小于等于0.55 dB,增益大于等于33 dB,增益平坦度小于等于±0.1 dB;在2～4 GHz的频段内,低噪声放大器的噪声系数小于等于0.65 dB,增益大于等于33 dB,增益平坦度小于等于±0.8 dB;尺寸为6.0 mm×4.2 mm。     

一种S波段平衡式限幅低噪声放大器的设计

介绍了一种小型化平衡式限幅低噪声放大器。该放大器采用Lange桥平衡结构,在实现低噪声的同时,保证了小电压驻波比;在3.0～3.5GHz频带内,噪声系数小于1.3dB,输入输出驻波系数小于1.3,增益大于27dB,平坦度±0.6dB以内,输出1dB压缩点大于12dBm。该放大器能够承受最大5W的连续波功率输入,且大功率输入时的驻波系数小于1.3。     

毫米波高性能收发多功能芯片

利用0.15μm GaAs PHEMT工艺,研制了一款集成功率放大器和低噪声放大器的毫米波多功能单片。发射支路功率放大器采用三级放大拓扑结构,在32~36GHz内,在6V工作电压下,线性增益23dB,增益平坦度优于±0.75dB,输入/输出驻波小于1.3,饱和输出功率30dBm,功率附加效率约30%。接收支路低噪声放大器采用三级放大拓扑结构,在5V、30mA工作电压下,在32~37GHz内,线性增益23.5dB,增益平坦度优于±1dB,噪声系数小于2.5dB,1dB压缩输出功率大于6dBm。该芯片面积为3.67mm×3.13mm。     

2～4GHz MMIC低噪声放大器

采用中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所的GaAs PHEMT低噪声工艺,设计了一款2~4 GHz微波单片集成电路低噪声放大器(MMIC LNA)。该低噪声放大器采用两级级联的电路结构,第一级折中考虑了低噪声放大器的最佳噪声和最大增益,采用源极串联负反馈和输入匹配电路,实现噪声匹配和输入匹配。第二级采用串联、并联负反馈,提高电路的增益平坦度和稳定性。每一级采用自偏电路设计,实现单电源供电。MMIC芯片测试结果为:工作频率为2~4 GHz,噪声系数小于1.0 dB,增益大于27.5 dB,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于18 dBm,输入、输出回波损耗小于-10 dB,芯片面积为2.2 mm×1.2 mm。     

一种0.03～1.7 GHz超宽带低噪声放大器的设计与制作

为了降低接收机前端的噪声,设计了一种超宽带低噪声放大器。选用噪声较小、增益较高且工作电流较低的放大管,利用负反馈和宽带匹配技术,结合ADS和HFSS微波软件辅助设计,放大器在30 MHz~1700 MHz范围内,增益大于31 dB,平坦度小于±0.5 dB,噪声系数小于2.3 dB,驻波比小于1.6。     

基于反馈技术的宽带低噪声放大器的设计

介绍了宽带放大器的设计方法和负反馈技术。选用增益高、噪声小的高电子迁移率晶体管（HEMT）ATF54143,利用负反馈和宽带匹配技术,设计制作了一个高增益低噪声放大器,并借助于安捷伦公司的微波电路仿真软件ADS进行仿真和优化。测试表明,在50-300 MHz的频率范围内,低噪声放大器的增益大于22 dB,平坦度小于±0.3 dB,噪声系数小于1.25,输入驻波小于1.4,输出驻波小于1.3。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.