硬溶质型桃果实成熟过程中细胞壁多糖降解特性及其相关酶研究

以硬溶质型桃‘晚湖景’为试材,研究细胞壁多糖降解以及细胞壁多糖降解相关酶对硬溶质型桃果实成熟软化的影响。结果表明:硬溶质型桃果实成熟过程中,CDTA-1果胶含量上升,两种Na2CO3溶性果胶含量在成熟末期减少率分别为22.5%和27.4%。KOH溶性果胶含量在整个成熟过程中变化不明显。果实CDTA、Na2CO3组分中果胶多糖主链的断裂、半纤维素和纤维素组分中阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的降解主要发生在成熟末期;β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)与桃果实成熟软化启动密切相关,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和纤维素酶(Cx)对桃果实成熟后期快速软化起重要作用。Na2CO3-1溶性果胶多糖的降解与硬溶质型果实采后软化密切相关,KOH-1、KOH-2半纤维素多糖的降解可能促进硬溶质型桃果实成熟软化进程,富含半乳糖醛酸的果胶多糖主链的断裂以及果胶、半纤维素、纤维素中阿拉伯糖、半乳糖等中性糖的降解都可能是果肉软化的重要因素,并有多种多糖降解酶参与其中。     

1-甲基环丙烯和不同贮藏温度对油桃果实硬度与细胞壁果胶的影响

以“中油 13 号”为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯（1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）和不同贮藏温度对油桃果实硬度与细胞壁果胶的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理能有效地抑制常温下油桃果实硬度下降,贮藏第2 d,1-MCP处理组与未经1-MCP处理组油桃硬度分别下降12.31%和54.53%,差异极显著（P<0.01）,但贮藏后期抑制效果减弱,差异不显著（P>0.05）;而结合低温贮藏效果更好,贮藏至结束,1-MCP处理组与未经1-MCP处理组油桃硬度分别下降54.38%和62.96%,差异显著（P<0.05）。1-MCP主要通过影响油桃WSP半乳糖醛酸主链和阿拉伯糖支链的积累、CSP与SSP阿拉伯糖支链与半乳糖支链的分解,抑制油桃水溶性果胶（Water-soluble pectin,WSP）含量的升高与螯合性果胶（Chelate-soluble pectin,CSP）和碱溶性果胶（Sodium carbonate-soluble pectin,SSP）含量的降低,延缓油桃软化;低温主要通过抑制SSP阿拉伯糖支链与半乳糖支链的分解,减缓SSP含量降低,延缓油桃软化。油桃质地软化与果胶多糖的含量及主侧链变化密切相关,1-MCP处理和低温能有效地抑制贮藏期油桃硬度下降。     

超声处理对葡萄细胞壁果胶组分的影响

为明确超声处理下葡萄细胞壁中不同果胶组分含量及结构变化，本研究采用不同超声时间和超声功率对葡萄进行处理，通过咔唑硫酸法、PMP柱前衍生化法、高效液相凝胶色谱分析、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析和圆二色谱分析等手段分析了葡萄细胞壁中果胶组分含量、单糖组成及结构变化。结果表明，新鲜葡萄细胞壁果胶中碱溶性果胶含量最高，为27.41 mg/g AIR，螯合型果胶含量最低，为8.25 mg/g AIR；不同超声处理后总果胶含量呈下降趋势，其中水溶性果胶含量增加，螯合型和碱溶性果胶含量降低。果胶单糖共检测到6种，不同果胶组分单糖组成不同，水溶性果胶中半乳糖和阿拉伯糖含量较高，螯合型果胶中葡萄糖醛酸含量最多，而碱溶性果胶中含量最高的为鼠李糖；超声处理后果胶组分单糖组成不变，但含量均发生降低；超声作用未改变果胶主链结构，但其线性结构和支链程度均发生变化。随着超声处理时间和功率的增加，不同果胶的分子量整体均呈下降趋势，并且在微观结构上呈现更加松散形态。此外，超声作用对果胶组分特征官能团影响较小，但对螯合型果胶和碱溶性果胶分子的结构和链构象产生作用，使其最大响应值发生移动，并且超声功率作用影响更大...     

酸提工艺对果胶品质的影响

选用福建特产琯溪蜜柚果皮为原料,考察酸提工艺条件对果胶的酯化度、黏均分子质量和半乳糖醛酸含量的影响,设计正交试验L9(34)考察各因素的影响。结果表明:在试验范围内,酸提工艺条件对果胶的酯化度基本无影响,对半乳糖醛酸的含量有明显的影响,对果胶的分子质量影响最显著。9个不同试验条件下,酸提果胶的酯化度63.5%～63.8%,半乳糖醛酸含量74.2%～88.5%,果胶的黏均分子质量101～202ku。     

金花茶多糖单一成分的化学结构特征解析

目的:对金花茶粗多糖经过离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析法得到分子质量为4.15×106u的多糖单一成分(TPS3-1)的化学结构特征进行分析,旨为金花茶多糖的构效关系研究提供依据。方法:采用构成糖分析、红外光谱(IR)分析、核磁共振(NMR)分析以及阶梯式部分酸水解分析等手段对其毛发区域的化学结构特征进行解析。结果:构成糖分析结果显示,TPS3-1中中性糖约为半乳糖醛酸的2倍,其中鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖与葡萄糖质量比为1:4.2:3.0:0.4,另外,62.58%的半乳糖醛酸残基以甲酯化形式存在。阶梯式部分酸水解分析结果显示,约有73%的中性糖降解至0.01mol/L三氟乙酸溶液中,推测该分子片段主要由葡萄聚糖支链、阿拉伯聚糖支链和半乳聚糖支链组成。约5%的中性糖降解于0.05mol/L三氟乙酸溶液中,推测该分子片段主要由葡萄糖或半乳糖与阿拉伯糖交替连接的寡糖支链组成。约13%的中性糖降解于0.5mol/L三氟乙酸溶液中,该分子片段主要由半乳糖和阿拉伯糖交替连接的寡糖支链以及零散分散于聚半乳糖醛酸链上的阿拉伯糖残基组成。结论:TPS3-1由高度酯化的半乳糖醛酸平滑区域和3类不同化学结构特征的毛发区域片段组成。     

1-甲基环丙烯对硬溶质型桃果实细胞壁多糖降解特性的影响

以硬溶质型桃"晚湖景"为试材,20℃下用1μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)密闭处理24h,研究1-MCP处理对细胞壁降解过程中多糖组分变化、单糖解离特性以及细胞壁多糖降解相关酶的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可以明显抑制硬溶质型桃果实硬度的下降,降低乙烯释放量。1-MCP处理的硬溶质型桃果实中CDTA-2、Na2CO3、KOH和CWM-残渣组分在贮藏过程中下降速率都明显低于未处理果。1-MCP处理能延缓CDTA溶性果胶多糖的解离。同时还抑制了Na2CO3溶性果胶多糖中半乳糖醛酸和鼠李糖构成的主链和阿拉伯糖、半乳糖支链的降解,对半纤维素和纤维素多糖成分降解有一定程度的抑制作用。1-MCP处理可能通过抑制参与细胞壁多糖降解相关酶的活性,从而抑制硬溶质型桃果实细胞壁多糖降解及单糖解离,达到延缓果实软化的目的。     

炮制法对三叶木通果皮果胶提取及理化性质的影响

为提高三叶木通果皮果胶提取率和质量,探究不同炮制方法对三叶木通果皮果胶提取及其理化性质的影响.以未处理的三叶木通果皮生粉和炒制、砂制、醋制、酒制方法处理的果皮粉为原料,酸法提取得到果胶并进行结构表征,测定其果胶提取率、半乳糖醛酸质量分数、酯化度、乳化活性、乳化稳定性及抗氧化性.结果表明:醋制果胶提取率、半乳糖醛酸质量分...     

八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺优化及其理化特性研究

以八月瓜果皮为原料,优化酸提醇沉法提取其果胶的工艺,并对果胶酯化度、半乳糖醛酸含量进行测定。首先采用单因素实验探讨了料液比、p H、提取时间、提取温度等因素对果胶得率的影响,再通过正交实验优化提取工艺,最后对果胶的酯化度、半乳糖醛酸进行分析。结果表明,酸提醇沉法提取八月瓜果胶的最佳工艺条件为液料比1∶20(g/m L)、p H1.5、提取时间120 min、提取温度90℃,此条件下得率达12.15%;八月瓜果皮果胶的酯化度为81.94%,属于高酯果胶,其半乳糖醛酸含量为83.17%,符合GB 25533-2010对果胶半乳糖醛酸含量的要求。     

植物乳杆菌发酵提取未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实果胶工艺优化

目的:利用植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶,并分析植物乳杆菌发酵提取果胶的性质。方法:以果胶提取率为指标,采用正交试验优化植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶的工艺条件,并测定果胶的半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、蛋白质、持水性、持油性、乳化活性以及乳化稳定性。结果:植物乳杆菌发酵未成熟琯溪蜜柚果实提取果胶的最佳工艺条件为发酵温度37℃、植物乳杆菌发酵接种量14%、液料比25∶1 (mL/g)、发酵时间12 h。此条件下未成熟琯溪蜜柚果胶提取率为11.60%;果胶的半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度、蛋白质、持水性、持油性、乳化活性以及乳化稳定性分别为26.13%、68.58%、1.57%、0.53 g/g、7.01 g/g、14.33%和33%。结论:植物乳杆菌发酵提取的果胶提取率与酸法工艺的相似,所得果胶为高酯化度果胶,且应用性质良好。     

超声波辅助酸提法提取桃子中的果胶及性质研究

以桃子为原料,采用超声波辅助酸提法提取果胶,分别探讨了料液比、pH、提取温度、提取时间等因素对桃子中果胶提取的影响,并对提取的果胶进行理化性质的测定及组分的研究。在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验得到的最佳参数组合为料液比1∶20 g/mL、pH 2.0、提取温度80℃、提取时间120 min、浓缩比1/3,在此条件下,果胶提取率为7.28%,半乳糖醛酸含量为71.62%,酯化度为33.33%。高效液相色谱法检测到果胶中共含有10种单糖成分,主要成分是阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸,其中阿拉伯糖的含量最高,占43.35%,且初步判定果胶为RG-Ⅰ型。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press