叠氮硝胺发射药表面钝感新技术

为解决高增塑剂含量的高能发射药表面钝感问题,采用小分子多炔基化合物均苯三甲酸三炔丙酯（TPTM）作为钝感剂前驱体,经喷涂工艺渗入叠氮硝胺发射药表层后与基体组分1为解决高增塑剂含量的高能发射药表面钝感问题,采用小分子多炔基化合物均苯三甲酸三炔丙酯（TPTM）作为钝感剂前驱体,经喷涂工艺渗入叠氮硝胺发射药表层后与基体组分15-二叠氮基-3-硝基-3-氮杂戊烷（DIANP）反应,形成交联网状大分子钝感剂,并通过密闭爆发器实验和热加速老化实验表征了钝感效果。实验结果表明,TPTM与DIANP在50 ℃下即可完全反应,采用TPTM对叠氮硝胺发射药进行表面钝感处理后,发射药的初始燃烧活度大幅度降低,渐增性燃烧特征量L_m/L₀达到1.8左右,B_m值在0.5左右,并且在50 ℃加速老化6个月以后燃烧性能基本不变。以小分子多炔基化合物作为钝感剂前驱体的方法适用于对叠氮硝胺发射药进行表面钝感处理,并且钝感效果良好,满足长储稳定性的要求。     

高分子钝感剂在两种发射药中的迁移性能

采用高分子钝感剂NA聚酯湿法钝感得到叠氮硝胺和高能硝胺两种钝感发射药,用高温加速长贮寿命试验的方法来研究NA钝感剂在发射药中的迁移性能。利用密闭爆发器和内弹道试验法,对加速长贮前后的两种钝感发射药动、静态燃烧性能进行研究,结果表明,加速长贮前后两种钝感发射药的爆热、p-t曲线及内弹道性能没有明显变化。利用显微红外光谱法测定两种钝感发射药长贮前后NA钝感剂的浓度分布,结果发现浓度分布也没有变化。表明NA钝感剂抗迁移能力强,可以满足叠氮硝胺发射药和高能硝胺发射药的长贮性能要求,用其制得的钝感发射药具有良好的弹道稳定性能。     

叠氮硝胺发射药的贮存性能研究

为研究叠氮硝胺发射药的贮存性能,采用热老化加速寿命试验预估发射药贮存寿命,通过理化性能试验、14.5mm机枪试验研究叠氮硝胺发射药长期贮存后的理化性能、内弹道性能。结果表明,采用热加速老化法预估叠氮硝胺发射药的安全存储寿命(常温30℃)为63a,与普通双基吸收药相比,具有更好的安定性;长贮23a以上的叠氮硝胺发射药理化性能、安定性、内弹道性能稳定。研究表明叠氮硝胺发射药可以满足弹药装药长期贮存使用要求。     

ETPE发射药与RGD7硝胺发射药燃烧性能及热行为的对比研究

用密闭爆发器实验、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环/3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(BAMO/AMMO)基含能热塑性弹性体(ETPE)发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的燃烧性能及热行为。结果表明:与RGD7硝胺发射药相比,ETPE发射药燃烧时间较长,燃速较低,燃速压力指数n大于1,而RGD7硝胺发射药燃速压力指数小于1。对于RGD7硝胺发射药,RDX的熔融吸热峰(204.8℃)不明显,且分解放热峰(240℃)滞后于硝化棉/硝化甘油(NC/NG)(194℃),而ETPE发射药中poly(BAMO/AMMO)分解温度(263℃)高于RDX(240℃)。ETPE发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的不同燃烧性能归因于发射药中主组分的不同热行为。     

钝感三基发射药的燃烧性能

针对含水溶性组份硝基胍(NGu)的三基发射药,采用水相搅拌工艺制备出钝感发射药样品,进行了高分子钝感技术研究。通过扫描电镜研究了加入饱和剂和未加入饱和剂的两种钝感发射药样品的表面状态。结果表明,与未加入饱和剂的钝感工艺相比较,采用添加饱和剂的钝感工艺制得的发射药表面结构致密。采用可控点火参量模拟装置进行点火试验;在药室容积100cm3,装填密度0.2g.cm-3,点火压力10MPa的条件下进行了密闭爆发器试验;选用14.5mm弹道枪进行了内弹道试验。结果表明,钝感处理后的发射药样品点火延迟时间(6.86,5.72ms)延长,燃烧渐增性能增强,内弹道性能提高,且添加饱和剂的发射药性能比未添加饱和剂的优良。     

颗粒模压发射药的燃烧性能

以粒状高能硝胺发射药RGD7A-6/7药为基药,采用密闭爆发器和30 mm模拟弹道炮试验,研究了颗粒模压发射药模块的密度和基药的表面处理方法对其燃烧性能的影响。分析了不同模块的密度、不同表面处理基药的颗粒模压发射药的燃烧p-t曲线、L-B曲线特征,得到了模块的密度和基药的表面处理方法对颗粒模压发射药的燃烧性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一定密度范围内(1.0~1.5 g.cm-3),模压药越密实,燃烧渐增性越好;经过表面钝感、包覆后的基药压制成型的模压发射药MD7燃烧渐增性最好。内弹道试验结果表明,MD7在膛压低于空白药29.7 MPa的情况下,弹丸初速提高了6.6%,炮口动能提高了13.8%。     

某中小口径武器用梯度硝基发射装药效应

针对某中小口径武器发射烟焰大、刺激性气味强等问题，采用化学脱硝法，制备了不同脱硝程度的梯度硝基七孔发射药，对其理化性能、静态燃烧性能、内弹道性能、发射有害现象进行了研究，并基于最小自由能法，研究了樟脑钝感剂用量与脱硝程度对发射药可燃气体（CO、H₂）含量、未氧化碳值的影响规律。结果表明：随着脱硝程度的增加，发射药的爆热从4001 J·g^-1降低至3517 J·g^-1，弧厚从0.92 mm降低至0.89 mm、安定剂含量从2.60%降低至1.95%、安定性未发生变化，最大动态活度对应的相对压力B_m增加至0.66，燃烧渐增性逐渐提升；在相当膛压下，发射药燃烧渐增性越好，弹丸初速越高，并建立了装药量、膛压、初速之间的对映耦合关系，获得了梯度硝基发射药内弹道性能的数字表达与控制方法；当爆热值相当时，与樟脑钝感发射药相比，梯度硝基发射药燃气中可燃气体含量低、未氧化碳含量少；射击试验中发现，梯度硝基发射药火焰小、刺激性气味小，具有较少的发射有害现象。     

改性单基发射药温度系数研究

采用"浸渍-钝感-包覆"工艺,制得了改性单基发射药。采用密闭爆发器和857-30 mm制式弹道炮研究了该发射药的燃烧性能和内弹道性能。分析了改性单基发射药的结构。结果发现,与制式单基发射药相比较,改性单基发射药无论是常温还是高低温,初速至少提高5%。所制得的改性单基发射药在857-30 mm制式弹道炮上具有低温度系数的特点,这是由端面封堵拉链状结构的形成及药体表面变软引起的。     

堵孔钝感高能叠氮硝胺发射药的性能

为了解决高能叠氮硝胺发射药燃烧渐增性欠佳及低温感效果较差的问题,采用高分子复合材料堵孔和含能复合材料钝感的两步法工艺,制备了3种内孔被高分子复合材料形成的“塞子”封堵、表面被钝感的钝感高能叠氮硝胺发射药(本研究称之为堵孔钝感发射药)。采用爆热和密闭爆发器试验,研究了堵孔钝感发射药的能量性能及静态燃烧性能。结果表明,与空白药相比,随着堵孔材料及钝感材料含量的增加,3种堵孔钝感发射药WCBF-1/18、WCBF-2/18和WCBF-3/18的爆热分别下降2.6%、3.6%和4.3%,燃烧渐增性增强且燃烧渐增性因子Pr值由0.471分别提高到0.552、0.563和0.576。3种堵孔钝感发射药WCBF-1/18、WCBF-2/18和WCBF-3/18的高温相对燃烧活度温度系数的绝对值均值分别为2.87%、1.89%和1.56%,相较于空白药均有所下降,表明堵孔钝感发射药高常温区间内低温感效果好。     

一种低烧蚀高渐增性发射药的研究

采用“浸渍-钝感”工艺制得改性单基发射药.用烧蚀管试验表征了该发射药的烧蚀.采用密闭爆发器研究了该发射药的静态燃烧性能,以857-30 mm制式弹道炮研究了发射药在膛内的动态内弹道性能.结果发现,与制式单基发射药相比较,制得的改性单基发射药的烧蚀量降低了16.4％,燃烧渐增因子P,由0.035提高到0.445,初速从8...     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.