酶法水解黄须菜籽油

黄须菜是一种真盐土植物,其籽可榨油供食用,黄须菜籽油中含有90％以上的不饱和脂肪酸,是一种重要的营养保健食品的料,本文研究了用脂肪酶水解黄须菜籽油及其水解产物的后处理工艺。试验了酶、溶剂、温度、碱的流加等条件对水解率的影响,确定了适合黄须菜籽油的条件,即用质量分数为5％Lipolase 100T时,50℃,5h,每10min流加碱,PH值为6－8时,水解率可达92％－95％,水解产产物中亚油酸含量约725。该工艺为制备亚油酸的一 种方法。     

菜籽蛋白萃取速率

以菜籽蛋白萃取过程为研究对象，推导出内扩散控制时，单颗粒菜籽粕及菜籽粕颗粒群的蛋白萃取速率模型。结果表明，在较高温度（４０～５０℃）或较高的ｐＨ值（ｐＨ＝１１．５～１２）下，颗粒群萃取模型与实验数据相当吻合，并求得５０℃，ｐＨ＝１１．５时，ＯＨ－在菜籽粕中的有效扩散系数Ｄｅ＝６．３８·１０－１１ｍ２／ｓ。本文还讨论了萃取温度以及ｐＨ值对萃取速率的影响。     

菜籽饼粕有机肥的应用

菜籽饼粕是优良的有机肥料,可以提升土壤肥力,它含有的营养元素和活性物质为作物生长发育提供必需营养,改善农产品品质。对菜籽饼粕有机肥的肥效优势及其应用进行了综述,展望了菜籽饼粕有机肥的应用前景。     

菜籽加工环境影响评价污染治理措施浅析

本文通过对菜籽加工项目污染源的分析,提出该项目在废水、废气、噪声和固废等方面的污染治理措施,结果表明,只要严格按照环评各项要求,坚决贯彻执行“三同时”制度,菜籽加工项目建设后对环境的影响可以控制在可接受范围内。     

菜籽中芥酸含量的快速测定

研究了快速测定菜籽中芥酸含量的方法,测定单样仅在７ｍｉｎ内即可完成,且绝对误差小于５％。该方法操作简单,不需要价格昂贵的仪器,适用于基层粮站的菜籽收购工作。     

两段式回转炉热解菜籽饼

通过研究菜籽饼的工业分析,发现挥发分比例较高适合对其热解利用,采用热重分析方法分析了厨菜籽饼的热解特性,提出了菜籽饼两段式热解转化利用的思路。在回转炉中对菜籽饼进行热解反应并分析了500 ℃下固液产物的组成和性质,发现固液产率较高,焦油及焦炭品质较好,具有广阔发展前景,为菜籽饼大规模地资源化利用提供了一条新的道路。     

菜籽饼粕中残留己烷和甲醇的蒸汽压测定

用顶空色谱法测定了宁油七号菜籽饼粕中残留溶剂(己烷、甲醇)的蒸汽压与浓度以及温度间的平衡关系。蒸汽压实测值与计算值间的相对误差为8.05％,绝对误差为0.24kPa。能满足工程设计需要。     

菜籽饼粕有机肥腐熟过程中有效成分变化的研究

研究了菜籽饼粕中的有效成分及有害重金属等在菜籽饼粕有机肥中腐熟期各阶段成分的变化。在腐熟过程中,氮、磷、钾总养分随着腐熟时间的增加而增加,腐熟到一定程度时达到最高,而后增长趋势平缓;有机质含量随着腐熟时间的增加有降低趋势,分解为小分子物质,但有机质总体含量很高。试验显示,菜籽饼粕有机肥最佳肥效期为45d,菜籽饼肥和菜籽粕肥相比,菜籽饼肥总养分含量略高于菜籽粕肥。     

Grape Seed Oil Characterization: A Novel Approach for Oil Quality Assessment

The amount of organic pomace, left behind agricultural processes, is continuously rising in accordance with industrial progress. Grape pomace, generated in the wine industry all over the world, represents a raw material for obtaining valuable products. Grape seeds are especially rich in oil containing bioactive compounds that can have various health‐related effects. The aim of the study is to compare the quality of seed oils obtained from six white grapes, including two Serbian autochthonous varieties. Linoleic acid, associated with numerous health benefits, is the major fatty acid in all samples (≈66% of total); α‐tocopherol is the main tocopherol homologue. Total polyphenol content ranges from 73.4 to 104.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g. In order to provide comprehensive information about antioxidant capacity of grape seed oil (GSO), three tests are performed (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power; 2,2’‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical scavenging). Antimicrobial activity is investigated against different strains; however, GSO inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Obtained results are used to develop a novel approach for oil quality assessment. Calculated oil quality scores (OQS) reveal no significant difference between international and autochthonous varieties, although Smederevka stands out as the most potent one. Practical applications : Considering the progressive waste increase in the wine industry and keeping in mind all health‐promoting effects of grape seed oil (GSO), it is clearly observed that oil production represents a profitable and sustainable utilization of grape seeds. The results of the present study show that GSO is a rich source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, this work provides deeper insight into a quality of Serbian autochthonous grape varieties that are still insufficiently explored. Furthermore, the proposed oil quality score could be used as a comprehensive and unbiased method that enables quality assessment of oils. This tool can find practical application in comparing different plant oils regarding their compositional and functional properties. Finally, it would contribute to making some general oil intake recommendations.     

Microencapsulation of Chia Seed Oil by Spray-Drying: Influence of the Antioxidant Addition

Chia seed oil has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, giving it nutritionally beneficial qualities, although determining its high susceptibility to oxidative deterioration. Microencapsulation and natural antioxidants are alternatives to protect this oil during its processing and storage. This work aims to study the physicochemical characteristics and the oxidative stability of chia seed oil microencapsulated with different antioxidants (rosemary extract, blend of rosemary and chamomile extracts, ascorbyl palmitate) by spray-drying using sodium caseinate and lactose as wall material. The microencapsulation efficiency and the moisture content are >97% and <3% d.b., respectively. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the microcapsules are spherical, with diameters ranging between 11.3 and 14.8 µm. At t = 0, the microencapsulated oil recorded a t_i = 12.7 h, seven times greater than that of the bulk-oil. The addition of the antioxidants increases the t_i of the microencapsulated oil. The addition of ascorbyl palmitate maintains the peroxide value under the acceptable limit after 60 d of storage (25 °C, darkness, HR 33%). Thus, microencapsulation by spray drying of chia oil with ascorbyl palmitate addition will be the most appropriate studied system to obtain microparticles with high efficiency and oxidative stability during the processing and storage. Practical Application: This study contributes to investigating the microencapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids n-3 fatty acids (FAs) from a novel oilseed (chia oil), applying different antioxidants, including those from vegetable sources such as rosemary and chamomile extracts, to confer additional protection to microencapsulated oil. Thus, the application of these techniques will enable the delivery of this vegetable oil for the development of functional foods.     

Ameliorating Effects of Exogenously Applied Proline on Seed Composition,Seed Oil Quality and Oil Antioxidant Activity of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress

This study was carried out to appraise whether or not the exogenous application of a potential osmoprotectant, proline, could ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on maize seed and seed oil composition, as well as oil antioxidant activity. Water stress reduced the kernel sugar, oil, protein and moisture contents and most of the seed macro- and micro-elements analyzed in both maize cultivars but it increased the contents of seed fiber and ash. Water stress increased the oil oleic acid content with a subsequent decrease in the amount of linoleic acid, resulting in an increased oil oleic/linoleic ratio for both maize cultivars. However, no variation was observed in oil stearic and palmitic acids content due to water stress. A considerable drought induced an increase in seed oil α-, γ-, δ- and total tocopherols and flavonoids were observed in both maize cultivars. However, oil phenolic and carotenoid content as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity decreased. Foliar-applied proline significantly increased the content of seed sugar, oil, protein, moisture, fiber and ash in both maize cultivars under well irrigated and water deficit conditions. Furthermore, exogenous application of proline increased the oil oleic and linoleic acid contents. The concentrations of antioxidant compounds namely phenolics, carotenoids, flavonoids and tocopherols estimated in the seed oil increased due to foliar-applied proline under water deficit conditions that was positively correlated with the enhanced oil DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the increase in the contents of these antioxidant compounds and oil antioxidant activity due to the foliar application of proline was noted to be more pronounced under water deficit conditions.     

怒江漆油中高级脂肪酸成分

对云南怒江漆油 (漆树籽油 )进行皂化得到了漆油的总脂肪酸 ,将总脂肪酸甲酯化得到总脂肪酸甲酯 ,用GC MS联用仪测定了所含高级脂肪酸的成分 ,结果表明云南怒江漆树油中高级脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十烷二酸。其中 ,棕榈酸的质量分数高达 76.9%。     

Thai Tea Seed Oil and Virgin Olive Oil Similarly Reduce Plasma Lipids: A Pilot Study within a Healthy Adult Male Population

The potential cardiovascular benefit of virgin olive oil (VOO) is widely recognized. However, the use of VOO at very high cooking temperatures makes these oils poorly suited for many Asian dishes. The use of tea seed oil (TSO) is increasing in Thailand, with TSO having a higher smoke point than VOO. The current study examines the effects of daily TSO intake in healthy adults. In a randomized, single-blind crossover design, 12 men consumed for 3 weeks 40 g day⁻¹ of food prepared with either TSO or VOO as a cooking oil. Plasma lipids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and oxidant defense enzyme activities are measured before and after each 3-week intervention period. Gas chromatography analysis of TSO and VOO demonstrates that both oils are equally high in monounsaturated fatty acid. The dietary incorporation of TSO and VOO for three weeks reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations by 15% and 13%, respectively; with total cholesterol (TC) levels lowered by 10% in both groups. No significant changes in TBARS or antioxidant enzyme activity is observed. These results support the concept that Thai TSO can be utilized as a suitable and healthy alternative oil for high-temperature cooking in many Thai and Asian diets. Practical Applications: Tea seed oil from Camellia oleifera grown in Thailand has been recently reported to favorably lower lipid profiles in hamsters fed a high-fat diet in a manner similar to feeding refined olive oil or grapeseed oil. A pilot crossover trial is conducted to compare the effects of three weeks of daily intake of either TSO or VOO in healthy human adults. Consumption of both oils produced significant reductions in TC and LDL-C. Thai TSO leads to favorable lipid profiles and is a reasonable choice for many Thai and Asian food recipes.     

低强度多频超声浸取碱蓬籽油

为考察碱蓬籽油不同超声浸取方法的优劣,该文利用DPS系统建立了包括温度、固液比、强度(不超过0·4W/cm2)、频率(28和40kHz)、时间和粒度等因素的均匀设计实验方案,以碱蓬籽油的质量分数和浸取率为指标,利用偏最小二乘法处理实验数据,确定最佳浸取条件。结果表明低强度单频、双频复合、双频交变超声浸取碱蓬籽油,达到最佳碱蓬籽油质量分数时所需浸取时间分别为1、1和8min;碱蓬籽油质量分数分别为18·7%,17·0%和25·1%,浸取率分别为25·4%,28·5%和30·6%。综合考虑,双频交变超声浸取有明显的优势,可进行工业化开发;而单频超声浸取适合作为分析碱蓬籽油时的提取方法。在单频超声浸取时,若从碱蓬籽油的质量分数考虑,低频高强度有利;而从浸取率考虑,则是高频低强度有利;双频超声浸取时各因素影响强度的差距明显高于单频超声,粒度的影响没有明显的规律。     

Fatty Acid Profile of Kenaf Seed Oil

The fatty acid profile of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil has been the subject of several previous reports in the literature. These reports vary considerably regarding the presence and amounts of specific fatty acids, notably (12,13-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic (epoxyoleic) acid, but also cyclic (cyclopropene and cyclopropane) fatty acids. To clarify this matter, two kenaf seed oils (from the Cubano and Dowling varieties of kenaf) were investigated regarding their fatty acid profiles. Both contain epoxyoleic acid, the Cubano sample around 2 % and the Dowling sample 5-6 % depending on processing. The cyclic fatty acids malvalic and dihydrosterculic were identified in amounts around 1 %. Trace amounts of sterculic acid were observed as were minor amounts of C17:1 fatty acids. The results are discussed in the context of the fatty acid profiles of other hibiscus seed oils.