Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Bi-Cu-Zn Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Bi-Cu-Zn ternary system has been firstly and comprehensively investigated by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) with equilibrated alloys. Two isothermal sections of the Bi-Cu-Zn ternary system at 500 and 650 °C were determined. Based on the experimental data of phase equilibria, the Bi-Cu-Zn ternary system was also thermodynamically optimized using the Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) method. The experimental result shows that Bi is almost insoluble in the Cu-Zn binary compounds and (Cu) phase. It is found that the critical temperatures of the miscibility gaps in the Bi-Cu and Bi-Zn binary systems gradually increase with the increasing of the third element Zn or Cu additions. Moreover, the composition range of the liquid miscibility gap gradually reduces with the temperature increasing.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Al-Bi-Sn Ternary System

This work first deals with the experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation in the Al-Bi-Sn ternary system. The phase equilibria at 400 and 500 °C in the Al-Bi-Sn ternary system have been experimentally determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) on the equilibrated alloys. Based on the experimental data determined in the present work, the phase equilibria in the Al-Bi-Sn ternary system have been thermodynamically assessed by using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method, and a consistent set of thermodynamic parameters leading to reasonable agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained. The additions of Sn can effectively reduce the stable liquid miscibility gap in the Al-Bi binary system and gradually decrease its critical temperature. And the additions of Bi can significantly stabilize the metastable liquid miscibility gap in the Al-Sn binary system. This is shown by an initial decrease in critical temperature with increasing Bi additions.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Cr-Hf-Ti Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Cr-Hf-Ti ternary system has been firstly investigated by electron probe micro-analyzer, x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry on equilibrated alloys. Three isothermal sections of the Cr-Hf-Ti ternary system at 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C were determined. Meanwhile, this ternary system was also thermodynamically optimized using the calculation of phase diagrams method. The calculated result replies that the existing temperature range of the C15 (Cr₂Hf) increased due to addition of the third element Ti.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Cu-Nb-Zr Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Cu-Nb-Zr ternary system at 900, 1000 and 1100 °C were experimentally investigated by optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis on the equilibrated alloys. Combined with the obtained experimental results, the phase equilibria of Cu-Nb-Zr ternary system were thermodynamically optimized using the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams) method. The Gibbs free energies of the phases in the present work were described by appropriate models. A consistent set of the thermodynamic parameters leading to reasonable agreement between the calculated data and experimental results was obtained in the Cu-Nb-Zr ternary system.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Co-Cu-V Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Co-Cu-V ternary system at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C have been experimentally determined by optical microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis of the equilibrated alloys. The phase transformations were investigated by means of the differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the experimental data of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties, the thermodynamic assessment of the Co-Cu-V ternary system was carried out by using the calculation of phase diagrams method. A consistent set of the thermodynamic parameters leading to reasonable agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained in the Co-Cu-V ternary system. Meanwhile, the calculated results show that the critical temperature of metastable magnetically induced miscibility gap of (α _f Co) and (α _p Co) phases in the Co-V system gradually decreases with increasing Cu composition in the range of 0-3 wt.% additions.     

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Cu-Fe-Zr Ternary System

The phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system was experimentally investigated by optical microscopy, electron probe micro-analyzer and x-ray diffraction on the equilibriated alloys. Three isothermal sections of the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system at 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C were experimentally determined, and no ternary compound was found in this system. The further result in the present work shows that the Fe₂₃Zr₆ phase in the Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system is an equilibrium phase rather than oxygen-stabilized phase.     

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Fe-Si-Ti Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Fe-Si-Ti ternary system were investigated by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), back scattered electron (BSE) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the equilibrated alloys. Twenty-four alloys of the Fe-Si-Ti ternary system were prepared. In this study, three isothermal sections of the Fe-Si-Ti ternary system at 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C were respectively determined and seven ternary compounds were confirmed. The ηFe₅Si₃ phase is discovered at 1100 and disappeared at 1200 °C. The obtained experimental results show that there is large solubilities of Si in the TiFe₂ phase. The newly determined phase equilibria of the Fe-Si-Ti system will provide useful information for the development of silicon steels.     

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Ni-Cr-Si Ternary System

Phase equilibria of the Ni-Cr-Si ternary system at 1000 and 1100 °C have been experimentally investigated by means of electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the equilibrated alloys. In the present work, the existence of the ternary compounds of σ (Cr₁₃Ni₅Si₂), π (Cr₃Ni₅Si₂), τ₁ (Cr₂Ni₂Si) and τ₂ (Cr₃Ni₃Si₄), at both 1000 and 1100 °C is confirmed. The binary γ (Ni₃₁Si₁₂), δ (Ni₂Si), and CrSi phases exhibit a considerable solubility of a third element. Additionally, a liquid phase region is found at 1100 °C in the ranges of 15.5-21.3 at.% Cr and 22.1-25.1 at.% Si.     

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Fe-Si-Zr Ternary System

The phase equilibria of the Fe-Si-Zr ternary system at 1273 and 1373 K have been experimentally investigated using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer and x-ray diffraction. In the present study, the established isothermal sections are characterized by a series of binary phases, ternary compounds and solid solutions. FeZr₂ and SiZr₂ do not form a continuous solid solution at 1273 and 1373 K. A new phase denoted here as τ₉ (29Fe42Si29Zr) was found at both temperatures. The measured composition of the τ₈ phase agrees with the formula Fe₄Si₂Zr found in the previous structural investigations. The newly determined phase equilibria of the Fe-Si-Zr system will provide important information for the development of silicon steels.     

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Nb-Si-V Ternary System

In this study, three isothermal sections of the Nb-Si-V ternary system at 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C were experimentally established by means of back-scattered electron, electron probe microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. The isothermal sections at 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C have similar phase relationships, in which five three-phase regions have been determined. In all three isothermal sections, the (Nb,V)₂Si compound has been found for the first time, and the compounds NbSi₂ and VSi₂ form a complete solid solution phase (Nb,V)Si₂.     

Mo-Ti-Ru三元系相平衡的实验研究

本研究利用电子探针成分分析和X射线衍射分析等技术建立Mo-Ti-Ru三元系的1100°C和1300°C等温截面相图,实验结果表明：(1)在1100℃等温截面相图中存在三个三相区,而1300℃等温截面相图中存在两个三相区;(2)在1100℃等温截面中,由于Ti的加入,σ-Mo₅Ru₃相被稳定化并形成一个小单相区;(3)在1100℃和1300℃等温截面相图中,(βTi, Mo)相均从富Mo侧一直延伸至富Ti侧,并且具有较大的固溶度。Mo-Ti-Ru三元系相平衡的测定为Ti基合金热力学数据库的建立提供基础理论信息。     

Ni-Co-Sn三元系相平衡的实验研究

本实验通过采用电子探针显微分析和X-ray衍射分析方法实验研究了Ni-Co-Sn三元体系在700°C和1000°C时的相平衡。在这两个温度截面中均未发现三元化合物。βCo3Sn2相和Ni3Sn2（h）相形成了一个贯穿连续固溶体相。Ni-Sn侧包含Ni3Sn（l）、Ni3Sn（h）和Ni3Sn4三个化合物相,它们中Sn的固溶度是有很大区别的。700°C时,Co在Ni3Sn（l）和Ni3Sn4中的最大固溶度在分别约为6.9 at.%和25.6 at.%,在1000°C时,Co在Ni3Sn（h）中的最大固溶度约为15.5 at.%。在700℃和1000℃下,Ni-Co侧的（αCo,Ni）相为一个贯穿连续固溶体相,并且Sn在（αCo,Ni）相中的固溶度约为1 at.% ~10.5 at.%。Ni在线性化合物CoSn相中的溶解度约为15.9 at.%。     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the B-Co-Zn Ternary System

The 450 °C isothermal section of the B-Co-Zn ternary system has been determined using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. Seven three-phase regions exist in the 450 °C isothermal section, and no ternary compound is found. The experimental results indicate that the maximum solubility of B in β₁, γ, γ₁ and γ₂ is 0.31, 2.54, 0.52 and 2.51 at.%, respectively. The solubility of Zn in Co₂B and CoB is not greater than 0.6 at.%. On the basis of the literature data of the thermodynamic assessment of Co-B, Co-Zn binary systems and B-Zn system obtained in the present work, the phase diagram calculation for B-Co-Zn ternary system was carried out by means of CALPHAD method. The calculated results and the experimental data are in good agreement.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the Phase Equilibria in the Cu-Cr-W and Cu-Cr-Mo Systems

Phase equilibria of the Cu-Cr-W and Cu-Cr-Mo systems were experimentally determined by using metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) techniques. Based on the experimental data determined by the present work, the thermodynamic assessments of the Cu-Cr-W and Cu-Cr-Mo systems were carried out by using CALPHAD method. A consistent set of the thermodynamic parameters has been obtained, which leaded to a good fit between calculated results and the experimental data in both the Cu-Cr-W and Cu-Cr-Mo systems.     

Thermodynamic Calculation of Phase Equilibria in the C-Mo-Zr System

The C-Mo-Zr system was assessed by means of the CALPHAD approach. All of the phase equilibria available from the literature were critically reviewed. The liquid was modeled as substitutional solution phase, while the carbides including fcc-(Mo,Zr)C_1?x, bcc-(Mo), bcc-(Zr), hcp-Mo₂C, hcp-(Zr) and η-MoC were described by using corresponding sublattice models. The laves-Mo₂Zr and shp-MoC phases were considered as binary compounds with no solubility for the third component. The existence of ternary phase was not reported in this system. The modeling of C-Mo-Zr ternary system covers the entire composition and temperature ranges, and a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the C-Mo-Zr system was systematically optimized. Comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and reported phase diagram data show that the reliable information is satisfactorily accounted for by the present modeling. The liquidus projection and reaction scheme of the C-Mo-Zr system were also generated based on the present thermodynamic assessment.     

Experimental Determination of Phase Equilibria in the Co-Cr-V Ternary System

The phase equilibria in the Co-Cr-V ternary system were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and x-ray diffraction. Four isothermal sections of the Co-Cr-V ternary system at 800, 1000, 1100 and 1200?°C were established. The experimental results show that: (1) no ternary compound was found in this system; (2) the ?? and (V, Cr) phases form the continuous solid solutions from the Co-Cr side to Co-V side in the isothermal sections at 800-1200?°C.     

Phase Equilibria Calculation of the Ga-In-Sb Ternary System

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