Al、Ti、Ta对镍基单晶高温合金组织和性能的影响

利用ISP 05 DS/SC定向单晶炉拉制单晶试棒,研究了Al、Ti、Ta含量对镍基高温合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,铸态组织中Al、Ti、Ta主要分布于γ'相中.Al、Ti、Ta含量的提高可以提高Co、Cr、Mo在γ基体中的溶解度,同时,随着Al、Ti、Ta含量的提高,合金的固溶温度提高,错配度增大,γ'增强相的形貌也由椭球形转为方形.高温持久试验结果表明,Al、Ti、Ta含量的增加可以提高合金的持久寿命.     

Ti含量对一种镍基单晶合金组织和持久性能的影响

研究了3种不同含Ti量单晶高温合金的铸态、热处理态组织及持久性能。结果表明：Ti含量对合金的微观组织和持久性能都有明显的影响。随着钛含量的增加，铸态合金枝晶间区域的共晶尺寸和含量明显增大、增多，枝晶间区域的面积也逐渐增大。热处理后，3种合金的枝晶干处的γ′相形态基本一致，都为规则的立方体γ′相，尺寸大约为400nm-500nm。随着钛含量的增加，合金的持久寿命略有降低，延伸率略有增加。     

添加Cr对一种含5%Re镍基单晶高温合金微观组织的影响

在一种含5%Re(质量分数)和3%Cr的镍基单晶高温合金基础上,研究再添加Cr后合金组织的变化.实验结果表明:随着Cr含量的增加,合金铸态组织中元素偏析加重,共晶体积分数增加,固相线和液相线温度显著降低.此外,完全热处理态组织中γ'尺寸和体积分数都减小.X射线衍射分析结果表明,Cr的添加使γ/r'点阵错配度变得更负.从能量色散谱仪的结果可知,Cr主要分布在γ基体中,并且随着Cr含量的增加,更多的γ基体形成元素(如Re和W等)进入γ基体中,但Cr在γ/γ'中的分配比却减小.     

Al含量对镍基单晶合金组织及持久性能的影响

研究了铝含量对一种镍基单晶合金铸态和热处理态显微组织的影响,测试了单晶合金的高温持久性能,利用金相显微镜、SEM、TEM、XRD等考察了持久断裂试样的微观形貌.结果表明,单晶合金的铸态组织由粗大的γ'、细小的γ'和γ组成,随Al含量的增加,粗大的γ'相数量增多、尺寸增大.固溶处理不能使粗大的γ'完全固溶,持久断裂裂纹主要在粗大的γ'/γ界面产生,并沿γ'/γ界面扩展,严重损伤合金的高温持久性能.     

新型Ni-Co基高温合金中平衡析出相的热力学研究

利用热力学计算软件JMatPro和相应的镍基高温合金数据库,研究了U720Li合金以及在此基础上研发的新型Ni-Co基高温合金的化学成分对平衡相的析出行为、加工性能和γ/γ′晶格错配度的影响.结果表明:Ti/Al值(原子比)的增加提高了合金中γ/γ′相的晶格错配度,γ′析出相的含量随Ti+Al含量(原子分数)的增加而增加.因此,增加Ti/Al值和Ti+Al含量能提高合金的高温强度.Co含量的升高可以拓宽合金的加工窗口,改善合金的加工能力,并且还可以增加合金γ/γ′相的晶格错配度,提高合金错配强化的效果.同时,Ti/Al值的增加促进合金中η相析出,而Co含量的增加具有抑制η相的效果.因此,在Co含量较高的Ni-Co基高温合金中,适当提高Ti含量,增加Ti/Al值对提高合金高温强度有利.     

Hf对第二代镍基单晶高温合金DD11高温低应力持久性能的影响

通过对4种不同Hf含量(0~0.80%,质量分数,下同)的第二代镍基单晶高温合金DD11铸态及热处理态组织定量表征与1100℃,140 MPa持久性能测试,研究了Hf对相转变温度、(g+γ')共晶组织、碳化物、微孔、凝固偏析、合金元素成分分配比及持久性能的影响.结果表明,添加Hf显著降低合金的固/液相线,降低微孔含量,提高铸态共晶组织体积分数、MC型碳化物含量以及凝固偏析程度.合金热处理后,随着Hf含量提高,固溶微孔含量显著降低、残余共晶和碳化物含量显著增加.添加Hf通过提高Re,Mo和Cr的成分分配比,增加γ/γ'错配度,减小γ/γ'界面位错间距,促进Re,Mo和Cr向γ相中偏聚,提高固溶强化效果,减小微孔含量等方式,显著提高DD11合金持久性能.但当Hf含量达到0.80%时,热处理后的残余共晶、碳化物含量较高,导致合金持久性能明显降低.     

Ru对镍基单晶热暴露组织演变及持久性能的影响

对比研究了不含Ru的USTB-F7及添加2.5 wt％ Ru的USTB-F8两种镍基单晶高温合金的组织稳定性和持久性能.标准热处理与1100℃长期热暴露组织研究表明:合金USTB-F7中γ′相形貌介于球形和立方形之间,属中间态形貌;热暴露2000 h后,其形貌仍保持稳定,仅发生粗化而未发生筏排化.Ru的添加使Re元素在γ/γ′中的分配比增大,提高了合金USTB-F8的γ/γ′点阵错配度和γ'相的立方度,从而加速了长期热暴露过程中的筏排化进程,经2000 h热暴露发生了明显的筏排化现象.同时,合金USTB-F7热暴露700 h后在枝晶干处析出了富集Re、W和Cr元素的TCP相,Ru的加入有效地抑制了TCP相的析出,合金USTB-F8直至2000 h仍未析出TCP相.1100℃/140MPa持久性能测试表明,Ru显著提高合金的持久寿命,这与Ru增加合金中的y相体积分数和γ/γ′点阵错配度,促进筏排组织的形成,并减小时效组织中的γ通道宽度有关.     

热过程对IC21单晶合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对IC21单晶合金的铸态、热处理后和不同热过程后的组织进行了观察,检测了铸态、热处理态和不同热过程后合金的高温拉伸和持久性能,研究了热处理和热过程对IC21合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,IC21合金的铸态组织呈树枝晶状,由γ′相、γ相以及枝晶间的粗大γ′相和NiMo相组成,枝晶干上γ′相尺寸比枝晶间的γ′相尺寸大。1315 ℃/6 h/充氩冷却+两次时效热处理后合金未实现完全固溶,枝晶干上部分铸态γ′相在固溶时未完全溶解,枝晶间仍存在粗大γ′相,持久性能与铸态相比有明显提升。热过程后,γ′相明显长大,立方度略有降低,枝晶间和枝晶干的γ′相尺寸差距减小,并且有针状相析出。合金的持久寿命与热处理态相比,稍有降低,抗拉强度有所提高。     

Re和Ru对镍基单晶高温合金组织偏析的影响

通过对4种不同Re（3%—6%,质量分数,下同）和Ru（0%和3%）含量的镍基单晶高温合金铸态和热处理态组织的观察和成分分析,研究了Re和Ru对元素偏析以及热处理过程中组织演化的影响.结果表明,Re和Ru均会加剧铸态试样中的元素偏析,但经过固溶处理后,Ru对合金元素的残余偏析的影响不大.随着Re含量的增加和Ru的加入,热处理态组织中γ’相尺寸减小,形貌的立方程度明显增加.电子探针（EPMA）对成分的测量结果显示,Al,Ia和Ni偏析于γ;沉淀相,Re和Cr强烈地偏析于γ相,而Ru和W向γ相的偏析程度则相对较低.Re含量的增加明显增大了Re₁Cr,Co和W等元素向γ相的偏析,而Ru的加入则使得这些TCP相形成元素向γ相的偏析程度略有降低.     

Ru和Cr对镍基单晶高温合金γ/γ′热处理组织演变的影响

通过对6种不同Ru(0—5.1%,质量分数,下同)和Cr(0—5.7%)含量的镍基单晶高温合金1100℃的时效和热处理组织观察与γ/γ′两相的成分分析,研究了Ru和Cr的独立和交互作用对合金元素成分分配比及热处理组织演变的影响.经1100℃/8 h时效后,在枝晶干处,不含Ru和Cr的基础合金γ′相接近球形,Re在该合金γ/γ′两相中的成分分配比较低,错配度接近于0.在基础合金中加入高Ru后,γ′相立方度和Re的成分分配比略有增大,错配度变负;在不含Ru合金与含Ru合金中,随着Cr含量的增大,γ′相的立方度和Re的成分分配比均显著增大,错配度明显变负.1100℃非加载下的长期热处理研究表明:γ′相接近球形且错配度接近于0的合金γ′相形貌稳定,在2000 h内只出现了粗化,没有发生筏排化现象;γ′相呈中间态并且错配度较小的合金γ′相粗化趋势较为明显;γ′相接近立方体形且错配度中等的合金在热处理800 h后形成近似筏排组织;同时加入Ru和Cr,随着Re的成分分配比和错配度的增大,γ′相为立方体形或长方体形的合金筏排化时间提前;其中高Ru中Cr合金热处理200 h就出现筏排化趋势,而错配度最高的高Ru高Cr合金热处理...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.