导电聚合物的进展——(Ⅰ)导电聚合物的研制及品种

经过十几年的探索与研究,导电聚合物无论在品种数量上,或是在导电机理及应用开发上,都取得了惊人的进展。本文就导电聚合物研制中所涉及的共轭聚合物合成、掺杂及成材方面的研究结果和导电聚合物现有的品种进行了总结和评述。     

噻吩类导电高聚物的研究进展

噻吩类聚合物是研究较为广泛的功能高分子材料。详述了通过化学氧化聚合法和电化学氧化聚合法所合成的噻吩类导电聚合物的性能和用途,常用的结构与性能表征方法以及噻吩类导电聚合物在光、电、磁等各种领域中的应用。     

用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物

简要地介绍了以导电聚乙炔ＰＡ为主的用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物的合成方法。     

用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物

简要地介绍了以导电聚乙炔ＰＡ为主的用于二次电池中电极材料的π共轭导电聚合物的合成方法。     

导电偶氮苯共轭聚合物的合成及性能研究

采用过硼酸钠氧化4,4′-二氨基联苯合成了主链含偶氮苯的共轭聚合物。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、差示扫描量热仪、四探针测试仪对偶氮苯共轭聚合物的结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明,得到的偶氮苯共轭聚合物数均相对分子质量(Mn)为4482,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为186℃,并在热分析测试中发现共轭聚合物主链顺式构型偶氮苯单元;盐酸掺杂的偶氮苯共轭聚合物电导率为8.7×10-5 S/cm,碘掺杂的偶氮苯共轭聚合物电导率为2.65×10-4 S/cm,钠-萘掺杂的偶氮苯共轭聚合物导电率为1.92×10-4 S/cm,偶氮苯共轭聚合物经365nm(3mW/cm2)紫外光照射后,偶氮苯共轭聚合物的电导率扩大一个数量级,换用473nm(20mW/cm2)可见光光照后,其电导率发生回复,表明偶氮苯共轭聚合物具有光调制导电特性。     

导电聚合物纳米管线的制备与应用

具有大共轭π键的导电聚合物分子呈准一维线性结构特征,能够聚集成一维特征的纳米管线材料,这种一维纳米管线材料具有与相同组成大尺度材料明显不同的性能,在光、电、磁以及生物医学领域有着广泛的应用前景.介绍了典型导电聚合物纳米管线的制备方法、形成机理、结构表征及应用.     

掺杂物对丁苯橡胶透明薄膜导电性的影响

正高导电聚乙炔的发现,推动了新导电聚合物体系的研究活动。然而,这些导电聚合物的实际应用尚未充分发挥其潜力,因为它们不溶于大多数有机溶剂,加工困难。与此相反,高弹性、易加工和良好的机械性能使天然和合成弹性体成为制备导电材料的一种具有吸引力的高分子材料。这一领域的主流假设是,共轭主链是聚合物能够导电的先决条件。然而,1988年Thakur报道称,在掺杂碘的情况下,天然橡胶的导电率可提高约10     

金属超分子聚合物的合成及应用研究进展

金属超分子聚合物是一类具有光、电、磁等特性的新型功能高分子。介绍了金属超分子聚合物的合成方法,并综述了金属超分子聚合物在生物医学材料、自愈合材料、电致变色材料和导电材料方面的研究进展。     

新型导电聚合物/磁性复合物的制备与性能

论述了近年来导电聚合物/磁性复合物的一些常用制备方法,包括原位聚合法、电化学合成法、化学沉淀法、共混法、电沉积法、自组装技术、溶胶-凝胶法.介绍了复合物的磁性能、导电性能、吸波性能、光电性能及聚噻吩等新型复合物的研究现状、导电聚合物/磁性复合物等有发展潜力的新应用领域.     

聚苯胺-乙烯三叔丁基过氧硅烷复合膜的制备及其电致变色性能的研究

采用恒电位法在氧化铟导电玻璃上电聚合制备了聚苯胺(PAn),利用溶液复合法合成了掺杂态聚苯胺-乙烯三叔丁基过氧硅烷复合电致变色膜,并对其结构和电致变色性能研究。结果表明,复合电致变色膜在稳定态时仅出现第二氧化峰,在外加电压下其颜色在绿色至紫色之间可逆变化,聚合物中加入偶联剂,可提高电致变色膜与导电玻璃基底的粘结性及改善复合膜的耐溶剂性能。     

Conducting Polymer Nanostructures: Template Synthesis and Applications in Energy Storage

Conducting polymer nanostructures have received increasing attention in both fundamental research and various application fields in recent decades. Compared with bulk conducting polymers, conducting polymer nanostructures are expected to display improved performance in energy storage because of the unique properties arising from their nanoscaled size: high electrical conductivity, large surface area, short path lengths for the transport of ions, and high electrochemical activity. Template methods are emerging for a sort of facile, efficient, and highly controllable synthesis of conducting polymer nanostructures. This paper reviews template synthesis routes for conducting polymer nanostructures, including soft and hard template methods, as well as its mechanisms. The application of conducting polymer mesostructures in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries, are discussed.     

荧光共轭聚合物的结构设计与合成方法研究

荧光共轭聚合物既有机小分子荧光材料优良的光学品质,又具有高分子材料优越的可加工性能,成为了荧光材料的研究热点。因此,荧光共轭聚合物在开发新型化学、生物及爆炸物传感器等方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了几种典型的荧光聚合物,重点介绍了聚合物中荧光发色团的合成,从分子结构设计、应用及优缺点等方面对各种合成方法进行阐述比较。并且展望了今后荧光共轭聚合物的发展前景。     

Synthese elektrisch leitfähiger polymerer

Synthesis of electrically conducting polymers In the last few years electrically conducting polymers have been a centre of scientific interest. Characteristic of these polymers - e. g. polyenes and polyaromatics - are their conjugated double bonds. The addition of electron donators or acceptors causes by the change from insulator properties to electrical conductivity comparable to that of metallic conductors oxidation or reduction of the polymer backbone. Via complex formation a considerable increase in the electron mobility and electrical conductivity is obtained. The aim of the polymer chemist is the synthesis of electrically conducting polymer backbones. An abundance of synthetic routes is available. In addition to the conventional stepwise synthesis using the Wittig-, Horner or Grignard reactions, polycondensation processes and metal-catalysed polymerisat ion techniques can be employed. Oxidative coupling with oxidising Lewis acid catalysts generally leads to polymers with aromatic or heterocyclic units. The Ziegler-Natta-polymerization of acetylenes to filmbuilding polyacetylenes has found broad acceptance; it represents however only one of the many possible reactions, in which reducing agents in combination with transition metals are catalytically active. The polymers synthesised via this process are made electrically conducting by doping. On the other hand the direct polymerisation process e.g. starting from acetylene or aromatics, using the doping agent or via anodic oxidation e. g. from pyrrole, leads directyl to materials with a high electrical conductivity. This paper contains the most important publication with the exception of the patents in the intensively researched field of the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic polymers with π-electron-conjugation as well as their doping to highly conducting materials.     

Chemistry of Organic Polyheterocyclic Conductors

The synthesis and some properties of polymeric heterocycles as well as the latest results in the area of soluble conducting polymers are reviewed. Polyheterocycles with long chain substituents exhibit unusual properties in solution while retaining a relatively high conductivity in the solid state. All known methods for the preparation of conducting polymers are presented and their merits discussed. Among the insoluble polymers, the electrochemical methods are still the best because they afford films on a large variety of substrates.     

超支化聚氨酯的现状及发展动态

超支化聚合物由于其特殊的结构和由此产生的独特的物理化学性质,成为了高分子学科研究的热点之一。对超支化高分子的研究已经从合成及对物理化学性质的研究发展到分子理论研究、各种功能化以及应用方面的初步探索。本文详尽分析了超支化聚氨酯的不同合成方法,并指出了超支化聚氨酯应用研究的主要方向。     

新型共轭功能材料-超支化聚合物的研究进展

超支化共轭聚合物由子其所具有的良好的非线性光学特性,在功能高分子领域具有广泛的应用前景。重点介绍了超支化共轭材料的主要种类:超支化聚亚乙烯基苯类,超支化聚(β,β-二溴,4-乙炔基)苯乙烯类,超支化聚芳烃(HPA),超支化光学非线性类聚合物,超支化含香豆素类聚合物等,介绍了典型代表聚合物的制备方法和光学特性。     

Trends in Conducting Polymer and Hybrids of Conducting Polymer/Carbon Nanotube: A Review

Several conducting polymers, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(m-phenylenediamine), polynaphthylamine, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and their carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites are discussed in this review. The physical, electrical, structural and thermal properties of polymers along with synthesis methods are discussed. A concise note on carbon nanotubes regarding their purification, functionalization, properties and production are reported. Moreover, the article focuses upon synthesis methods, properties and applications of conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are focused. Nanotube dispersion, loading concentration and alignment within conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite affect their performance and morphology. The conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are substantially used in sensors, energy storage devices, supercapacitors, solar cells, EMI materials, diodes, and coatings.     

Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline

The present paper reviews the synthesis, processing and applications of polyaniline (PANI). The paper includes the advantages of the intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) over the other conducting polymers and the superiority of PANI among other ICPs. Details are provided of the different methods used for the synthesis of PANI along with a number of special methods used to obtain a nanostructured PANI. A detailed discussion on the mechanism of electrical conduction in PANI and the factors those influence the conductivity of PANI is also included. A discussion on the problems of effective utilization of PANI and the methods adopted to overcome these problems is also provided. Finally, the possible applications of PANI are discussed.     

Facile enzymatic preparation of fluorescent conjugated polymers of phenols and their application in sensing

The recognized drawback of utilizing metal catalysts for the synthesis of fluorescent conjugated polymers (CP) is the requirement for extensive purification to ensure complete removal of residual catalyst that would otherwise quench the fluorescence. In addition, typical synthesis of fluorescent CP involves multiple steps, monomers and solvents with varying levels of toxicity. This work demonstrates the possibility of utilizing oxidoreductase enzymes as the catalyst, for the one step polymerization of naturally occurring phenols to yield fluorescent conjugated polyphenols. The metal in the active site of the enzyme remains chelated during the synthesis allowing the polymers to be fluorescent as synthesized without the need for extensive purification. Three natural phenols, 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and chlorogenic acid were polymerized using Horseradish peroxidase as the biocatalyst. Spectroscopic techniques, UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy–Attenuated Total Reflectance, and fluorescence, are used to characterize chemical structure and photoluminescence of these polymers. The polyphenols exhibit fluorescence with significant stokes shift in the range 30–100 nm rendering them useful in fluorescence quenching‐based sensors. Preliminary studies on use of these polymers, in the detection of nitro‐aromatic compounds in solution through using fluorescence‐quenching are also presented. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46496.