The Eighth International Symposium on Science and Processing of Cast Iron

October 16 to 19, 2006The International Symposium on Science and Processing of Cast Iron (SPCI), previously known as the Physical Metallurgy of Cast Iron, is one of the most famous conferences in cast iron. And the Eighth International Symposium on Science and Processing of Cast Iron (SPCI8) moved to China and was held at Tsinghua University in Beijing from October 16 to 19, 2006. It?s a big pride for the China cast iron industry as well as the whole China foundry industry that fo…     

Iron Ore — 1962

A feature of the 1962 American Mining Congress was an all-day technical session on the State of the Mining Industries. Of particular interest to metallurgists was a paper on the State of the Iron Ore Industry presented by C. S. Arms, assistant to the president, planning, Pickands Mather & Co. Excerpts from Mr. Arms’ paper are quoted below:     

The Effect of Microstructure on the Electrical Properties of Gas-Atomized Copper–Iron Metastable Alloys

With the increase in global demand for highly functionalized materials, there is continued interest in exploiting the material properties of metals either individually or in the form of alloys. Copper–iron alloy is considered unique with its remarkable combination of strength and high electrical conductivity. Due to the low cost of iron, this alloy is expected to replace alloys like Cu–Ag and Cu–Nb. In order to explore the microstructural features, copper–iron alloy with three different compositions (10, 30, and 50 at.% Fe) were prepared by a gas atomization process. A detailed microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscattered diffraction. Spark plasma sintering was used to sinter the powders to evaluate their electrical conductivities. The mechanism of the microstructure formation is also discussed in detail. As the Fe content increases, the Fe-rich phase changes its shape from spherical to irregular with a concomitant sharp decrease in the electrical conductivity of the alloy.     

Colour Metallography of Cast Iron Chapter 4 Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron(Ⅱ)

Note:This book consists of five sections:Chapter 1 Introduction,Chapter 2 Grey Iron,Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron,Chapter 4 Vermicular Cast Iron,and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron.CHINA FOUNDRY publishes this book in several parts serially,starting from the first issue of 2009.     

Colour Metallography of Cast Iron Chapter 4 Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron(Ⅰ)

Note:This book consists of five sections: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Grey Iron,Chapter 3 Spheroidal GraphiteCast Iron,Chapter 4 Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron,and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron.CHINA FOUNDRY publishes thisbook in several parts serially,starting from the first issue of 2009.     

Colour Metallography of Cast Iron Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (Ⅳ)

<正>*Note: This book consists of five sections: Chapter 1 Introduction, Chapter 2 Grey Iron, Chapter 3 Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Chapter 4 Vermicular Cast Iron, and Chapter 5 White Cast Iron. CHINA FOUNDRY publishes this book in several parts serially, starting from the first issue of 2009.     

Austempered Ductile Iron—Processing and Properties

Recent research on austempered ductile irons (ADI) has been reviewed. The physical metallurgy of the austempering reaction and the important effects of alloying elements are discussed, along with an analysis of research results from the perspectives of ADI foundry and heat treatment process control and quality assurance. Both the existing database of ADI mechanical properties and progress made toward the specification of various ADI grades worldwide have been summarised. Although many fundamental questions remain regarding microstructure/property/processing relationships for the new and metallurgically complex family of ADI materials, foundry processing and heat treatment guidelines have been established for the successful production of ADI. Casting quality requirements are high due to the demanding combination of strength and toughness desired for ADI and to ensure consistent heat-treatment response during austempering.     

Gas-sensing Properties of Sintered Bismuth Iron Tungstate

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The Influence of Yttrium Implantation on the Oxidation of Impure Iron Containing C and Mn at 700°C

A study of impurity-yttrium interactions hasbeen performed during iron oxidation [p(O₂)= 0.04 Pa, T = 700°C]. Yttrium-implanted specimensalways exhibit better oxidation behavior compared withblank specimens. On pure iron or the Fe 0.054 wt.%C alloy thebeneficial effect is attributed toFe₂YO₄ formation. With themanganese-containing alloys (Fe 0.2 wt.%Mn), theprotective effect of yttrium is attributed to YMnO₃ formation. The best oxidationbehavior is obtained with implanted Fe0.18 wt.%Mn-0.041wt.%C alloys due to the formation of an YMnO₃oxide subscale at the scale-alloy interface. Yttriumimplantation also hinders carbon segregation at theoxide-alloy interface. This effect ensures better scaleadherence. With the most-impure alloy, yttriumimplantation also changes the growth process fromexternal cation diffusion to predominant inward-oxygendiffusion.     

Niobium Extraction from Baotou Iron Ore Containing Niobium

The experimental results of niobium enrichment in laboratory and in blast furnace in Baotou Iron andSteel Corporation were reported.The effects of temperature,constituents of slag and silicon content in hotmetal on niobium recovery were studied and the results have been verified by blast furnace operation.Opticaland electronic microscopy and EPMA was observed that at the metal-slag interface there is NbC deposit layerobstructed Nb entering into the metal,By raising the temperature of hearth and agitating the bath,the reduc-tion of niobium oxide in slag could be speeded up,the solubility of Nb in hot metal could increase and thedeposited NbC layer became thinner and even disappeared,in result,Nb recovery was increased.A compre-hensive extraction process combining ore dressing with pyro-hydro-metallurgy was suggested for Baotouniobium resource which was difficult to be concentrated formerly.The methods of increasing niobium recoverywere also suggested.     

The role of crystallographic and geometrical relationships between α and β phases in an α/β titanium alloy

The present study has examined for α/β-Ti alloys the relationship between the morphology and crystallography of Widmanstätten plates of α-Ti in colonies within a prior grain of β-Ti. Thus, optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize the morphological features of the microstructure, whereas orientation-imaging microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been employed to reveal crystallographic information. It has been discovered that within a prior β-Ti grain, although the growth direction of the Widmanstätten plates in given colonies may differ by large angles from α-plates in other colonies, they may exhibit very close crystallographic relationships. For example, inclined α-plates may share common basal planes and be related by a rotation of ~10.5° about the c-axis of the crystals. This phenomenon has been interpreted on the basis of variant selection of the Burgers orientation relationship commonly adopted between the α and β phases in these alloys. Similar relationships have been observed in α-colonies growing either side of a given prior β grain boundary. These latter observations have been used to draw conclusions concerning the precipitation of α on prior β grain boundaries.