X80管线钢洁净度研究

对X80管线钢中非金属夹杂物进行金相观察、大样电解和扫描电镜分析。结果表明:从LF进站到铸坯过程中显微夹杂物呈显著的下降趋势,降幅达77.77%,在LF和RH精炼过程中,夹杂物数量降低最为明显;铸坯中夹杂物主要类型为CaO-CaS-Al2O3复合夹杂,其XCaO/XAl2O3小于12CaO·7Al2O3的XCaO/XAl2O3=1.71,夹杂物变性效果较差。X80管线钢从转炉终点到铸坯过程中,平均T.O呈下降趋势,LF进站到钙处理后,平均W(T.O)减少了2.06×10-6,RH精炼过程平均W(T.O)降低了2.27×10-6,需提高LF精炼操作水平和RH精炼操作稳定性。RH出站到铸坯是一个增氮的过程,增氮质量分数为2.27×10-6,保护浇铸水平较高;铸坯中大型夹杂物数量为1.46mg/10kg,夹杂物主要为球状的钙铝酸盐夹杂物、硅铝酸盐夹杂物以及与镁铝尖晶石形成的复合夹杂物。     

X80管线钢洁净度研究

对X80管线钢中非金属夹杂物进行金相观察、大样电解和扫描电镜分析。结果表明:从LF进站到铸坯过程中显微夹杂物呈显著的下降趋势,降幅达77.77%,在LF和RH精炼过程中,夹杂物数量降低最为明显;铸坯中夹杂物主要类型为CaO-CaS-Al2O3复合夹杂,其xCaO/xAl2O3小于12 CaO·7Al2O3的xCaO/xAl2O3=1.71,夹杂物变性效果较差。X80管线钢从转炉终点到铸坯过程中,平均T.O呈下降趋势,LF进站到钙处理后,平均w(T.O)减少了2.06×10-6,RH精炼过程平均w(T.O)降低了2.27×10-6,需提高LF精炼操作水平和RH精炼操作稳定性。RH出站到铸坯是一个增氮的过程,增氮质量分数为2.27×10-6,保护浇铸水平较高;铸坯中大型夹杂物数量为1.46 mg/10 kg,夹杂物主要为球状的钙铝酸盐夹杂物、硅铝酸盐夹杂物以及与镁铝尖晶石形成的复合夹杂物。     

优化精炼工艺生产SPHC钢的洁净度研究

针对优化精炼工艺生产SPHC钢的洁净度进行研究,采用系统取样和综合分析,对RH精炼后、LF精炼后、中间包和铸坯钢样中T.O和N含量,显微夹杂物的变化规律以及铸坯中大型夹杂物进行了系统的分析。结果表明:采用铁水预处理(脱硫)→120t顶底复吹转炉→RH(钙处理)→连铸工艺生产的SPHC铸坯中的w(T.O)和w(N)分别为23×10-6和17×10-6,化学成分满足要求,每10kg铸坯大型夹杂物为4.76mg,与原工艺生产的铸坯洁净度基本一致,进一步优化RH精炼工艺可使SPHC铸坯具有很高的洁净度。     

50Cr5MoV钢中非金属夹杂物及全氧

 对采用“EBT→LF→VD”工艺路线生产50Cr5MoV锻钢轧辊炼钢过程的全氧质量分数和夹杂物类型与数量进行了分析。结果表明：LF精炼后钢液中[w(T[O])]平均为0.004 7%,VD出站[w(T[O])]为0.001 4%,中间包[w(T[O])]为0.001 55%,铸坯[w(T[O])]为0.001 8%,轧材中[w(T[O])]降低至0.001 0%。LF精炼初期,钢中夹杂物主要是不规则的Al2O3夹杂,其中96.75%的夹杂物尺寸小于10 μm。LF精炼结束后,大量夹杂物转变成以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2为主要成分的0～1 0 μm复合氧化物夹杂。钢水从VD真空精炼炉向中间包转移过程中,由于保护性浇注效果差,二次氧化严重造成钢水夹杂逐渐增多,其中夹杂物主要为球形的[mCaO·nAl2O3]复合夹杂物。铸坯中99.65%的夹杂物尺寸小于10 μm,其中大部分为球形钙铝酸盐夹杂物,还有少量球状硅铝酸钙复合夹杂物。轧材中98.77%的夹杂物尺寸小于10 μm。通过对炼钢过程中各工序的工艺优化,可实现对夹杂物的有效控制, 从而确保50Cr5MoV合金铸钢的产品质量。     

IF钢头尾坯洁净度研究

本文分析IF钢头、尾坯离端部不同距离氧、氮含量、夹杂物评价,为头、尾坯合适的切头、切尾、如何修磨提供依据。钢水从RH出站至凝固过程中大颗粒复合夹杂物不断去除,热轧材夹杂物主要是氧化铝、氮化钛。头坯离头端2.5 m以后,尾坯离尾端1 m后,D类夹杂减少,头坯D类夹杂评级比尾坯波动大;头坯w_(T[O])、w_([N])高于中间坯18×10~(-6)、8×10~(-6)、尾坯wT[O]高于中间坯1 ppm。头坯离头端1m后,夹杂物少于15个/mm~2,粒径4.4μm,尾坯上离尾端1 m后,夹杂物少于10个/mm~2,粒径5.1μm,尾坯洁净度好于头坯。     

EAF-LF/VD-CC工艺生产压力容器钢的洁净度研究

为了解天津钢管集团公司EAF-LF/VD-CC工艺生产压力容器钢12Cr1MoVG的洁净度水平,通过系统取样、示踪剂追踪、综合分析等方法,对LF处理前后、中间包钢水和连铸坯中总氧、显微夹杂及大型夹杂物的数量及变化情况进行了全面研究.结果表明,LF/VD精炼后钢液w(T[O])平均为15×10-6,中间包为17×10-6,铸坯为(18～24)×10-6,其中头坯＞尾坯＞连浇坯＞正常坯.铸坯中的显微夹杂物数量是3.53个/mm2,主要为球形钙铝酸盐、硅铝酸盐和铝酸盐与硫化物的复合夹杂,90%以上的夹杂物尺寸小于10μm;铸坯中大型夹杂物有铁铝硅酸盐、钙镁硅酸盐等,来源于钢的二次氧化、钢包卷渣、耐火材料侵蚀、结晶器卷渣等.     

300 t RH炉化学升温工艺对IF钢洁净度的影响

为了研究RH炉化学升温工艺对IF钢洁净度的影响, 针对RH不同阶段进行化学升温,通过取样分析对铸坯全氧、夹杂物数量密度分布、夹杂物尺寸三指标进行系统分析,定量评价RH化学升温节点及升温幅度对钢水洁净度的影响。结果表明,RH化学升温时,钢水洁净度恶化,铸坯全氧质量分数增加了0.000 8%～0.001 3%;在同一升温值、不同升温节点条件下,以RH升温32～36 ℃为例,方案4团簇状夹杂物尺寸达到20 μm,小于方案5团簇状夹杂物尺寸30 μm。因此,采用“脱碳中前期＋脱碳终点”升温工艺,夹杂物尺寸优于“脱碳终点”升温工艺。生产实践中,若钢水进RH炉温度低,在RH升温操作不可避免的条件下,应采用“脱碳中前期＋脱碳终点”升温工艺,以减少RH升温操作对钢水洁净度的影响。     

汽车用板IF钢开浇炉次板坯洁净度的分析

为系统研究某厂IF钢开浇炉次铸坯洁净度变化规律,对铸坯合理判级提供依据,采用氧氮分析、定量金相检验以及大型夹杂物检测等试验对某钢厂开浇炉次IF钢铸坯洁净度进行研究。结果表明,距引锭头部4 m处,铸坯w(T.O)=35.3×10~(-6),w(N)=48.7×10~(-6),显微夹杂物含量为8.5个/mm~2,钢水二次氧化严重,其中含示踪元素La、Ce的显微夹杂物比例分别为33%和55%,钢水受钢包渣和中间包渣影响较大。距引锭头部16 m处,w(T.O)=18.7×10~(-6),铸坯洁净度有较大的改善。随浇铸进行,洁净度好转趋势较为平缓,距引锭头部28m处,w(T.O)逐渐降低到16.3×10~(-6),铸坯洁净度与连浇第2炉、第3炉正常炉次基本一致。     

超低碳汽车外板BH钢炼钢过程中夹杂物的演变

 为了研究超低碳钢炼钢过程中夹杂物的具体演变规律,利用夹杂物自动分析系统研究了硫质量分数分别为0.010%和0.015%的两炉次(S100炉次和S150炉次)超低碳汽车外板烘烤硬化钢(bake hardening steel,简称BH钢)从RH终点到铸坯过程中夹杂物形貌、成分、数量、尺寸的演变,并利用X射线荧光光谱仪和X射线衍射仪结合RH精炼渣和中间包覆盖剂熔渣的成分进行对比分析。结果表明,BH钢中夹杂物的主要类型为Al2O3、MnS、Al2O3+MnS和含硅类夹杂物(其中含硅类夹杂物主要是Al Si O夹杂,不包括纯硅、SiC、SiO2)。由于BH钢中锰和硫质量分数较高,凝固过程中MnS大量析出,使得铸坯中MnS夹杂物数量密度和夹杂物总数量密度显著增加。硫质量分数为0.010%和0.015%的两炉次钢在RH和中间包中MnS夹杂物数量密度无明显差异,由于MnS主要在凝固过程中析出,S150炉次在铸坯中的MnS明显多于S100炉次。精炼渣中w(（FeO+MnO）)较高,w(（CaO）)/w(（Al2O3）)比低,会导致RH终点Al2O3夹杂物较多。在浇注过程中,引流砂的流入会导致中间包覆盖剂熔渣中SiO2质量分数增高,造成钢液中Si Al O等夹杂物的数量密度明显增加。结晶器过程中Al2O3夹杂不断聚集长大、上浮去除,使铸坯中Al2O3和Al2O3+MnS夹杂物数量密度减少,尺寸增大。     

8620RH非调质钢全流程洁净度研究

通过Aspex全自动扫描电镜观察"电炉→LF→VD→连铸"工艺生产8620RH非调质钢的全流程夹杂物变化情况,结合钢水中T.O、氮含量的检测结果,分析了冶炼过程中钢液洁净度的变化趋势。研究表明:8620RH非调质钢样品中氧化物夹杂的主要成分是Al_2O_3-Mg O-Ca O,以Al_2O_3为主。增硫操作之后,夹杂物中CaO含量降低,硫化物和氧硫化物含量明显升高。冶炼过程夹杂物中MgO含量逐渐升高,每个工序冶炼后期的样品中含MgO夹杂物数量均明显高于该工序初期,未检测到大尺寸的镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物。采用铝脱氧方式生产的8620RH非调质钢铸坯中平均w(T.O)=10.1×10-6,达到了很高的洁净度,氧化物夹杂数量较少,尺寸较小。铸坯和轧材中氧化物类夹杂物数量均在10个/mm~2以下。轧材中硫化物多以包裹在氧化物外部的形式存在,有利于提高产品的综合性能,但轧材中存在较大尺寸的硫化物,可以适当提高钢中的氧含量,形成更多细小弥散的氧化物核心,利于硫化物的析出,改善硫化物的形态,使产品具备更好的切削性能。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.