白骨壤提取物抑菌活性研究

以白骨壤叶为原料,以4种常见病原菌为供试菌种,采用生物活性追踪法研究了白骨壤叶提取物的抑菌活性。利用滤纸片扩散法对白骨壤叶不同溶剂提取物进行初步抑菌试验,确定出抑菌活性成分所在部位,并对有效部位的有效成分进行纯化、定性检测和抑菌试验。结果表明,95%乙醇提取液对4种病原菌都有较强的抑菌效果,石油醚稍有抑菌作用,水提液无抑菌作用。利用大孔吸附树脂对抑菌活性较强的乙醇提取液进行进一步分离,得到2个抑菌活性组分,它们对4种试验菌的抑菌效果与浓度呈正相关关系。纯化物对4种供试菌的抑菌大小顺序为大肠杆菌>根霉>枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌,初步的定性试验结果表明,有抑菌活性的纯化物中含有生物碱、黄酮、蒽醌等。     

人参茎叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究了热水浸提法从人参茎叶中提取水溶性多糖.体内实验测定小鼠免疫器官指数,体外实验测定腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红(3-氨基-6甲氨基-2甲基吩嗪盐酸盐)能力,并采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力.结果表明,人参茎叶多糖含量为81.67%.体内、外实验显示,人参茎叶多糖能增加小鼠免疫器官的总质量并能明显提高腹腔巨噬细胞奋噬能力及脾细胞增殖能力.     

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of pectic polysaccharide isolated from celery stalks

A pectic polysaccharide called apiuman was isolated from fresh celery stalks by extraction with an aqueous ammonium oxalate followed by ultrafiltration, and was shown to consist of d-galacturonic acid (GalA, 81.0%), l-rhamnose (Rha, 2.6%), l-arabinose (Ara, 2.5%), and d-galactose (Gal, 3.6%) residues. Apiuman was found to be digestible with α-1,4-d-galacturonase to yield d-GalA, thus confirming that apiuman represents a pectic polysaccharide. The purified apiuman (AG) obtained was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose to produce two polysaccharide fractions, AG-1 and AG-2, which had similar sugar compositions. Partial acid hydrolysis of apiuman, AG, revealed galacturonan to be at the core of the macromolecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the backbone of apiuman appeared to represent α-1,4-d-galacturonan, with considerable amounts of l-Rha residues involved by α-1,2-linkages in the linear chain of the macromolecule core. The side chains were found to consist of Ara and Gal attached at the 4-position of the Rha residues.     

白骨壤叶黄酮提取及抗氧化活性研究

研究了白骨壤叶黄酮超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,并进行了初步性质鉴定。结果表明:白骨壤叶黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比1:15,乙醇浓度80%vol,超声功率300W,超声时间25min。在此条件下,白骨壤叶黄酮的含量为5.43%。抗氧化结果:在试验范围内,白骨壤叶黄酮的纯化物和粗提物对HO.和O2軈.的清除能力及其还原力均随着黄酮浓度的增大而表现出明显的量效关系,并且均高于相同浓度的VC和柠檬酸。表明白骨壤叶黄酮是一种极具潜力的天然抗氧化剂。颜色反应和UV光谱法显示白骨壤叶纯化物主要含有黄酮和黄酮醇类成分。     

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of a pectic polysaccharide isolated from sweet pepper using a simulated gastric medium

A pectic polysaccharide named capsicuman (CA) was isolated from fresh sweet pepper by extraction with a saline solution containing hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5) and pepsin at 37 °C for 4 h. Capsicuman was shown to consist of d-galacturonic acid (GalA, 74.0%), rhamnose (Rha, 1.6%), arabinose (Ara, 2.6%) and galactose (Gal, 2.4%) residues. This polysaccharide was digestible with 1,4-alpha-d-galacturonase to yield d-GalA, thus confirming capsicuman as a pectic polysaccharide. Partial acid hydrolysis of capsicuman revealed galacturonan to be the core of the macromolecule. Purified capsicuman (CA-2) was obtained from CA by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the backbone of capsicuman contained 1,4-alpha-d-galacturonan partially substituted with methyl and O-acetyl ester groups. After oral administration to mice, capsicuman CA, CA-2 and the galacturonanic fragment of CA (CA-H) were found to decrease tumour necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha release and to increase production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood. This pectin was also shown to improve the survival of mice that were subjected to a lethal dose of LPS.     

Chemical composition and immunomodulatory activity of a pectic polysaccharide from the ground thistle Cirsium esculentum Siev.

The pectic polysaccharide cirsiuman CE was extracted from the stems of the ground thistle Cirsium esculentum Siev. using 0.7% aqueous ammonium oxalate, yielding 10.4% of the air-dried material. The backbone of cirsiuman was proved to consist of 1,4-α-d-galactopyranosyluronan blocks interconnected by 1,2-linked l-rhamnose residues. The side chains were attached to the 4-position of the l-rhamnopyranose residues. The side chains include 1,4-β-galactopyranan, which contains 3,4- and 4,6-substituted d-galactopyranose residues as branched points, and 1,5-α-arabinofuranan bearing 3,5-substituted α-l-arabinofuranose residues as the branching points. Oral administration of cirsiuman was found to prevent induction of oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OVA), increased the levels of serum IgG2a, and downregulated serum IgE responses, therefore it was tested for anti-allergic properties. The score of systemic anaphylactic reaction and the levels of both serum IgE and IL-4 were found to decrease; however, IFN-γ response was upregulated by cirsiuman feeding.     

白骨壤叶总黄酮的超声辅助提取及抗氧化活性研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法研究乙醇体积分数、固液比、超声功率和提取时间4个白骨壤叶总黄酮超声辅助提取因素,并比较白骨壤叶总黄酮的体外抗氧化作用。结果表明:白骨壤叶黄酮超声提取的最佳工艺条件为以粒度40～60目的白骨壤叶干粉为原料、乙醇体积分数64.39%、固液比1:28.20(g/mL)、提取功率293.63W、提取时间40.00min,该条件下白骨壤叶中总黄酮提取率为4.185%。白骨壤叶总黄酮体外清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的IC50值分别0.232、0.829、23.692mg/L,其清除3种自由基的能力均高于VC。     

浒苔多糖脂质体的制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究

采用薄膜超声分散法制备了浒苔多糖脂质体,通过正交试验确定了最佳制备条件为脂药比20∶1(g/g)、膜材比3∶1(g/g)、载药温度35℃。浒苔多糖脂质体体外释放速度缓慢,48 h后基本释放完全。体外抗肿瘤试验表明,浒苔多糖脂质体表现出比原料更好的缓释作用和抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖作用。     

Structure,conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Morchella sextelata

Fungal polysaccharides are novel ingredients in functional foods with diverse medicinal properties. Here, a polysaccharide, MSP2-1, was isolated from Morchella sextelata fruiting bodies and purified using column chromatography. MSP2-1 (371.5 kDa) is a branched (1 → 4)-α-D-glucan with the O-6 or O-3 position occupied by α-D-Glcp. Light scattering analysis revealed that MSP2-1 has a spherical conformation in 0.9% NaCl solution; this was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Finally, MPS2-1 was found to promote proliferation, NO release and cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells through a mechanism involving Toll-like receptor 4. Collectively, these results highlight the potential application of MSP2-1 as an immunoenhancing compound for hypoimmunity.     

响应面法优化白骨壤多糖的辅助水提工艺

对白骨壤多糖的超声提取工艺进行优化。在单因素实验的基础上,设计选取提取温度,超声时间,料液比,提取次数四个因素作为实验因素,以多糖得率为指标,利用响应面分析法,模拟得到回归方程的预估模型,最终确定白骨壤多糖的最优化提取条件为提取温度100℃,超声时间46min,料液比为1∶49,浸提次数1次,在此条件下实际得率为4.76%。      

响应面法优化白骨壤果实中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺

本文研究利用响应曲面法优化白骨壤果实中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺.在单因素试验的基础上,利用中心组合设计响应面试验、研究了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度和料液比(m/V)对白骨壤果实黄酮类化合物提取率的影响,并建立了回归模型.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度54.4℃、提取时间3.45 h、乙醇体积分数65.68%、料液...     

Structure characterization of a novel neutral polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a mushroom which has been used for health promotion for a long time in China. In the present work a neutral hetero-polysaccharide, named FYGL-1, was isolated from FYGL which was reported previously capable of antihyperglycemia in vivo for further detailed chemical structure investigation. The results of monosaccharide composition and GPC analysis indicated that FYGL-1 consisted of galactose, rhamnose and glucose in mole ratio of 1.00:1.15:3.22 with a molecular weight of 78kDa. The detailed structure of FYGL-1 was characterized by periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, along with FT-IR, GC, GC-MS, 1D (1)H and (13)C NMR and 2D NMR (HSQC, COSY, NOESY and TOCSY). Based on the analysis of the results, the structure of the repeating unit of FYGL-1 was established as:     

新型中国被毛孢胞内多糖HSIPS2链构象及抗氧化活性研究

以发酵得到的中国被毛孢菌丝体为原料进行热水浸提,经过醇沉、脱蛋白、脱色素以及DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱色谱和Sephacryl S-100凝胶柱色谱得到均一性多糖组分（HSIPS2）,并对该组分进行链构象及抗氧化活性分析。结果表明:HSIPS2的单糖组成及摩尔比例为葡萄糖∶半乳糖∶甘露糖∶核糖=48.52∶6.58∶5.17∶1.0,其绝对分子量为1.46×10⁴ g/mol,纯度为99.82%;该多糖在0.1 mol/L的Na NO3溶液中呈柔顺链构象,流体力学半径R_h=2.3 nm,M_L=334.05 nm^-1,q=0.70 nm,d=0.69 nm;同时,HSIPS2清除羟自由基的IC₅₀为0.749 mg/m L,氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC值）为872.80μmol TE/g,说明HSIPS2具有较高的抗氧化能力。      

Structural characterisation and antimutagenic activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Sepiella maindroni ink

A new heteropolysaccharide, named as SIP, was isolated from the ink of cuttlefish, Sepiella maindroni, by enzymolysis, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its antimutagenic activity. It was homogeneous with a molecular weight of 1.13 × 10⁴ Da by HPSEC–MALLS analysis. SIP contained glucuronic acid, mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose in a molar ratio of 1:1:2:2. Its structural characteristics were investigated and elucidated by methylation analysis, GLC–MS, and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, H–H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY and NOESY). The hexasaccharide repeating unit of SIP was found to be a backbone composed of fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and mannose in a molar ratio of 2:2:1, and with a single branch of glucuronic acid at the C-3 position of mannose. According to the micronucleus test, SIP could significantly reduce the frequency of micronucleated cells in polychromatic erythrocytes and reticulocytes induced by cyclophosphamide in tumor-bearing mice, which revealed that SIP presented strong antimutagenic activity.     

Structure characterization and antitumor activity of an α β-glucan polysaccharide from Auricularia polytricha

A fraction of a 0.05 M NaOH solution-soluble polysaccharide, termed AAFRC, was obtained from Auricularia polytricha by protease-assisted aqueous extraction followed by precipitation with ethanol and purification with gel filtration chromatography. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a TSK-G5000PW_XL column and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-400HR indicated that AAFRC is homogenous with an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 1.20 × 10⁶ Da. The structure of AAFRC was revealed by chemical methods including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that AAFRC is a glucan consisting 1,3-β-glucan, 1,4-α-glucan, and 1,3-α-glucan backbone with a single 1→)-α-d-glucopyranosyl side-branching unit on every six residues, on average, along the main chain. The growth of transplantable Sarcoma-180 (S₁₈₀) in mice was also significantly inhibited by AAFRC compared with the model controls (P < 0.01), with the inhibitory rate being 43.61%.     

Structure characterisation of polysaccharide isolated from huangjiu and its anti-inflammatory activity through MAPK signalling

Huangjiu is a famous alcoholic beverage in China due to its nutritional and functional properties. In the present study, a polysaccharide HJ-P with molecular weight of 1435 Da was purified from huangjiu and was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose and glucose (highest mole percentage of 85.36%). Methylation and NMR analysis suggest that the linkage type of HJ-P was proposed to be composed of (1→4)-linked-Glcp, (1→6)-linked-Galp and (1→4)-linked-Manp with terminal unit (1→)-linked-Glcp and most of the sugar residues were α-anomeric configuration. HJ-P had a great anti-oxidant activity and the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS radical were 92.61% and 78.13% respectively. Meanwhile, HJ-P effectively reduced NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines production through the phosphorylation inhibition of MAPK signal pathway. This is the first report on anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharide from huangjiu and will be helpful to gain better understanding of the functional value of huangjiu.     

Arabinan and arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds: Structure and gastroprotective activity

After removal of starch, cell wall polysaccharides of seeds of quinoa were studied. They were extracted successively with water and with aq. 10% KOH. The extracted polysaccharides were fractionated and purified by freeze–thaw treatment and by sequential ultrafiltration through membranes. The purified fractions (PQW, K2-30EM, K1-10RM and K1-30RM) were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results showed that PQW consisted of a linear arabinan with (1 → 5)-linked α-l-arabinofuranosyl units. Fractions K2-30EM, K1-10RM and K1-30RM were related to rhamnogalacturonan type I with a branched arabinan and galactan side-chains. This arabinan has (1 → 5)-linked α-l-arabinofuranosyl units substituted exclusively in O-3. The main differences between these fractions were their molecular mass and content of Rha and GalA, which probably arise from an increase in their rhamnogalacturonan backbone. A pool of these polysaccharides (arabinan and arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides) showed gastroprotective activity on ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats.     

Structure analysis of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from green tea

A neutral polysaccharide, coded as NTPS-1, was obtained from the crude tea polysaccharide (NTPS) of green tea (Camellia sinesis) by a DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column. The polysaccharide appeared to be homogenous with the weight of 21,247 Da by the high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis. The NTPS-1 was found to consist of galactose. The structure of NTPS-1 was characterized by infrared (IR) spectrum, gas chromatography (GC), periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, 1D NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy. It was found that NTPS-1 was a galactan consisting of β-(1→4)-linked galactopyranosyl units.