面向云计算安全的无证书代理重加密方案

在无证书公钥密码体制下研究代理重加密技术,给出无证书代理重加密系统的形式化定义与安全模型,构建一个新的无证书代理重加密方案,并在随机预言模型下证明其在适应性选择明文攻击下是安全的。基于该方案,云服务商可利用用户提供的代理钥,将待分享的加密数据转换为针对其他用户的密文,其他用户采用自身私钥进行解密并访问原始数据,达到共享数据的目的。分析结果表明,该方案能够有效保证云环境下数据存储与共享的安全性及可靠性。     

具有高效授权的无证书公钥认证可搜索加密方案

设计了1个高效授权的无证书密码环境下的公钥认证可搜索加密方案的安全模型,并提出了具体的具有高效授权的无证书公钥认证可搜索加密方案。该方案中云服务器利用数据属主对密文关键词索引的签名进行数据属主的身份验证;其次,数据用户对授权服务器进行授权,授权服务器可以对数据用户进行验证,若数据用户合法,则协助数据用户对云服务器返回的密文执行有效性的验证;同时,数据属主与数据用户利用云服务器公钥生成的密文关键词索引与陷门搜索凭证,可以保证密文关键词索引与陷门搜索凭证满足公开信道中的传输安全。最后使用仿真验证了所提方案的效率。     

用于云存储的主动秘密共享方案北大核心CSCD

文章提出了一种可用于云存储场景的多秘密共享方案,该方案基于门限密码学和主动安全技术,旨在保证数据在较长时间内的存储安全。该方案首先将用户上传的机密数据拆分成多个秘密,并对这些秘密进行秘密共享。然后选择不同的云服务提供商对共享后的影子份额分别进行存储,从而满足(k,n)阈值方案的安全性。在这个过程中,秘密分发者负责对秘密进行分发和共享,并确保每个云服务提供商只持有一部分数据的影子份额。为了保证系统的安全性,该方案在份额更新和验证阶段采用周期性的策略,使得攻击者只有在一个更新周期内攻破不小于k个云服务提供商,才能获取原秘密或关于它的信息。该方案不仅避免了各云服务商之间的直接交互,降低了云存储服务商间的通信交互代价,而且采用门限密码学和主动安全技术,保证了系统的安全性和数据的长时安全存储。通过与其他方案的对比分析证明了文章所提方案效率更高,更适合存储大规模秘密数据。     

EMCA:一种新的多云存储中高效的多副本审计方案

云数据审计是一项允许数据所有者在不下载数据的情况下检查数据是否在远程云服务器上完整存储的技术。目前,云数据审计可分为单副本审计和多副本审计,针对多副本审计方案中计算开销大以及无法审计多云存储数据的不足,提出了一种在多云情景下高效的多副本云数据审计方案。所提方案使用较轻量级的模幂加密技术代替传统上计算成本较高的双线性配对技术,以降低在审计过程中的计算开销,提高了方案的效率。为每个副本数据块生成一个同态验证标签(HVT)作为元数据,当用户发出审计要求,每个云服务提供商生成对应的证据,由云服务器管理者聚合证据,实现了在多云存储中的审计。安全分析表明,所提方案可抵挡恶意云服务提供商的伪造攻击,以及恶意云服务提供商与第三方审计者的合谋攻击。性能分析表明,所提方案在计算开销上低于现有多副本审计方案,实现了高效的多云存储多副本审计。     

基于红黑树的共享电子病历数据完整性验证方案

为了解决共享电子病历的隐私性及数据完整性问题,在平行区块链架构的基础上,文中提出了一种基于红黑树的共享电子病历数据完整性验证方案.首先,医患完整性验证信息以不同的属性基加密的方式分别存储在患者链和医生链上,而医患数据具体信息存储在云服务提供商CSP的链下服务器上;其次,构造基于红黑树的数据完整性验证方案及动态数据更新方案.安全性分析表明,所提方案不但具有公开可验证性,能有效抵抗云服务器的伪造攻击,而且能保障用户及患者信息的隐私性,具有较高的完整性验证效率及数据更新效率.     

基于云存储的多用户可搜索加密方案

云存储服务允许用户外包数据并以此来降低资源开销。针对云服务器不被完全信任的现状,文章研究如何在云环境下对数据进行安全存储和加密搜索。多用户的可搜索加密方案为用户提供了一种保密机制,使用户可以在不受信任的云存储环境下安全地共享信息。在现有的可搜索加密方案的基础上,文章提出了一种安全有效的带关键字搜索的加密方案,以及更加灵活的密钥管理机制,降低了云端数据处理的开销。     

多关键词动态可搜索加密方案

云存储用户将数据外包存储至云服务器以节省本地存储资源。然而,云存储数据脱离了用户的物理控制范围,可导致云端隐私数据被恶意窃取或泄露。目前动态可搜索加密方案多以对称可搜索加密为主,需要预先建立安全的密钥共享信道,难以直接应用于云存储数据共享场景。针对云存储多方数据的安全共享场景,提出了一种多关键词动态可搜索加密方案。该方案通过引入布谷鸟过滤器构建正向索引,实现数据拥有者对文档及索引的动态添加和删除。同时结合双线性对与拉格朗日插值多项式,可支持多关键词的联合搜索。为降低密文检索阶段的计算开销,采用倒排索引与正向索引结合的构造,以提高云服务器的检索效率。基于判定线性Diffie-Hellman问题,在适应性选择关键词攻击下可证明方案的安全性。通过实验分析所提方案在不同数据集中进行关键词搜索及索引更新的执行效率,结果表明所提方案可有效避免检索时间与密文数量的线性相关性,降低了数据量较大情况下更新操作中的计算开销。     

基于区块链的用电数据存储方案

针对智能电网用电数据存储系统中用电数据的安全问题,结合区块链共识机制、加密机制、对等网络和云存储技术,提出一种基于区块链的用电数据云存储方案,以确保用电数据的安全存储和共享.通过实用拜占庭协议,实现网络节点的共识,访问控制机制实现用电数据信息的共享,区块链存储用电数据的公共信息,并将用电数据的真实数据加密存储在数据库或云存储中,方便有效地实现敏感用户用电数据的存储和系统间的信息共享.在联盟链的环境下选取若干网络节点进行性能测试,通过安全性分析表明,该方案能安全、可靠地存储用电数据并且大大降低了网络节点的计算开销.     

基于云服务器辅助的多方隐私交集计算协议

隐私集合交集(Private Set Intersection,PSI)技术允许私有集合数据持有方联合计算出集合交集而不泄露交集外的任何隐私信息.作为安全多方计算中的重要密码学工具,该技术已被广泛应用于人工智能和数据挖掘的安全领域.随着多源数据共享时代的到来,大多数PSI协议主要解决两方隐私集合交集问题,一般无法直接推广到多方隐私交集计算场景.文中设计了基于云服务器辅助的多方隐私交集计算协议,能将部分计算和通信外包给不可信云服务器而又不会泄露任何隐私数据,通过使用不经意伪随机函数、秘密共享和键值对打包方法使得协议更高效.通过模拟范例证明了协议在半诚实模型下能够安全地计算多方隐私集合交集,所有参与方和云服务器都无法窃取额外数据.与现有方案相比,所提协议受限制更少,适用范围更广.     

云存储完整性验证密码学技术研究进展

云存储完整性验证技术允许用户将数据存储至云端服务器,并为用户提供可验证的完整性保证。典型的云存储完整性验证方案由两个阶段组成：一是数据处理阶段,用户使用私钥处理数据、生成可验证的元数据存储于云服务器,而本地只需保存与数据相关的一些参数,如密钥和数据标签等;二是数据完整性验证阶段,验证者通过和云服务器交互执行一个挑战/证明协议,能够以极高的概率判断出云端数据当前的完整性。到目前为止,已经涌现了大量的相关密码学方案。本文对可证明安全的可公开验证的云存储完整性验证关键密码学技术研究进展进行简要回顾,主要涵盖代理数据外包技术、代理完整性验证技术、基于身份的数据外包技术以及几种计算和通信效率优化技术等。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。