360mm×450mm方坯连铸动态轻压下技术

简述了攀钢自主开发的360 mm×450 mm大方坯连铸动态轻压下控制技术及其应用效果。通过开展轻压下工艺对大方坯内部质量影响的试验研究,掌握了轻压下工艺与铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析等的关系。试验表明,采用轻压下工艺,45CrMnMo合金钢铸坯中心疏松≤1.0级的比例由66.67%增至85.71%,中心偏析≤1.0级的比例由94.44%增至100%,无中心缩孔的比例由88.89%增至96.42%,中心碳偏析指数由1.04~1.19(平均1.15)降为1.02~1.09(平均1.05)。研究结果为促进攀钢品种结构调整和开发高质量、高性能、高附加值产品提供了重要的技术支撑。     

重轨钢大方坯连铸动态轻压下技术研究

针对攀钢大方坯连铸机投产初期引进的轻压下装备技术冶金效果不明显、重轨钢铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析等内部缺陷较严重的问题,开展了优化重轨钢连铸轻压下工艺的现场试验,对比研究了轻压下工艺对重轨钢铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析等内部质量的影响,建立了适应重轨钢要求的动态轻压下工艺技术.生产实践表明,重轨钢铸坯内部质量明显提高,铸坯中心疏松评级≤1.0级的比例由28.41%增至99.91%,中心偏析评级≤1.0级的比例由40.91%增至100%,中心缩孔≤1.0级的比例由92.05%增至100%,铸坯中心碳偏析指数由1.17降至1.05,连铸坯轧制的重轨的内部质量和力学性能完全满足350 km/h高速轨要求.     

静态轻压下技术在GCr15轴承钢连铸生产中的应用

介绍了静态轻压下技术在北满特钢Concast铸机生产GCr15轴承钢240 mm×240 mm连铸坯的应用.结果表明,当钢水过热度20～30℃,拉速0.85 m/min,在铸坯3 m长范围内进行总压下量7 mm、3组压下辊压下量分别为(mm)3、2、2的轻压下连铸,铸坯中心疏松由原来未轻压下的2.0-2.5级降低至1.0～1.5级,V型偏析和中心缩孔明显改善,铸坯中心平均碳偏析指数由1.17～1.26降至1.07～1.13.     

GCr15轴承钢大方坯连铸生产中动态轻压下工艺的应用

介绍了动态轻压下技术(轻压下区域铸坯固相率40%～96%,总压下量8.3～12.5mm)在邢台钢铁公司285 mm×325 mm连铸机生产GCr15轴承钢连铸坯的应用。结果表明,当钢水过热度20～30℃,拉速0.65～0.75m/min,实施动态轻压下后,中心疏松评级≤1.5级和中心缩孔0～1.5级的比例分别由未压下的49.45%和63.74%增加到了85.0%和87.5%;碳偏析值范围由未压下的0.875～1.390变为0.872～1.086;中心偏析和V型偏析明显改善。     

轻压下对20CrMnTiH钢240mm×240mm铸坯中心碳偏析和低倍组织的影响

试验研究了单辊轻压下量（0～14 mm）和压下位置（1^#～7^#）对低碳钢20CrMnTiH 240 mm×240 mm铸坯低倍组织和中心碳偏析的影响。结果表明,从3^#拉矫辊开始压下,最大压下量9 mm,低倍无缩孔比例上升12.3%,中心疏松1.0级比例和中心碳偏析无明显改善;从2^#拉矫辊开始压下,最大压下量1 1 mm,中心疏松1.0级比例和无缩孔比例下降,中心碳偏析合格率提升14.2%;从1^#拉矫辊开始压下,最大压下量14 mm,中心疏松1.0级和无中心缩孔比例均为100%,中心碳偏析合格率达到71.4%。综合分析得出,20CrMnTiH 240 mm×240mm铸坯在拉速0.85 m/min、结晶器搅拌300 A、5 Hz、单辊轻压下量14 mm时,铸坯中心碳偏析和低倍组织最佳。     

大方坯连铸动态轻压下技术应用研究

攀钢全连铸工程新建的大方坯连铸机采用了奥钢联SMART／ASTC动态轻压下技术。自大方坯连铸机投产以来,以重轨钢、硬线等典型钢种为代表开展了应用大方坯连铸轻压下技术的试验研究。通过不断优化调整轻压下工艺制度,取得了改善铸坯中心偏析、疏松和缩孔的显著效果。结果表明,铸坯表面无清理率达到100％,中心疏松≤1．0级,中心偏析≤1．0级,中心缩孔≤0．5级,中心碳偏析指数≤1．05,无其他内部质量缺陷,为攀钢生产高速铁路用钢轨提供了合格铸坯。     

板坯重压下对改善铸坯内部质量的研究

为改善宽厚板连铸坯的缩孔、疏松和偏析缺陷,河钢唐钢建成投产了国内首条宽厚板连铸坯重压下生产线。通过低倍和金属原位分析试验对比分析了不同压下量对连铸坯内部质量的影响。试验结果表明:随着压下量从0mm增加到24mm,连铸坯中心偏析等缺陷逐渐得到改善,24mm重压下时中心偏析等级仅为C 0.5级;通过原位分析试验发现,相较于轻压下,重压下后铸坯碳的最大偏析度由1.355降低到1.193,硫的最大偏析度由3.772降低到1.631,磷的最大偏析度由2.246降低到1.336,铸坯的致密度由96.76%提升到97.40%,说明板坯重压下是实现高致密度、均质化大断面铸坯生产的有效技术。     

高碳钢矩形坯凝固末端永磁搅拌试验

 为了改善高碳钢82A断面180 mm×240 mm矩形坯内部质量,首次在凝固末端进行了永磁搅拌工业试验。根据射钉结果,确定了搅拌器安装位置为距弯月面7 m。搅拌器磁体采用液压系统驱动,通过增加永磁搅拌器入口油压来提高搅拌频率。随着搅拌频率从0增加到5 Hz,矩形坯凝固中心平均碳偏析值从1.18降到1.09。此外,永磁搅拌改善连铸坯中心疏松和缩孔效果显著,铸坯中心疏松0.5级的比例增加了40%,中心缩孔0级比例从0增加到20%。     

GCr15轴承钢方坯连铸轻压下工艺优化与实践

为提高GCr15轴承钢连铸坯均质化水平,改善内部裂纹、缩孔等缺陷,通过实物计算坯壳厚度生长比例、钢种热属性测试,设计浇注过程大压下和联合轻压下试验,监控浇注过程铸坯表面温度和拉矫机工作状态等方法,优化轻压下工艺。结果表明,连铸轻压下合理的起始位置R为42%～45%,为获得更优低倍质量,200 mm×200 mm、240 mm×240 mm、300 mm×340 mm三种规格连铸轻压下起始位置较原工艺后置1～3 m;以200 mm×200 mm GCr15为例,增加铸坯压下量,由1.25 mm/m提高到2.5 mm/m,可减轻铸坯轻压下裂纹,显著改善铸坯Y-Z纵向低倍成分和组织均匀性,轧材中心碳偏指数普遍达到0.97～1.03,实现了既不产生明显轻压下裂纹、又能改善中心偏析和V型偏析缺陷的目标。     

大方坯连铸动态轻压下技术应用研究

简述了攀钢引进的奥钢联SMART/ASTC动态轻压下技术及其在重轨钢大方坯连铸生产中的应用效果.生产结果表明铸坯表面无清理率达到100%,中心疏松≤1.0级,中心偏析≤1.0级,中心缩孔≤0.5级,中心碳偏析指数≤1.05,为攀钢生产合格的高速铁路用钢轨铸坯提供了条件.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.