2017-2020年郑州市二七区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况及其与盐碘的相关性研究

目的 调查2017-2020年郑州市二七区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况,并分析其与盐碘的相关性.方法 采用分层抽样方法从郑州市二七区9个社区抽取8～10岁儿童800名,进行尿碘、盐碘与甲状腺检测,分析不同年份 盐碘含量、尿碘含量、盐碘合格率,并采用Spearman秩相关分析儿童尿碘与盐碘的相关性.结果 盐碘含量的总体中位数...     

2014年湖南省人群碘营养水平现状调查与分析

通过抽检湖南省8~10岁学生和孕妇人群的尿碘水平、甲状腺容积以及家中盐碘含量,分析湖南省各地区居民碘营养水平,评价现行的碘盐浓度能否满足湖南人民的碘营养水平,为有针对性的科学补碘提供决策依据。调查结果表明:2012年食盐加碘浓度调整后,湖南省仍然达到碘缺乏病消除标准。孕妇碘营养水平是适宜的,其他人群碘营养水平大于适宜量水平,但碘营养水平维持在稍大于适宜水平,对于防治碘缺乏病来说也是有意义的。2009、2011和2014年监测中8~10岁学生尿碘中位数分别为276.36,270.80,222.80μg/L,呈下降趋势。2011和2014年监测中孕妇尿碘中位数分别为221.90,177.20μg/L,呈大幅下降趋势,但仍在适宜水平。该结果与2011年碘盐浓度下调的因素相吻合,提示湖南省不同人群碘营养水平均向推荐的适宜水平在调整,推行的科学补碘和按需补碘策略措施正在逐步落实。     

浙江省2002年第四次碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 为了解和掌握浙江省碘缺乏病病情和干预措施的落实状况，于2002年上半年开展了第四次碘缺乏病监测工作。方法 确定30个调查点，采用8-10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率、碘盐合格率、尿碘水平、外环境水碘四大指标进行评价。结果 全省8-10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率触诊法为5.58%，B超法为4.83%；碘盐合格率为91.25%；尿碘中位数为250.8μg/L；水碘含量均值为10.54μg/L。结论 浙江省碘缺乏病防治工作通过采取以食盐加碘为主导的综合性防治措施正逐步取得显著效果。     

2020-2022年济南市济阳区儿童及孕妇碘营养水平分析

目的：分析济南市济阳区8～10岁儿童、孕妇的尿碘水平,反映其碘营养水平,为预防碘缺乏症和科学补充碘提供依据。方法：根据济南市方案要求,按照东、西、南、北方向划分为5个区域,每个区域选取1所小学并随机抽取40名8～10岁学龄儿童,并在每个抽样区域抽20名孕妇,采集尿样,检测尿碘含量。2020—2022年共抽取8～10岁儿童尿样、孕妇尿样共1 561份,其中儿童尿样1 230份,孕妇尿样331份,按照《尿中碘的测定第1部分：砷铈催化分光光度法》(WS/T107.1—2016)的方法检测尿碘含量,并加以分析。结果：2020年至2022年总计1 561份尿样,2020—2022年中位数分别为267μg·L^-1、224μg·L^-1、248μg·L^-1,其中低于100μg·L^-1的占7.9%;尿碘值为100～199μg·L^-1的占28.1%;尿碘值为200～299μg·L^-1的占29.5%,> 300μg·L^-1的占34.5%,其中儿童组的...     

调味盐碘离子测定中碱保护剂的选择

目的探索适合调味盐碘含量测定的碱保护剂。方法选取低钠菇盐为样品,在样品前处理过程中分别用NaOH、NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3作为碱保护剂,采用国家标准氧化还原法,对盐产品的碘含量进行检测。结果最佳碱保护剂为NaHCO_3,溶液最佳pH值为4,相对标准偏差2.3%～4.2%,回收率98.9%～100.5%,能够满足调味盐碘测定精密度和准确度要求。结论 NaOH作为碱保护剂对瓷坩埚造成强烈腐蚀性,降低坩埚使用寿命; Na_2CO_3作为碱保护剂,反应剧烈,结果误差较大; NaHCO_3为碱保护剂时,腐蚀刺激性低,安全环保,故推荐NaHCO_3作为调味盐碘离子测定的碱保护剂。     

碘离子的快速检测法

1前言目前国内制盐工业为担负起预防和治疗碘缺乏病的重任，根据国家食用盐GB5461－92的规定：碘离子出厂时240n。g／kg，销售＞30mg／kg，用户＞20mg／kg，普遍采取在制盐工艺过程中，用人工方法在食盐中加入一定量的碘剂【现普遍采用碘酸钾（KI（）。）作为添加剂〕，而碘盐的碘含量将直接影响着加碘盐的质量。加入的碘剂过少，起不到加碘和预防碘缺乏病的作用；加入过量，不但对身体健康会带来副作用，而且还会增加生产成本。因此，为了确保加碘盐的质量，在生产控制中对加碘盐中的碘含量进行监测尤为重要。只有准确无误地检测出加碘盐…     

乳品碘与人体碘营养

碘是合成甲状腺激素必不可少的原料,在维持人体健康方面发挥着重要作用.碘缺乏病(IDD)是一种严重的全球性地方病,1994年UNICEF/WHO联合委员会要求在世界所有碘缺乏国家实行食用盐和畜牧盐全部加碘,以预防碘缺乏病,截至2020年,全球约有120个国家采取了强制食盐加碘策略,有21个国家立法采取了自愿食用碘盐的策略...     

连云港市生产批发环节碘盐监测结果分析

通过对连云港市2002～2005年生产批发环节碘盐监测结果的分析，找出盐碘含量的均数分布和标准差分布特征及变化情况，为提高碘盐质量提供科学的参考依据。     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定居民肉类膳食中碘的方法研究

建立测定肉类膳食中碘的电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS),并对我国14个省份居民肉类膳食进行测定。方法 样品用四甲基氢氧化铵-双氧水溶液在60℃超声提取3h,冷冻脱脂、甲酸沉淀蛋白后,以¹²⁸Te为内标元素,ICP-MS法测定肉类膳食中碘含量。结果 方法线性范围为1～200μg/L,r=0.9998,检出限2.3μg/kg,RSD≤5.7%(n=7),加标回收率为80.0%～96.6%。结论 该方法高效、可行,适用于肉类膳食中碘的测定,为居民肉类膳食中碘含量监测工作提供技术支持。     

食用盐碘含量检测结果准确性影响因素分析

<正>食用盐作为日常生活必需的膳食调味品,所含的碘与多种碘缺乏病息息相关。如果消费者日常摄入的盐中碘含量低于合格的盐,会直接因缺碘引发疾病,且影响人体健康。所以,食盐中碘含量的检测有着非常重要的作用。本文从企业食用盐中的碘含量检验中可能存在的一些问题,对企业食用盐的工业生产与食用加工过程涌现的安全监管风险及其产生规律机制问题进行深入研究剖析,从而提出相关建议,以此提高企业食用盐中的碘含量检验安全监管工作效率。     

Urinary iodine concentration of pregnant women and female adolescents as an indicator of excessive iodine intake in Sri Lanka

BACKGROUND: Mild deficiencies and excesses of iodine have deleterious effects in both females and males. The iodine status of the population after implementation of the universal salt iodization program in Sri Lanka is not known. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the iodine status of pregnant women and female adolescents, with urinary iodine concentration used as the measure of outcome. METHODS: The participants were 100 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and 99 female adolescents in Kuliyapitiya, Kurunegala District, North-Western Province, Sri Lanka. The urinary iodine concentration was measured in a casual urine sample from each subject. The iodate contents of salt samples collected from households of the adolescents participating in the study were also measured. RESULTS: The median urinary iodine concentration of 185.0 microg/L and the prevalence of values under 50 microg/L of only 1% among the pregnant women indicate adequate iodine intake and optimal iodine nutrition. The median urinary iodine concentration (213.1 microg/L) among female adolescents indicates a more than adequate iodine intake and a risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. Approximately 8% and 4% of the adolescents and pregnant women, respectively, had urinary iodine concentrations in the range of mild iodine deficiency (51 to 100 microg/L). More than half of the adolescents (56%) and 39% of the pregnant women had urinary iodine concentrations higher than optimal. The median iodine content in salt samples was 12.7 ppm. Only 20.2% of the samples were adequately iodized, and 10.1% of the samples had very high iodine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Female adolescents and pregnant women had no iodine deficiency, but a considerable proportion of them, especially female adolescents, were at risk for iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. There is thus a need for proper monitoring of the salt iodization program to achieve acceptable iodine status.     

加碘盐与人体健康

20世纪90年代以来,全世界实行普遍食盐碘化(universalsaltiodization,USI)政策,在我国食盐加碘是持续消除碘缺乏病的重要策略,关系到国计民生。本文对碘缺乏危害(IDD)进行了详尽的介绍,包括其概念、临床症状以及缺碘与人口素质的关系,对依照《全国碘盐监测方案》开展的碘盐监测结果进行分析比较,并对今后IDD控制工作提出了建议。     

Progress in salt iodization and improved iodine nutrition in China, 1995--99

In 1993, the State Council of China announced the policy to virtually eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) by 2000 and adopted universal salt iodization (USI) as the national strategy. Biennial province-based monitoring from 1995 onward aimed at capturing the use and iodine content of household salt, along with urinary iodine concentrations among schoolchildren from the same households. This paper reports on the progress made in China toward the goal of virtually eliminating iodine-deficiency disorders on the basis of 85 population-representative surveys in China's provinces during 1995--99. The percentage of households using adequately iodized salt (iodine > or = 20 mg/kg) increased from 43.1 % in 1995, to 82.2% in 1997, to 89.0% in 1999. In 1999, at least 90% of the households in 15 (48%) of the 31 provinces used adequately iodized salt, and a median urinary iodine concentration of less than 100 microg/L in children was reported in only one province. Across provinces, the median urinary iodine concentrations in children were positively correlated in each survey year with the median household salt iodine contents (combined r(s) = 0.74, p < .001) and with the proportions of households using adequately iodized salt (combined r(s) = 0.81, p <.001). Also in each survey year, the percentage of children with urinary iodine concentrations of at least 300 microg/L was correlated (combined r(s) = 0.69, p < .001) with the proportion of households using salt with iodine content of at least 40 mg/kg. The median urinary iodine concentration in children had reached 300 microg/L or more in 13 provinces (42%) by 1999. In a little more than five years, then, China has achieved outstanding progress toward the goal of virtual elimination of IDD through USI. Policy recommendations include improvement of quality assurance by salt manufacturers, along with a modest reduction in the mandated salt iodization levels.     

Iodine content in bread,milk and the retention of inherent iodine in commonly used Indian recipes

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is still a major public health problem and iodized salt remains the most effective means to control IDD in India. Few reports indicate that vegans have inadequate iodine intake while at the same time concerns are being raised on the implementation of universal salt iodization in the country. Therefore, we investigated the iodine content in bread, milk and commonly used Indian recipes prepared without iodized salt and the retention of inherent iodine therein. Results showed considerable iodine content in bread (25 μg/100 g) and milk (303 μg/L) as a positive fallout of universal salt iodization. Iodine content in 38 vegetarian recipes prepared without iodized salt was very low (2.9 ± 2.4 μg/100 g). Retention of inherent iodine (65.6 ± 15.4%) and iodine from iodized salt (76.7 ± 10.3%) in the same recipes was comparable. Thus, universal salt iodization programme remains the single most important source of dietary iodine for the Indian population.     

碘盐在食品工业中应用的研究

我国缺碘区域广泛 ,并大面积流行碘缺乏症。在食盐中加碘是防治碘缺乏症的有效措施 ,为此 ,世界各国先后都将在食盐中加碘列为法规。在我国 ,虽然在民用盐中成功地应用了加碘盐 ,然而对于加工食品 ,特别是腌制食品仍然未应用加碘盐。我国腌制食品种类多 ,生产量大 ,其用盐量占有很大比例。为了在我国全面推广加碘盐 ,彻底防治碘缺乏症 ,有助于碘盐法规在我国的实施 ,为此我们进行了碘盐在食品工业中应用的研究。本研究结果表明 ,加碘盐适合于食品工业使用 ,对腌制食品不会产生任何不良影响。     

加碘食盐中碘损失的实验研究(Ⅱ)

采用氯化钠增敏光度法研究了在模拟烹饪条件下加碘食盐中碘的稳定性.实验结果表明,碘盐中碘的稳定性并不理想,加碘食盐中碘的稳定性受温度与受热时间的影响较大,受热温度越高,碘损失越多;受热时间越长,碘损失越多.     

加碘食盐中碘损失的实验研究

采用氯化钠增敏光度法研究了在模拟烹调条件下加碘食盐中碘的稳定性。实验结果表明，碘盐中碘的稳定性并不理想。在温度较高的条件下存在不同程度的损失。加碘盐中碘的损失量受温度与受热时间的影响：温度越高。碘损失越多；受热时间越长，碘损失越多。     

富硒低钠盐中碘含量的测定

目的探讨富硒低钠加碘盐中碘含量的测定方法。方法通过不同的实验条件,优化国标GB/T13025.7-2012《制盐工业通用试验方法碘的测定》中氧化还原滴定法中的试剂用量,检测出富硒低钠加碘盐中的碘含量。结果改变碘化钾溶液量、淀粉溶液量、磷酸-草酸溶液量均无法测定富硒低钠盐中的碘含量;只有当次氯酸钠溶液用量≥5mL时,加入碘化钾溶液,才可以使富硒低钠加碘盐溶液显色,然后通过实验确定次氯酸钠的最佳用量,再滴定测定碘含量。结论富硒低钠加碘盐中含有还原性物质,测定其碘含量需加大次氯酸钠溶液的用量。     

烹饪调味过程对加碘盐补碘效率的影响

本文在常规烹饪盐咸味的调味过程中,分别用斯柯维法、P*S蓝光度法测定食物盐咸味的调味效果及加碘盐的碘损失情况,分析烹饪调味过程对加碘盐补碘效率的影响。     

Assessment of the sustainability of the iodine-deficiency disorders control program in Lesotho

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the sustainability of iodine-deficiency disorders control programs guarantees successful and sustained virtual elimination of iodine deficiency. The Lesotho universal salt iodization legislation was enacted in 2000 as an iodine-deficiency disorders control program and has never been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the sustainability of the salt iodization program in Lesotho, 2 years after promulgation of the universal salt iodization legislation. METHODS: The proportion to population size method of sampling was used in 2002 to select 31 clusters in all ecological zones and districts of Lesotho. In each cluster, 30 women were selected to give urine and salt samples and 30 schoolchildren to give urine samples. The salt samples were analyzed by the iodometric titration method, and the ammonium persulfate method was used to analyze the urine samples. The chairperson of the iodine-deficiency disorders control program was interviewed on programmatic indicators of sustainability. SAS software was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The urinary iodine concentrations of very few children (10.1% and 21.5%) and women (9.8% and 17.9%) were lower than 50 microg/L and 100 microg/L, respectively. At the household level, 86.9% of the households used adequately iodized salt. Only four indicators of sustainability have been attained by the salt iodization program in Lesotho. CONCLUSIONS; Iodine-deficiency disorders have been eliminated as a public health problem in Lesotho, but this elimination is not sustainable. Effective regular monitoring of salt iodine content at all levels, with special attention to iodization of coarse salt, is recommended, together with periodic evaluation of the iodization program.