全流透平喷嘴开发现状

本文对国外已开发的几种典型结构的全流透平喷嘴进行了述评。全流透平是以热水与蒸汽混合的两相流作工质.这些喷嘴虽然结构相异,但它们的共同点是都能充分促成水滴微粒化,从而提高透平效率,减轻水滴对动叶的腐蚀作用。其中弹性体喷嘴不仅可广泛应用于以汽水两相流作为工质的透平机械,而且可作为燃料之类的喷雾喷嘴使用。     

海洋温差能向心透平的气动设计及性能研究

通过对7.5 kW海洋温差能向心透平的蜗壳、喷嘴和叶轮进行气动设计,模拟研究了透平在设计工况及非设计工况下的气动性能。采用经验参数及遗传算法优化方法对透平的一维参数进行设计,得到一维设计结果,并据此对蜗壳、喷嘴和叶轮进行三维设计,得到透平的气动结构造型。利用CFD技术模拟研究了透平的三维流场及性能,得到透平在设计工况及非设计工况下的性能,模拟结果表明:在设计工况下,透平效率为86.5%;在非设计工况下,透平效率随着叶轮转速的增加而增大,但增加至设计转速后,透平效率增加幅度较小;随着进口温度的升高,透平效率逐渐增大;当进口压力为设计工况压力时,透平效率存在最大值;非设计工况下的透平功率基本与叶轮转速、进口压力和进口温度均呈正相关;设计工况下的最佳喷嘴-叶轮相对径向间隙为0.05,可变喷嘴叶片安装角为35～40°。     

气动喷嘴雾化特性的数值研究

对于内混式喷嘴,气液存在强烈的混合作用,决定雾化性能的最主要因素是作为雾化剂的高速气体与作为雾化介质的液体进行动量交换的强度。对气动喷嘴的雾化特性进行了数值模拟,对喷嘴内的流动现象进行了分析,得到了一些有益的结论。     

千兆瓦级超临界CO2透平结构设计及性能分析

针对以燃煤锅炉为热源的超临界CO_2发电系统,采用集约化和新型轴系布置策略的设计理念,结合动力机械理论和热力学计算模型,对千兆瓦级超临界CO_2透平进行几何结构设计以及性能评估。结果表明:所设计的千兆瓦级超临界CO_2透平包含一个2×3级高压缸和一个2×3级中低压缸,功率分别达到618.1和743.6 MW,总功率为1 361.7 MW。与同级别千兆瓦级超超临界汽轮机比较,超临界CO_2透平具有较为显著的技术经济性能。设计结果可为千兆瓦级超临界CO_2透平的设计、优化和运行提供参考。     

透平叶片的气动优化设计系统

发展了一个叶轮机械叶片全三维粘性杂交问题的气动优化设计系统。该系统包括分析技术与组合优化技术的耦合：前者基于高精度、鲁棒型的数值分析方法，已成功地用于蒸汽透平叶片的流动分析．并经详细考核已将其纳入到了实际的叶片气动设计体系；后者基于优秀的iSIGHT商用优化平台．通过对多种优化方法的集成从而发展了组合的叶片全三维气动优化策略。数值结果与试验数据的比较表明了这一气动优化设计系统真正纳入到工业设计体系是完全可能的。     

15MW跨临界二氧化碳透平方案设计

基于蒸汽透平的设计理论和经验,对一台15MW跨临界二氧化碳轴流背压式透平进行设计及分析。通过热力、气动、结构等多方面的设计和合理性验证,在透平功率、效率等指标满足预期要求的情况下,结构设计合理,设计方案可行。     

某型喷嘴流量特性的数值模拟

本文以某内混式气动喷嘴为研究对象,对喷嘴内部的气液双相流动进行了数值模拟,通过对计算结果的分析研究了该喷嘴气体和液体的流量特性,为今后相关喷嘴的设计工作奠定了一定的基础。     

轴流可调喷嘴增压器的设计

目前增压器的搭载控制系统智能调节的可调喷嘴机构绝大部分都应用于汽车类的小型径流涡轮增压器,径流涡轮可调喷嘴的机械传导结构的传导层级少、部件简单,实施可调喷嘴技术较为容易.铁路机车上中速柴油机应用的大型轴流式涡轮增压器,在近几年才开始采用智能化的可调喷嘴技术,以改善柴油机部分负荷工况下的性能,并更好地适应各种环境变化.文...     

MS1002D燃气轮机透平二级可调喷嘴系统故障及排除

本文简要地介绍了ＭＳ１００２Ｄ型分轴燃气轮机机组透平二级可调喷嘴控制调节系统的故障现象、原因分析和排除方法。     

Straight-leaned blade aerodynamics of a turbine nozzle blade row with low span-diameter ratio

Compound-leaned blades have been applied for the design of turbomachinery for reducing secondary flow losses and then improving the aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamics features are not clear enough so far and, therefore, have been investigated by many authors experimentally and numerically. The present study on turbomachinery aerodynamics is emphasized on the leaning effects of straight-leaned turbine nozzle blades with low span-diameter ratio (less than 0.1). This kind of blades has relatively low efficiency. This is due to that the blades are too short and then the loss contours of both tip and hub surfaces are merged with each other. How to increase the efficiency becomes one of the important subjects, which is faced to the turbomachinery community. Effects of straight-leaned blades in a turbine nozzle blade row with low span-diameter ratio have been assessed using three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations.     

风力机双层叶片式翼型气动性能

为了提高风力机的发电效率,优化风机叶片的翼型,以NREL研发的S809翼型为优化对象,设计了双层叶片翼型模型,利用Auto CAD软件建立了双层叶片翼型的几何模型。采取计算流体力学方法(CFD方法),对0~25.21°等26个攻角下双层叶片翼型进行气动计算,对其附近流场的流线图、压力分布云图、压力系数分布进行了分析,并与S809基准翼型进行了比较。结果表明:双层叶片翼型使叶片在不增加翼展的情况下增大升力;相比S809基准翼型,双层叶片翼型将失速攻角增加了6°;最大升力系数在S809翼型1.059的基础上增大到了1.363,研究结果为今后双层叶片翼型的研究打下了基础。     

单晶涡轮叶片强度分析与结构优化设计

为提高某型燃气轮机的工作可靠性,对单晶涡轮叶片进行了强度分析与结构优化设计。采用第四强度理论,考虑了晶体取向、温度载荷、气动载荷和转速的影响,得到叶片的应力分布、典型截面的强度储备系数;根据诺顿蠕变方程计算关键节点的持久寿命;基于分析结果对叶片局部结构进行优化改进,将叶片质心向叶背侧偏移,调整进气前缘气膜孔的排列方式,并对新结构进行强度复算。结果表明：优化后的叶片静强度符合设计要求,消除了局部结构处的应力集中现象,叶身结构强度储备系数高于1.3,叶身两侧应力分布更加均匀,叶片在设计转速10%裕度范围内无共振现象发生。     

Pneumatic measurements downstream of a radial turbine nozzle cascade

This paper deals mainly with pneumatic measurements on a radial turbine nozzle cascade. The fill radial cascade guarantees the exit flow field periodicity downstream of it. A special traversing mechanism with a five - hole conical probe moving along a circular path behind the cascade was used for flow field investigation in this type of cascade with very low aspect ratio. The analyses of results of 2D and 3D pneumatic measurements including loss coefficient values are presented.     

Forced responses on a radial turbine with nozzle guide vanes

Radial turbines with nozzle guide vanes are widely used in various size turbochargers. However, due to the inter- ferences with guide vanes, the blades of impellers are exposed to intense unsteady aerodynamic excitations, which cause blade vibrations and lead to high cycle failures （HCF）.Moreover, the harmonic resonance in some frequency regions are unavoidable due to the wide operation conditions. Aiming to achieve a detail insight into vibration characteristics of radial flow turbine, a numerical method based on fluid .structure interaction （FSI） is presented. Firstly, the unsteady aerodynamic loads are determined by computational fluid dynamics （CFD）.And the fluctuating pressures are transformed from time domain to frequency domain by fast Fourier-transform （FFT）. Then, the entire rotor model is adopted to analyze frequencies and mode shapes considering mistuning in finite element （FE） method. Meanwhile, harmonic analyses, applying the pressure fluctuation from CFD, are conducted to investigate the impeller vibration behavior and blade forced response in frequency domain. The prediction of the vibration dynamic stress shows acceptable agreement to the blade actual damage in consistent tendency.     

某燃气轮机涡轮叶片复合冷却结构优化设计

为了提高涡轮叶片设计效率,搭建了基于一维管网理论的iSIGHT优化设计平台,获得了叶片的优化结构,并对其进行三维仿真计算分析。研究表明：优化前后叶片的气动性能变化不大,总压损失仅在端壁处略有差别;优化后涡轮叶片的壁面温度分布更加均匀,壁面的最高温度降低,温度梯度减小,最大相对温差降低10%左右;在降低叶片热应力的同时相对冷却效率提高1.0%。     

TMT40.3大型风力机叶片气动性能分析

基于BLADED软件平台,对TMT40.3大型风力机叶片的气动性能进行了分析.分析结果表明:TMT40.3大型风力机叶片应用在GL3A风场时的额定功率能达到1 650 kW,所承受的疲劳强度和极限载荷均能满足该款风力机叶片的设计要求,在叶尖速比为7.8～11.4的风能利用系数均在0.46以上,最高可达0.486,具有较好的气动性能和较宽的风速适应范围.     

Aeroelastic multidisciplinary design optimization of a swept wind turbine blade

Mitigating loads on a wind turbine rotor can reduce the cost of energy. Sweeping blades produces a structural coupling between flapwise bending and torsion, which can be used for load alleviation purposes. A multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problem is formulated including the blade sweep as a design variable. A multifidelity approach is used to confront the crucial effects of structural coupling on the estimation of the loads. During the MDO, ultimate and damage equivalent loads are estimated using steady‐state and frequency‐domain–based models, respectively. The final designs are verified against time‐domain full design load basis aeroelastic simulations to ensure that they comply with the constraints. A 10‐MW wind turbine blade is optimized by minimizing a cost function that includes mass and blade root flapwise fatigue loading. The design space is subjected to constraints that represent all the necessary requirements for standard design of wind turbines. Simultaneous aerodynamic and structural optimization is performed with and without sweep as a design variable. When sweep is included in the MDO process, further minimization of the cost function can be obtained. To show this achievement, a set of optimized straight blade designs is compared to a set of optimized swept blade designs. Relative to the respective optimized straight designs, the blade mass of the swept blades is reduced of an extra 2% to 3% and the blade root flapwise fatigue damage equivalent load by a further 8%.     

Optimum aerodynamic design for wind turbine blade with a Rankine vortex wake

This paper presents a model to optimize the distribution of chord and twist angle of horizontal axis wind turbine blades, taking into account the influence of the wake, by using a Rankine vortex. This model is applied to both large and small wind turbines, aiming to improve the aerodynamics of the wind rotor, and particularly useful for the case of wind turbines operating at low tip-speed ratios. The proposed optimization is based on maximizing the power coefficient, coupled with the general relationship between the axial induction factor in the rotor plane and in the wake. The results show an increase in the chord and a slightly decrease in the twist angle distributions as compared to other classical optimization methods, resulting in an improved aerodynamic shape of the blade. An evaluation of the efficiency of wind rotors designed with the proposed model is developed and compared other optimization models in the literature, showing an improvement in the power coefficient of the wind turbine.     

风力机模型叶片结构设计计算

设计了一种用于风洞实验的风力机模型叶片,为了使模型叶片的结构设计达到试验要求,基于传统Wilson方法,考虑叶尖损失和失速状态下动量理论的失效修正,采用改进后的Wilson优化设计方法 ,利用MATLAB优化工具箱计算出各截面的参数,然后针对叶片的受力情况,根据各截面几何参数利用材料力学理论知识对叶片的强度和刚度进行校核,计算得到叶片的总应力、转角和挠度沿叶高的分布曲线。分析表明,叶片的最大总应力、最大转角和最大挠度都远小于叶片材料的许用值。因此,该风力机模型叶片在结构设计、强度和刚度上是满足要求的,为风力机模型的进一步试验研究奠定了基础。