结合Broyden族算法和微分同胚变换的图像自动配准方法

本文采用微分同胚变换预处理图像,得到初始化形变场,提高对形变图像的配准精度;采用Broyden族算法优化能量函数,自动确定迭代次数,提高优化效率;基于Demons算法思想引入图像梯度灰度场相似量构造能量函数,提高灰度信息少的图像配准精度。实验证明,本文算法配准精度优于改进的Demons算法,尤其在配准大形变图像时,本文算法配准精度高的优势更加明显。     

基于局部尺度特征描述和改进DTW技术的局部轮廓匹配算法

基于轮廓的图像匹配是计算机视觉领域中的重要问题,但是目前尚未有较成熟的算法能够很好地解决局部轮廓匹配问题及非相似变换和非刚体变换引起的轮廓形变问题.根据局部轮廓结构在产生形变时具有相对稳定性的规律及融合轮廓局部信息和全局信息的轮廓描述思想,本文提出了一种具有尺度、旋转、平移不变性,形变鲁棒性和初始点无关性的局部尺度轮廓描述算法.在此基础上,针对线性匹配方法效果不佳以及传统DTW技术约束路径的线性度不满足轮廓采样特性要求的问题,提出一种基于改进DTW技术的轮廓匹配算法,即结合轮廓采样特性设置九宫格的路径约束条件,以旋转角度为参数,计算全局最佳匹配路径.实验结果表明,对于存在尺度、平移、旋转及形变关系的两轮廓,该方法能较好地实现轮廓间的局部匹配,并且其匹配准确率平均约为92%,较HD算法提高了30%,较传统DTW算法提高了26%.     

基于局部仿射配准的鲁棒非刚体配准算法

针对传统点集非刚体配准算法对复杂局部形变数据配准精度低,收敛速度慢等问题,该文提出一种基于局部仿射配准的鲁棒非刚体配准算法。该算法采用分层迭代的方式由粗到精地完成点集的非刚体配准。在每层迭代中,首先对子形状点集集合和子目标点集集合进行分块处理并更新分块后每一类子点集的形状控制点。然后利用控制点引导仿射迭代最近点(ICP)算法求解对应子点集间的局部仿射变换。接着利用上一步求解的局部仿射变换,更新子形状点集集合及其形状控制点集合。直到配准误差收敛时,循环结束并输出更新后的形状点集。实验结果表明,所提算法与传统点集非刚体算法相比具有更强的精确性和收敛性。     

非刚性点集匹配的机载下视图像目标定位方法

机载下视目标定位在航空摄影和导航等领域有着广泛的应用,其定义为给定目标图像确定目标在参考图像中的位置。而机载下视目标定位中目标图像与参考图像之间存在的大尺度形变问题是有待攻克的难点问题,针对此问题本文提出了一种非刚性点集匹配的目标定位方法。首先,使用SIFT(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform)算法提取2幅图像的关键点,随机K-D树最近邻算法用于获得一致性关键点集;然后,使用K-means分类方法将一致性关键点集划分成多个子集,并在多个子集上使用随机采样微分同胚点集匹配方法确定空间变换模型,解决了大尺度形变问题;最后,通过SSD(Sum of Squared Difference)来确定最优目标位置。实验结果表明所提方法能够有效完成目标定位任务。     

基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的SAR方位向运动补偿算法

沿航向的非匀速运动对SAR成像质量有很大影响,而运动补偿后SAR图像存在几何形变,影响子图像拼接和多波段SAR图像融合。当沿航向速度误差较大时,实图像域插值校正后图像残留的几何形变不能忽略。基于上述问题,该文提出一种基于非均匀傅里叶变换的SAR方位向运动补偿算法,算法直接对方位向的非均匀数据进行非均匀快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)。该算法的定位误差和几何形变比实图像域插值校正几何形变算法小1到2个数量级,对沿航向速度误差有很强的鲁棒性,补偿后数据的幅度和相位信息都得以保留。SAR仿真和实测数据验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于混沌优化和二值互信息的快速模板匹配

针对模板匹配方法中速度、精度和鲁棒性不能兼顾这一问题,提出一种新的模板匹配方法。新方法使用互信息作为图像的相似性测度,并通过图像的二值化,理论上将互信息的计算速度提高到原来的约14.7倍;新方法对改进的变尺度混沌优化算法(EMSCOA)进一步改进。大量模板匹配实验表明新改进的EMSCOA算法(称为EEMSCOA),在模板匹配领域比原算法(EMSCOA)提高了约9倍的速度;同时焊缝焊接及其他实验也表明,所提的基于混沌优化和二值互信息的快速模板匹配方法,能够克服倾斜、遮挡、形变等干扰,快速、准确地找到最优匹配点,因此所提算法是实用有效的。     

基于谱方法和松弛标记的非刚性点匹配算法

谱方法是点模式匹配中一种重要的方法,但该方法对于点模式中噪声与出格点较为敏感,为克服了传统谱匹配方法存在问题,提出了一种运用谱方法和松弛标记的非刚性点模式匹配算法。该方法首先提取点模式中点的KL特征获取点与点的匹配概率,然后运用松弛标记法得到点集间明确的匹配关系;同时,为保证算法的鲁棒性,给松弛标记法定义一个匹配的目标函数,在函数的优化框架下迭代的计算匹配的最优解。本文主要从三方面对传统谱方法进行了改进:首先运用基于KL的匹配概率计算方法提高了原谱图方法抗噪方面的性能,进而在松弛标记方法框架中运用谱方法进行匹配,使算法对出格点具有更好的鲁棒性,最后融合的运用了点的谱图特征和空间分布特征,使算法在较大形变情况下仍能实现有效匹配。文章实验验证了算法的有效性。      

融合SIFT的B样条红外图像非刚性配准

手持式广角镜头红外热像仪所拍摄的不同时刻红外图像具有刚性形变和非刚性形变,传统图像配准算法很难同时矫正刚性形变与非刚性形变,针对该问题,提出一种融合SIFT的B样条配准算法。首先在待配准图像中建立控制网格,其次运用SIFT算法寻找待配准与基准图像间的匹配点对,剔除错误匹配点对并计算出待配准图像与基准图像间的刚性变换参数,接着对控制点进行刚性变换,最后以局部强度和为测度函数,运用B样条非刚性配准算法对广角镜头引起图像的非线性进行矫正。对比实验结果表明,本文算法具有很高配准精度,能够满足实际工程精度要求。     

空中微动旋转目标的二维ISAR成像算法

 针对具有高速旋转部件的空中微动目标ISAR回波,本文提出一种基于低调频率匹配滤波的刚体与高速旋转部件回波分离方法.同时针对高速旋转部件的回波特点,提出基于逆-Radon变换的成像算法估计高速旋转散射点图像.最终同时得到微动目标刚体以及旋转部件的聚焦良好的ISAR图像.仿真和实测数据处理结果证明了所提算法的有效性.     

数字图像角点融合匹配方法研究

在双目视觉特征提取和匹配方法研究中,为提高匹配率、角点定位精确性以及算法的时间复杂度三项指标,文中提出了一种新的角点提取和匹配融合算法。对提取的 Harris角点进行零均值归一化互相关系数匹配,对SIFT角点进行最近邻匹配。针对可预见的误匹配,采用RANSAC算法剔除误匹配点。仿真实验表明：RANSAC算法可以剔除绝大部分的误匹配点,SIFT角点融合最近邻匹配较 Harris角点融合零均值归一化互相关系数匹配效果理想。     

Principal component based diffeomorphic surface mapping

We present a new diffeomorphic surface mapping algorithm under the framework of large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM). Unlike existing LDDMM approaches, this new algorithm reduces the complexity of the estimation of diffeomorphic transformations by incorporating a shape prior in which a nonlinear diffeomorphic shape space is represented by a linear space of initial momenta of diffeomorphic geodesic flows from a fixed template. In addition, for the first time, the diffeomorphic mapping is formulated within a decision-theoretic scheme based on Bayesian modeling in which an empirical shape prior is characterized by a low dimensional Gaussian distribution on initial momentum. This is achieved using principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the eigenspace of the initial momentum. A likelihood function is formulated as the conditional probability of observing surfaces given any particular value of the initial momentum, which is modeled as a random field of vector-valued measures characterizing the geometry of surfaces. We define the diffeomorphic mapping as a problem that maximizes a posterior distribution of the initial momentum given observable surfaces over the eigenspace of the initial momentum. We demonstrate the stability of the initial momentum eigenspace when altering training samples using a bootstrapping method. We then validate the mapping accuracy and show robustness to outliers whose shape variation is not incorporated into the shape prior.     

Consistent landmark and intensity-based image registration

Two new consistent image registration algorithms are presented: one is based on matching corresponding landmarks and the other is based on matching both landmark and intensity information. The consistent landmark and intensity registration algorithm produces good correspondences between images near landmark locations by matching corresponding landmarks and away from landmark locations by matching the image intensities. In contrast to similar unidirectional algorithms, these new consistent algorithms jointly estimate the forward and reverse transformation between two images while minimizing the inverse consistency error-the error between the forward (reverse) transformation and the inverse of the the reverse (forward) transformation. This reduces the ambiguous correspondence between the forward and reverse transformations associated with large inverse consistency errors. In both algorithms a thin-plate spline (TPS) model is used to regularize the estimated transformations. Two-dimensional (2-D) examples are presented that show the inverse consistency error produced by the traditional unidirectional landmark TPS algorithm can be relatively large and that this error is minimized using the consistent landmark algorithm. Results using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging data are presented that demonstrate that using landmark and intensity information together produce better correspondence between medical images than using either landmarks or intensity information alone.     

有向非刚体形变局部不变特征描述符

当前局部不变特征描述符主要针对刚体形变的图像匹配问题,但非刚体形变图像匹配的需求普遍存在且应用日趋广泛.非刚体形变的复杂性会导致同名特征点的局部支撑区域难以保持结构特性的相似性.构造更具针对性的局部不变特征描述符成为解决非刚体形变图像匹配问题的关键.针对如何准确地确定局部特征的主方向并划分局部支撑区域,提出了一种有向非刚体形变局部不变特征描述符及其构建方法.首先根据特征点的二阶矩阵估计其椭圆邻域并指示主方向,然后对局部支撑区域进行同性化处理,以消除各向异性形变的差异,最后把局部支撑区域加权嵌入到三维空间,用热核信号的形变不变性进行特征点局部支撑区域描述.对比实验结果表明,在非刚性形变和光度变化情况下,本文描述符的匹配正确率高于SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)和GIH(Geodesic Intensity Histogram)描述符,且保持了较好的旋转不变性.     

Diffeomorphic metric mapping of high angular resolution diffusion imaging based on Riemannian structure of orientation distribution functions

In this paper, we propose a novel large deformation diffeomorphic registration algorithm to align high angular resolution diffusion images (HARDI) characterized by orientation distribution functions (ODFs). Our proposed algorithm seeks an optimal diffeomorphism of large deformation between two ODF fields in a spatial volume domain and at the same time, locally reorients an ODF in a manner such that it remains consistent with the surrounding anatomical structure. To this end, we first review the Riemannian manifold of ODFs. We then define the reorientation of an ODF when an affine transformation is applied and subsequently, define the diffeomorphic group action to be applied on the ODF based on this reorientation. We incorporate the Riemannian metric of ODFs for quantifying the similarity of two HARDI images into a variational problem defined under the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping framework. We finally derive the gradient of the cost function in both Riemannian spaces of diffeomorphisms and the ODFs, and present its numerical implementation. Both synthetic and real brain HARDI data are used to illustrate the performance of our registration algorithm.     

基于局部二进制模式和图变换的快速匹配算法

针对图像匹配在图像拼接、目标识别等领域的应用中尺度不变特征变换（Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）算法计算复杂度高、实时性较差的问题,提出了一种基于局部二进制模式（Local Binary Patterns,LBP）和图变换（Graph Transformation Matching,GTM）的匹配算法.首先采用SIFT特征检测提取特征点并以特征点为中心取13×13的图像块作为特征区域;然后用本文提出的局部旋转不变二进制模式（Local Rotation Invariant Binary Patterns,LRIBP）描述子对特征区域进行描述产生29维的特征描述向量,降低了描述子的复杂度,并以欧氏距离为度量准则进行初始匹配;最后采用图变换匹配算法剔除误匹配点,从而提高算法的运算速率和匹配精度.仿真结果表明,本文所提算法不仅具有较高的精度和较强的鲁棒性,并且减少了算法的运算量,提高了算法的实时性.     

Large deformation diffeomorphism and momentum based hippocampal shape discrimination in dementia of the Alzheimer type

In large-deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM), the diffeomorphic matching of images are modeled as evolution in time, or a flow, of an associated smooth velocity vector field v controlling the evolution. The initial momentum parameterizes the whole geodesic and encodes the shape and form of the target image. Thus, methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) of the initial momentum leads to analysis of anatomical shape and form in target images without being restricted to small-deformation assumption in the analysis of linear displacements. We apply this approach to a study of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). The left hippocampus in the DAT group shows significant shape abnormality while the right hippocampus shows similar pattern of abnormality. Further, PCA of the initial momentum leads to correct classification of 12 out of 18 DAT subjects and 22 out of 26 control subjects.