可倾瓦轴承的完整动力分析模型及计算方法

提出求解可倾瓦径向滑动轴承完整动力特性的解析模型和计算方法,给出可倾瓦轴承完整动力特性系数矩阵的简明表达形式.基于瓦块和轴颈间的运动耦合关系,建立瓦块局部坐标系统.与瓦块和轴颈运动相关的全局广义位移矢量可以通过简练的步骤转换为局部动坐标系下轴颈的位移矢量;利用求解固定瓦轴承动力特性的方法求得的局部动坐标系下的油膜力及其Jocabian矩阵,该油膜力矢量可以精确地转换为全局广义坐标系下的表达形式.在轴承的平衡位置处,全局坐标系下的油膜力矢量关于广义位移和广义速度的Jocabian矩阵为轴承完整动力特性系数矩阵的负值.给瓦块一个设定的扰动频率,就可以得到简化的当量动力特性系数矩阵.此解析方法求解简单方便,可用于分析可倾瓦轴承-转子系统.     

球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承动态特性分析

以半球螺旋槽动静压气体轴承为研究对象,建立球面动静压混合气体轴承的非线性动态润滑计算分析数学模型,采用偏导数法推导出扰动压力控制方程;在广义坐标系下,采用有限差分法对扰动压力控制方程离散化,推导出扰动压力的差分表达式;推导出半球螺旋槽动静压气体轴承刚度和阻尼系数与扰动压力之间的关系表达式;采用VC++6.0编制程序,数值计算出三维微气膜的瞬态扰动压力分布、非线性气膜力及动态刚度系数和动态阻尼系数。研究转速、偏心率及供气压力对气膜动态特性系数的影响规律,结果表明:随着转速、偏心率及供气压力的增大,气膜刚度和阻尼系数均有不同程度的变化。     

基于动网格模型的液体动静压轴承刚度阻尼计算方法

针对雷诺方程不能反映高速油流周向惯性效应、轴颈周向动压效应和静压扩散效应之间的非线性耦合关系及其对三维流场特性的影响,进而导致动静压轴承刚度阻尼的计算精度难以满足高转速精密轴承设计需要之现状,提出基于纳维-斯托克斯方程的动网格计算轴承刚度阻尼新方法。该方法采用自定义程序实现轴颈的旋转速度、位移扰动和速度扰动以及扰动过程中油膜力的计算等功能,成功将轴颈的旋转动边界转换为静边界,有效避免因轴颈旋转引起的网格畸变,并利用弹簧光顺模型更新轴颈受速度扰动和位移扰动引起的油膜网格挤压变形。通过对比研究瞬态和稳态条件下油膜力的变化,界定计算刚度阻尼系数时速度扰动和位移扰动的合理取值范围。利用所提出的方法计算典型轴承的刚度阻尼系数,再现动静压轴承油膜厚度和三维流场压力分布的动态发展过程,并采用影响系数法对该轴承的刚度系数进行试验测试。通过对比试验数据和动网格计算结果发现两者基本吻合,表明所提出的计算方法是有效可行的。     

考虑边界滑移状态的液体动静压球轴承稳定性分析

液体动静压球轴承稳定性分析包括探究其动态特性及临界转速,其刚度和阻尼系数对轴承转子系统稳定性具有重要影响,而研究临界转速可有效避免轴承转子系统发生涡动失稳。考虑边界滑移条件,将小孔节流器进入油腔流量与封油边流出流量相等作为边界条件,求解出边界滑移状态下的Reynolds方程得到油腔压力和封油边压力;对边界滑移状态下瞬态Reynolds方程采用小扰动法推导出扰动压力偏微分方程,结合有限差分法和松弛迭代法求解方程得到边界滑移状态下液体动静压球轴承的刚度和阻尼系数,进而通过线性稳定性方法求解临界失稳转速,探讨滑移系数、供油压力、转子转速之于轴承动态特性的影响及临界转速之于滑移系数的变化规律。结果表明,滑移系数增大会导致4个刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数减小、直接阻尼增大;供油压力增大将导致8个动态特性系数均增大,转速增大将导致刚度增大及阻尼减小,且滑移效应的发生不影响上述规律;临界转速随滑移系数的增大而减小,系统稳定性降低。     

进油压力对可倾瓦径向滑动轴静动特性的影响

本研究了进油压力对可倾瓦径向滑动轴承静动行性的影响,采用适当的边界条件,得到轴承的油膜压力分布和压力偏导数分布,进而得到轴承的静动特性系数,本对不同的供油压力,计算可倾瓦轴承的静动特性,并对计算结果进行分析比较,结果显示：进油压力对可倾瓦径向滑动轴承的静动怀具有重要影响。     

偏载下大长径比水润滑轴承分布式动特性参数识别方法

为了解决偏载下大长径比水润滑轴承分布式动特性参数识别问题,建立水润滑轴承的两支点分布式动力学模型,提出水润滑轴承分布式动特性参数的识别方法,并验证该动特性识别方法的可靠性。通过仿真试验,引入加载和位移信号扰动对轴承分布式动特性参数识别的精度进行分析,开展偏载水润滑轴承分布式动特动特性试验。结果表明：随着激振力振幅扰动的增加,刚度和阻尼系数的识别误差线性增加;激振力相位扰动对刚度系数的影响较小,对阻尼系数的影响较大;随着位移幅值扰动的增加,刚度和阻尼系数的识别误差增加;位移信号的相位扰动对刚度系数的影响较小,对阻尼系数的影响较大;若要求刚度和阻尼的识别误差小于10%,则激振力和位移信号的扰动幅值应小于10%;若要求刚度和阻尼的识别误差小于20%,则这2个信号的扰动相位扰动偏差应小于1°。     

液体静压和动静压滑动轴承动态特性分析计算

本文根据小扰动原理,对液体静压和动静压滑动轴承进行了动态特性分析,研制了用不等步长有限差分法计算八个动态特性系数的通用计算程序.本文既考虑了油腔的静压作用,又考虑了封油面上的动压效应,列出了求解静压和动静压滑动轴承动特性计算的全部过程和具体公式,用不等步长差分法导出了动态雷诺方程的迭代格式,并对静压轴承油腔边界条件的处理进行了较深入地讨论.     

半球面气体轴承动态特性分析北大核心

以半球面螺旋槽气体轴承为研究对象,建立供气切向角可变的轴承非线性动态润滑分析数学模型,采用偏导数法推导扰动压力控制方程,并在广义坐标系下进行保角变换和斜坐标变换,结合导数积分法与有限差分法,建立扰动压力控制方程的差分表达式,推导气体轴承动态刚度和阻尼系数与扰动压力之间的表达式,采用VC++6.0进行数值计算,在不同偏心率下研究供气压力及供气切向角对气膜动态特性系数的影响。结果表明:偏心率、供气压力增大,部分刚度、阻尼增加;供气切向角度增大,部分刚度、阻尼减小。     

稀薄效应对动压气体轴承静动特性的影响

为研究稀薄效应对微小间隙下动压气体轴承静动态特性的影响,分别采用连续模型、一阶滑移模型以及在任意克努森数下都与线性玻尔兹曼方程解有较高吻合的WU新滑移模型,基于有限体积法建立考虑稀薄效应的静动态Reynolds方程,给出3种模型下轴承静态承载力与偏心率、轴颈扰动频率与轴承动特性系数的变化关系。数值分析结果表明:随偏心率的变化,连续模型预测的静态承载力最大,一阶滑移次之,WU新滑移模型预测的值最小;随着扰动频率的增加,考虑滑移模型计算的主刚度系数和主阻尼系数均有减小的趋势,且WU新滑移模型计算的主刚度系数和主阻尼系数明显低于连续模型和传统的一阶滑移模型。传统连续模型和一阶滑移模型过高地估计了轴承的静动特性系数,WU新滑移模型计算的结果更为准确。     

柱面气膜密封动力特性系数的数值计算

针对柱面气膜密封系统动态特性分析问题,应用微扰线性化分布参数法建立密封气膜的微扰动态压力微分方程组,给出柱面气膜密封双自由度微扰下密封气膜的动态刚度和动态阻尼系数的计算方法;建立密封气膜的8个动态刚度、阻尼系数的有限元分析模型,给出有限元数值仿真计算流程和方法;通过算例验证数值计算模型和求解方法的正确性并重点研究可压缩数和平均膜厚对气膜动特性系数的影响.以柱面顺流螺旋槽带坝界面结构为例计算密封气膜各项动特性系数并给出不同条件下的变化规律曲线,气膜的正向刚度系数和正向阻尼系数呈现较为复杂变化状况,交叉刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数呈现轴对称特性.密封气膜动特性系数数值计算为稳定性分析提供了基础,为密封系统设计提供了指导.     

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Shaft System in Water Turbine Generator Set

A 3D finite element vibration model of water turbine generator set is constructed considering the coupling with hydropower house foundation. The method of determining guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients according to the swing of the shaft is proposed, which can be used for studying the self-vibration characteristic and stability of the water turbine generator set. The method fully considers the complex supporting boundary and loading conditions; especially the nonlinear variation of guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients and the coupling effect of the whole power-house foundation. The swing and critical rotating speed of an actual generator set shaft system are calculated. The simulated results of the generator set indicate that the coupling vibration model and calculation method presented in this paper are suitable for stability analysis of the water turbine generator set.     

Determination of the dynamic coefficients of the coupled journal and thrust bearings by the perturbation method

This paper proposes a method to calculate the stiffness and the damping coefficients of the coupled journal and thrust bearings. Reynolds equations and their perturbation equations of journal and thrust bearings are transformed to the finite element equations by considering the continuity of pressure and flow at the interface between the journal and the thrust bearings. It also includes the Reynolds boundary condition in the numerical analysis to simulate the cavitation phenomenon. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the proposed mathematical method are compared with those of the numerical differentiation of the bearing force with respect to finite displacements and finite velocities of bearing center. It shows that the proposed method can calculate the dynamic coefficients of a coupled journal and thrust bearing more numerically stable and computationally efficient than the differentiation method. It also investigates the coupling effect of the coupled journal and thrust bearing and it shows that the proposed method makes it possible to calculate the cross-coupled dynamic coefficients in the radial–axial direction of the coupled journal and thrust bearing.     

径向动压滑动轴承主轴轴心轨迹的动态仿真

径向动压滑动轴承主轴轴心轨迹直接反映了轴承的工作状况,对轴承的设计与故障诊断具有重要的作用。研究了用Hahn法对径向动压滑动轴承主轴轴心轨迹进行动态仿真的方法,并结合Reynolds积分边界争件的思想,对半Sommerfeld边界条件的应用进行了修正,提高了计算精度。     

螺旋槽小孔节流动静压气体轴承动态特性分析*

为进一步改善小孔节流动静压气体轴承的稳定性,对螺旋槽小孔节流动静压气体轴承的动态特性进行了研究。建立不定常工况下的动态雷诺方程,采用偏导数积分法求解动态特性系数。研究有无螺旋槽、涡动比、转速、供气压力以及槽宽和槽深对轴承动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:螺旋槽可以显著提高轴承的动态特性,增加轴承的稳定性;随涡动比的增大,直接刚度系数增加,交叉刚度系数和各阻尼系数都减小;随转速的增大,各刚度系数增加,而各阻尼系数减小;随供气压力的增大,各刚度和阻尼系数均增加;随槽宽的增大,直接刚度系数和阻尼系数呈先增加后减小趋势,交叉刚度系数和阻尼系数变化较小;随槽深的增大,直接刚度系数增加,交叉刚度系数和各阻尼系数先增加后减小。     

螺旋槽气体轴承动态特性及失稳分析

针对高速动静压气体轴承气膜的复杂非线性动力学行为,以球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承为研究对象,建立润滑分析数学模型;采用有限差分法与导数积分法进行求解,得到动态扰动压力分布及动态特性系数,并研究切向供气条件下螺旋槽参数、径向偏心率、供气压力、转速对气膜刚度阻尼系数的影响规律;建立线性稳定性计算模型,预测气膜涡动失稳转速,分析运行参数对失稳转速的影响。结果表明:气膜阻尼是一种抑制涡动的因素,气膜的稳定性取决于气膜刚度与阻尼的协同作用;气膜刚度阻尼随着槽宽比、槽深比、螺旋角的增大,整体上呈先增大后减小的趋势;刚度随转速的升高而增大,阻尼则随转速的升高而减小;径向偏心率和供气压力越大,气膜刚度和阻尼越大;在一定范围内,提高供气压力、增大径向偏心率能够提高系统失稳转速;合理地选取轴承结构参数和运行参数,能够优化轴承动态特性,保证气体轴承较高的运行稳定性。     

Stiffness and damping coefficients for journal bearing using the 3D transient flow calculation

The dynamic coefficients of journal bearing are necessary components in the analysis of linear stability and response of rotating dynamic systems. We propose a new method for the numerical identification of bearing support force coefficients in flexible rotor-bearing systems based on the 3D transient flow calculation. The CFD commercial software FLUENT is mainly used in this simulation, which employs a finite volume method for the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations. To determine the dynamic coefficients, a new mesh movement approach is presented to update the volume mesh when the journal moves during the 3D transient flow calculation of a journal bearing. Existing dynamic mesh models provided by FLUENT are not suitable for the transient oil flow in journal bearings. Measurements and identification are performed on a test rotor supported on a pair of identical two-lobe fluid film bearings, and the results obtained from the CFD methods agree well with experimental results. The results indicate that the methods proposed in this paper can predict the dynamic coefficients of the journal bearing in a rotor-bearing system effectively, and provide a further tool for stability analysis.     

小孔节流静压气体轴颈轴承主轴系统的动态特性分析

通过对小孔节流静压气体轴颈轴承的雷诺方程与描述主轴系统的动力学数学模型联立直接进行数值求解,分析了轴承系统的动力学特性,研究了在不平衡质量作用下轴承主轴系统的响应。结果表明,由于精密离心机小孔节流静压气体轴承的支承刚度大,承载能力高,旋转主轴的运动是稳定的。但在一定条件下,旋转主轴有可能出现不稳定现象,这取决于主轴绕固联坐标系各轴之转动惯量间的关系、轴承支承刚度、主轴旋转速度和不平衡质量控制等因素。该方法用于精密离心机静压气体轴承主轴系统动力学的数值计算,提高了计算精度和可靠性。     

Dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of aerodynamic tilting-pad journal bearings

The dynamic gas–film forces of aerodynamic bearing often can be characterized by eight linear stiffness and damping coefficients. How to theoretically predict these coefficients is a very difficult issue for tilting-pad gas bearing design because of its structural complexity. The current study presents a novel and universal theoretical analysis method for calculating the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of aerodynamic tilting-pad bearing. The gas–film pressure within the bearing is expressed in the form of dimensionless compressible gas-lubricated Reynolds equation, which is solved by means of the finite element method. With the assumption that the journal and the pads are disturbed with the same frequency, the dynamic coefficients of tilting-pad gas bearing are computed by using the partial derivative method and the equivalent coefficient method. Finally, the investigations are conducted about the effects of bearing number, perturbation frequency of the journal and the pads, eccentricity ratios, preload and length-to-diameter ratio of the bearing on the dynamic coefficients of aerodynamic tilting-pad journal bearing. The numerical results indicate that the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of tilting-pad gas bearing are closely related with these factors. The proposed analytical method provides a valuable means of predicting dynamic performances of tilting-pad gas bearing. The solution can be used for the purpose of prediction of dynamic behavior of the rotor systems supported by aerodynamic tilting-pad bearings.     

Theoretical considerations of static and dynamic characteristics of air foil thrust bearing with tilt and slip flow

The thrust pad of the rotor is used to sustain the axial force generated due to the pressure difference between the compressor and turbine sides of turbomachinery such as gas turbines, compressors, and turbochargers. Furthermore, this thrust pad has a role to maintain and determines the attitude of the rotor. In a real system, it also helps reinforce the stiffness and damping of the journal bearing. This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of the air foil thrust bearing. The model for the air foil thrust bearing used in this study is composed of two parts: one is an inclined plane, which plays a role in increasing the load carrying capacity using the physical wedge effect, and the other is a flat plane. This study mainly consists of three parts. First, the static characteristics were obtained over the region of the thin air film using the finite-difference method (FDM) and the bump foil characteristics using the finite-element method (FEM). Second, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics was conducted by perturbation method. For more exact calculation, the rarefaction gas coefficients perturbed about the pressure and film thickness were taken into consideration. At last, the static and dynamic characteristics of the tilting condition of the thrust pad were obtained. Furthermore, the load carrying capacity and torque were calculated for both tilting and nontilting conditions. From this study, several results were presented: (1) the stiffness and damping of the bump foil under the condition of the various bump parameters, (2) the load carrying capacity and bearing torque at the tilting state, (3) the bearing performance for various bearing parameters, and (4) the effects considering the rarefaction gas coefficients.     

三维油膜动特性试验研究

文中建立了滑动轴承三维油膜的试验模型,导出了求解滑动轴承18个动特性系数的频域计算公式.对径向-推力联合动静压轴承进行了试验,用广义逆矩阵法求出了该轴承的动特性系数.试验表明：随着偏心率的增加,理论计算结果与三维模型试验结果更接近,二维模型试验结果与三维模型试验结果是有差别的.