巨型太阳能电站

目前，世界上功率最大的太阳能电站是德国莱比锡市附近的埃斯彭海因太阳能电站。埃斯彭海因太阳能电站位于莱比锡以南30km的埃斯彭海因镇。该电站耗资2200万欧元，是由德国太阳能协会、西部基金和壳牌太阳能公司联合兴建的。整套发电装置由3．35万块太阳能电池板组成，占地面积21．6万m^2。电站功率为5MW，可为1800户住家提供生活用电。     

全球太阳能热发电容量及技术现状分析研究

对太阳能光热发电4种技术的原理、系统组成、优缺点进行分析,引入衡量太阳能热发电电站建设进度的6个状态概念,并对6个状态的特征进行简洁描述,以便对光热电站的建设进度进行划分。利用上述阶段的划分,以近期全球光热电站建设数据为基础,对全球主要国家的太阳能热发电容量及建设状态进行详细的汇总、分析及研究,得出了全球光热电站总装机容量及分布情况,并统计分析了全球光热电站技术路线分布情况;最后对美国、印度、中国等几个太阳能热发电电站建设主要国家的情况进行研究,得出结论并提出投资建议。     

大型太阳能烟囱发电站热力分析与计算

利用热力学方法建立太阳能烟囱发电系统中集热棚、烟囱及风力透平的热气流能量转换过程的理论模型及求解方法.鉴于太阳能烟囱发电站的大尺寸特征,采用一维假设建立热气流传热模型,使用龙格-库塔方法对非线性能量方程进行数值求解.对集热棚直径3 600 m,烟囱高950 m,设计功率100 MW的大型太阳能烟囱发电站进行分析与计算,给出了该电站的风力透平轴功率随质量流量和太阳辐射强度变化的规律,为风力透平机组提供热力气动设计参数,为大规模开发利用太阳能提供借鉴.     

基于小型发电机的碟式太阳能热发电技术研究进展

阐述了碟式太阳能热发电系统的发展历程和特点，介绍了碟式热发电的基本原理，着重分析了碟式热发电所涉及的关键技术，包括Stirling发电机、Brayton发电机、碟式聚光镜和受热器。通过对关键技术的分析，指出提高碟式聚光镜系统的稳定性和降低成本两个方面是当前技术开发的重点。同时提出了发展中国碟式太阳能热力发电技术所需技术开发过程的建议。     

太阳能热发电

<正>太阳能热发电是将太阳能转化为热能,是通过热功转化过程发电的技术,这种光电转换技术的电站称为太阳能热发电站。太阳能热发电按照太阳能采集方式可以分为四种类型:太阳能塔式发电、太阳能槽式发电、     

太阳能与燃煤机组混合发电系统集成方式的研究

阐述了太阳能与燃煤机组混合发电系统的3种集成方式:太阳能集热场与锅炉并联,太阳能集热场与加热器并联及太阳能集热场与锅炉、加热器二者并联.采用传统的绝对电效率、标准煤耗以及太阳能热发电效率作为经济性指标,并利用热平衡方法对混合系统的热经济性指标进行了计算.以200 MW机组热力系统为例,对3种集成方式下机组的热经济性指标进行了比较,对不同辐射强度下机组热经济性指标的变化规律进行了分析,并确定混合发电的最优集成方式.结果表明:太阳能与燃煤机组混合发电时,太阳能热发电效率高于单纯的太阳能热发电,且燃煤机组煤耗率降低;在3种集成方式中,太阳能集热场与锅炉并联时,太阳能热效率最高、节煤量最多.     

文摘与题录

1．220t／h水冷方形分离器循环流化床锅炉的性能《动力工程》2005．3，2．南山垃圾电厂燃烧系统技术特点介绍《热力发电》2005．6，3．250～300MW等级CFB锅炉分离回料系统简介《锅炉制造》2005．3，4．电站锅炉炉顶密封的结构与改进《锅炉制造》2005．3，……[编者按]     

光热发电储能技术及系统分析

介绍了储能材料、储能技术以及储能技术在太阳能热发电中的应用,分析了熔盐储能技术应用在光热发电领域的优势。通过对槽式和塔式光热电站的储能容量进行分析,得出结论:对相同储热容量而言,槽式光热电站的熔盐使用量远远大于塔式光热电站,其熔盐储热成本是塔式电站的3倍。     

基于水库大坝的水能与太阳能融合型并网发电系统研究与应用

针对中国大中型面南的水库电站大坝,向光性比较好,具备安装太阳能光伏发电系统的条件,并使得2种可再生能源融合并网发电模式具有一定的创新性.水库电站的发电系统是已建成的,增加太阳能光伏发电系统并建设融合型并网发电系统,不仅体现了投资成本低发电效益高等特点,同时具有节约国土资源、保护大坝和节能减排等社会效益.在设计和实践过程...     

槽式太阳能热发电技术发展现状与趋势

在简述太阳能热发电优势的基础上,着重阐述了槽式太阳能热发电技术的聚光镜、集热管、跟踪技术、工作介质、技术路线与方案最优化研究的要点、技术现状和发展趋势。最后对近几年建成的典型电站技术特点、太阳能光热利用途径和槽式太阳能热发电成本趋势进行了介绍。     

Does environmental regulation affect energy efficiency in China's thermal power generation? Empirical evidence from a slacks-based DEA model

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has gained much popularity in performance measurement of power industry. This paper presents a slack-based measure approach to investigating the relationship between fossil fuel consumption and the environmental regulation of China's thermal power generation. We first calculate the total-factor energy efficiency without considering environmental constraints. An environmental performance indicator is proposed through decomposing the total-factor energy efficiency. The proposed approach is then employed to examine whether environmental regulation affects the energy efficiency of China's thermal power generation. We find that the environmental efficiency plays a significant role in affecting energy performance of China's thermal generation sector. Decreasing the discharge of major pollutants can improve both energy performance and environmental efficiency. Besides, we also have three main findings: (1) The energy efficiency and environmental efficiency were relatively low. (2) The energy and environmental efficiency scores show great variations among provinces. (3) Both energy efficiency and environmental efficiency are of obvious geographical characteristics. According to our findings, we suggest some policy implications.     

Solar orbital power: Sustainability analysis

Solar power plants positioned in space for terrestrial electricity use have been proposed due to the ever-rising world energy consumption and its environmental impacts. This idea is analysed here in the context of sustainability of such power generation. To that end we have performed some new economic, environmental and social effects analysis of electricity generation by solar space power plants of both photovoltaic and solar thermal types power using the best currently available technology. The plants in the analysis were assumed to be in different Earth orbits, or on the Moon built by a robotised factory. One of our results is that both economically and environmentally the best scenario may be to launch a thermal solar power plant to the geostationary orbit from the Moon. Electricity produced in this way could be economically competitive to that generated by fossil fuels on Earth already for as few as 100 space power plants of about 5-10 GW each. This option is also deemed socially responsible with its capacity to reduce poverty with large amounts of cheap clean energy, and environmentally friendly, because it produces more than a hundred times less emissions than the same amount of electricity produced from fossil fuels on Earth.     

槽式和塔式太阳能热发电的热效率及环境影响分析与评价

选取槽式和塔式两种太阳能热发电系统为研究对象,运用生命周期方法（Life Cycle Assessment,LCA）分别对槽式和塔式太阳能热发电进行系统、全面的环境影响评价。主要对两种太阳能热发电的用材、生产和运输3个阶段进行分析,分别计算了3个阶段的单位能耗和环境影响,并对两个系统的分析结果进行比较。同时,采用朗肯循环对两种系统进行了热效率方面的比较。     

Stochastic security-constrained operation of wind and hydrogen energy storage systems integrated with price-based demand response

Because of highly increasing energy consumption, environmental issues and lack of common energy sources, the use of renewable energy sources especially wind power generation technology is increasing with significant growth in the world. But due to the variable nature of these sources, new challenges have been created in the balance between production and consumption of power system. The hydrogen energy storage (HES) system by storing excess wind power through the technology of power to hydrogen (P2H) and delivering it to the electricity network through hydrogen-based gas turbine at the required hours reduces not only wind alternation but can play an important role in balancing power production and consumption. On the other hand, power consumers by participating in demand response (DR) programs can reduce their consumption at peak load or wind power shortage hours, and increase their consumption at low-load or excess wind power hours to reduce wind power spillage and system energy cost. This paper proposes a stochastic security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) with wind energy considering coordinated operation of price-based DR and HES system. Price-based DR has been formulated as a price responsive shiftable demand bidding mechanism. The proposed model has been tested on modified 6-bus and 24-bus systems. The numerical results show the effect of simultaneous consideration of HES system and price-based DR integrated with wind energy on hourly generation scheduling of thermal units. As a result there is some reduction in wind generation power spillage and daily operation cost.     

基于电锅炉的火电机组灵活性改造技术研究

为有效解决东北电力产能过剩,促进风电、核电等清洁能源消纳问题,提升燃煤供热机组的灵活性,针对东北地区某热电厂,通过对热电解耦时间、电锅炉型式以及不同电锅炉容量配置对机组实际发电负荷的影响等灵活性改造关键技术进行研究,确定了最佳电锅炉容量,提出了电锅炉装设方案,并对改造前后机组的调峰能力和性能指标进行对比分析。研究表明:随着电锅炉容量增长,抵减电锅炉用电后机组实际发电负荷率显著降低,提升火电机组灵活性改造后,电厂调峰能力显著提升,考虑以全厂172 MW发电负荷运行,电厂调峰能力在采暖初末期增加了368 MW,采暖中期增加了528 MW;全厂供热标煤耗由39.7 kg/GJ降低至34.3 kg/GJ,降低了5.4 kg/GJ;经济效益显著,扣除电锅炉用电成本后1个采暖季的调峰辅助服务补贴收益为1.47亿元;同时,电锅炉投运后可实现电厂的上网电量接近零,为清洁能源就地消纳做出贡献。     

Renewable energy capability to save carbon emissions

The present R&D approach to new renewable energy sources includes a drawback which could negate their environmental significance. New renewable energies are affected by a technical limitation because of the random intermittent nature of their power generation which hinders them from fully expanding into the electricity market. As a consequence, the contribution which renewable electric energy sources make is just significant in terms of world electricity generation and only marginal in terms of total energy consumption. Thus, in spite of expectations, the practical achievable amount of environmental benefits arising from new renewable energy would not be enough to counteract the environmental crisis. It is known that the intermittence of energy supply can be removed by implementing grid-tied power systems, adding a further stage aimed to chemically store the intermittent solar energy by producing clean synthetic fuels. Until now this chance was considered of little importance, on the contrary, it should become a compulsory solution so that renewable energy can acquire an actual and environmentally consistent significance.     

Material and energy requirements of solar hydrogen plants

The material and energy requirements for the construction of a hypothetical photovoltaic solar hydrogen plant have been determined. The plant is located in northern Africa and produces electrolytic hydrogen with an energy content equal to 4% of today's final energy consumption of the F.R.G. It turns out that present raw material and economic resources are sufficient to satisfy the total as well as the annual demand for materials. This is true also if several such plants are constructed. The energy payback time will be about two years. The results are compared with the material and energy requirements of solar thermal power generation. Implications with regard to future research activities are discussed.     

计及不确定性的多类型发电机组联合调度优化模型

为了促进可再生能源并网,解决可再生能源机组在内的多类型发电机组联合优化调度问题,引入全额收购可再生能源发电,由火电机组提供备用、允许适度弃风,由火电机组提供备用以及水火机组联合提供备用的可再生能源发电三种不同方案。首先构建了涵盖风、光伏、水力机组的可再生能源机组发电处理模型;再结合设定的三种方案组建了多类型发电机组节能调度优化模型;最后,基于基础数据,得出该节能调度优化模型的发电系统总煤耗、备用煤耗、系统发电成本、启停成本、弃风量及弃水量等关键指标的优化效果,对多类型发电机组联合调度优化具有一定的指导意义。     

Design and performance analysis of a solar-geothermal-hydrogen production hybrid generation based on S–CO2 driven and waste-heat cascade utilization

In the present paper, a multi-energy complementary power generation is designed. It's a hybrid plant of solar power, geothermal power and hydrogen power based on S–CO₂ and T-CO₂ brayton cycle driven. The thermal power for hydrogen production is gained from the extracting S–CO₂ of solar power side and power consumption is 0.2% of PEM. The hybrid plant has the novel feature of time and energy complementarity. Through the thermodynamic analysis, the results reveal that energy efficiency and exergy efficiency could reach 78.14% and 84.04%, comparing with some other hybrid plans, the values have increased by about 20% and 30%, respectively. Through a sensitivity analysis, three optimal split radios have been put forward and the values are 0.68, 0.93 and 0.96, respectively. The Mg–Cl thermochemical cycle is used to hydrogen production and producing hydrogen energy is about 0.902 GJ/h. The economic analysis is investigated by COE_S and CRF, and the net economic profit is at least 42.11 million USD. The proposal system is based on the S–CO₂ and T-CO₂ driven and the daily average CO₂ circulating flow could get 55.0 × 10⁶ kg, it could decrease lots of greenhouse-gas emissions.     

Comprehensive evaluation of effects of straw-based electricity generation: A Chinese case

Greater use of renewable energy is being aggressively promoted to combat climate change by the Chinese government and by other governments. Agricultural straw is the kind of renewable energy source that would become a pollution source if it is not well utilized. We select the Shiliquan straw-based electricity generation project in Shandong Province, China as a case and assess environmental externalities of straw utilization in power plants by using life-cycle analysis. Results show that straw-based electricity generation has far fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than that of coal-based electricity generation. Improvement in the energy efficiency of equipment used for straw’s pretreatment would lead to a decrease of GHG emissions and energy consumption in the life-cycle of straw-based electricity generation. In case 400 million tonnes of wasted straw in China could be used as a substitute for 200 million tonnes of coal, annually the straw 291 Terrawatt hours (TWh) of electricity could be generated, resulting in an annual total CO₂ emissions savings of 193 million tonnes. Straw-based electricity generation could be a high-potential alternative for electricity generation as well as an incentive for utilizing wheat straw instead of burning it in the field.