持久性有机污染物(POPs)及其生态毒性

持久性有机污染物（persistent organic pollutants简称POPs）以其环境持久性、生物积累性、半挥发性和商毒性（具有致癌、致突变、致畸变作用）的特点,已成为全球关注的热点问题。文章阐述了POPs的定义、种类、来源、特性及其生态毒性特别是对人类健康的危害。     

持久性有机污染物（POPs）

持久性有机污染物（POPs）是指人类合成的能持久存在于环境中、通过生物食物链（网）累积、并对人类健康造成有害影响的化学物质。 与常规污染物不同，持久性有机污染物对人类健康和自然环境危害更大：在自然环境中滞留时间长，极难降解，毒性极强，能导致全球性的传播。被生物体摄入后不易分解，并沿着食物链浓缩放大，对人类和动物危害巨大。     

浅议持久性有机污染物POPs

简单介绍了持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants)的定义,阐述了持久性有机污染物POPs的来源、分类、特性、污染现状、危害及其治理技术.     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)对基因遗传毒性的研究

持久性有机污染物(POPs)因为其长期残留性、生物累积性、半挥发性和高毒性,对生态环境和人类造成严重危害,引起越来越多的关注成为研究的热点,主要介绍了POPs对生物体的致毒机理,综述了近年来POPs对生物体基因毒性方面的研究进展。     

持久性有机污染物的研究进展

人类在享受工业化所带来的便利的同时。越来越受到它引起的环境问题的困扰。持久性有机污染物作为工业化的伴生物对人类造成的危害是巨大的。该文对持久性有机污染物的特性、危害以及治理方法作了较为全面的综述。并得出了一些有益的结论。     

电化学法降解持久性有机污染物(POPs) 的研究进展

介绍了持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants,简称POPs)的相关概念和性质,叙述了电化学法处理废水中有机污染物的原理及特点。重点介绍了电化学法中的电解氧化法和几种与电解氧化法联合处理POPs的电化学技术,如:电解氧化-生物耦合技术、吸附-电解氧化法、光电催化氧化法、声助电解氧化法的特点及研究进展,并指出了今后电化学方法去除废水中POPs的研究热点和发展趋势。     

国内持久性有机污染物环境监测现状

持久性有机污染物的存在对于我国的环境监测与治理工作是一种威胁和挑战,本文将通过分析持久性有机污染物的基本概念,来阐述对其进行监测的重要性;并根据我国目前的监测现状与监测方法,提出几项具体策略,以期我国的环境监测工作高效、有序地进行。     

斯德哥尔摩尔公约与持久性有机污染物

斯德哥尔摩公约要求各国要限制持久性有机污染物质的生产,使用,贸易和处置。在我国三胶工业生产中,有的品种,有的生产环节还不同程度使用某些POP(持久性有机污染物质,persistant organic pollutants)。最明显的要算由鞣革下脚料制明胶的去铬工艺中,还大量地使用多氯苯。每年年度检修时,也有使用某些灭菌剂的情况。我们把此文介绍给大家,希望有更多的人来关心POP的污染和代用品的开发问题。     

土壤持久性有机污染物控制与修复研究进展

土壤持久性有机污染物(POPs)对环境的污染较大,在可持续发展背景下,对生态环境和人类健康带来了极大的危害。土壤持久性有机污染物有着半挥发性、长期残留性和高毒性的特点,通过土壤、水体、大气等介质大范围传播,加强污染控制受到了社会各界高度关注和重视,相应理论研究中也取得了可观的进展。土壤是POPs天然汇,也是POPs迁移转化枢纽。就POPs的控制和修复研究进展进行阐述分析,并进一步明确未来的发展方向,以期为后续研究和实践提供参考。     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在人骨中的淀积作用1

1 导言 在文献中曾介绍过12种2001年斯德哥尔摩公约禁用的持久性有机污染物,它们的俗名,化学名称,简要的物理性质,毒性等。在文献[2]中介绍了这些持久性有机污染物在国际范围内对食品的污染状况。紧接着在文献[3]中,又报道了持久性有机污染物对我国食品污     

持久性有机污染物在冰雪中的分配模型研究进展

通过对自然界中的雪从降落到地面到融化的过程中,持久性有机污染物在其中产生的各相之间的分配情况进行分类描述,阐述了持久性有机污染物在各相之间的分配途径,影响分配的因素,分配系数的表示和计算以及一些在有机污染物在各相之间的分配的量的确定的方法。最后提出问题并进行展望。     

腐殖质吸附土壤有机污染物研究进展

介绍了腐殖质对土壤中有机污染物的吸附行为。归纳了腐殖质对有机污染物的吸附机理,即共价吸附、―空穴‖吸附、氢键作用、疏水性吸附等;分析了土壤pH值、阳离子交换量(CEC)以及温度对腐殖质吸附有机污染物的影响,着重讨论了主要的吸附模型:线性吸附模型、Langmuir吸附模型、Fruendlich吸附模型、双模式吸附模型、分布式反应模型等以及适用条件;最后提出了今后研究的热点和方向:腐殖质(胡敏酸、富里酸以及胡敏素)吸附行为的全面研究,多种污染物共存体系复合研究,腐殖质对有机污染物的工程应用研究。     

Oxidation of Organic Pollutants of Water to Mineralization by Catalytic Ozonation

The oxidation of various organic compounds in aqueous solution was studied using catalytic ozonation (TOCCATA process) and conventional ozonation. The aim of the work is to assess catalytic ozonation efficiency for the mineralization of various organic compounds in order to envisage its application on real effluents. The selected organic compounds (about 30) are commonly found in industrial wastewaters. Comparative experiments were performed in batch mode at laboratory scale. Investigations were focused on ozone consumption rate, variations of total organic carbon, oxidation by-products and oxidation rate. Catalytic and conventional ozonation treatments were compared considering kinetic data, mineralization extent, and effect of organic functionalities. Catalytic ozonation system according to the TOCCATA process was able to convert organic compounds which were totally inert to ozone treatment and permitted considerably enhanced reaction rates when compounds were reactive to ozonation.     

氟吗啉对非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的影响

简述了FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay—Xenopus)试验的发展,并以非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)处于8～11阶段的胚胎为试验材料,对杀菌剂氟吗啉进行了发育毒性的研究,通过对受试胚胎96h死亡数、半数致死浓度[LC50(96h)]、半数效应浓度[EC50(96h)]、致畸类型的统计,得出LC50(96h)值为83.15mg/L,EC50(96h)值为76.65mg/L,TI(LC50/EC50)为1.01≤1.5。结果表明,氟吗啉对非洲爪蟾的胚胎发育不具有致畸影响,但表现出一定的发育毒性。在氟吗啉质量浓度大于20mg/L时,可明显的抑制胚胎的孵化和体长生长的发育,表现的中毒症状有脊索弯曲、弯尾、眼部畸形、腹部水肿等。     

Studying the Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure on Human Health by Proteomic Analysis: A Systematic Review

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic chemical substances that are widely distributed in environments around the globe. POPs accumulate in living organisms and are found at high concentrations in the food chain. Humans are thus continuously exposed to these chemical substances, in which they exert hepatic, reproductive, developmental, behavioral, neurologic, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immunologic adverse health effects. However, considerable information is unknown regarding the mechanism by which POPs exert their adverse effects in humans, as well as the molecular and cellular responses involved. Data are notably lacking concerning the consequences of acute and chronic POP exposure on changes in gene expression, protein profile, and metabolic pathways. We conducted a systematic review to provide a synthesis of knowledge of POPs arising from proteomics-based research. The data source used for this review was PubMed. This study was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 742 items originally identified, 89 were considered in the review. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and available solutions to explore proteomics datasets to identify new features relevant to human health. Future perspectives in proteomics studies are discussed.     

Nickel Nanoparticles Exposure and Reproductive Toxicity in Healthy Adult Rats

Nickel is associated with reproductive toxicity. However, the reproductive toxicity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) is unclear. Our goal was to determine the association between nickel nanoparticle exposure and reproductive toxicity. According to the one-generation reproductive toxicity standard, rats were exposed to nickel nanoparticles by gavage and we selected indicators including sex hormone levels, sperm motility, histopathology, and reproductive outcome etc. Experimental results showed nickel nanoparticles increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and lowered etradiol (E₂) serum levels at a dose of 15 and 45 mg/kg in female rats. Ovarian lymphocytosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increase in apoptotic cells were found in ovary tissues in exposure groups. For male rats, the weights decreased gradually, the ratio of epididymis weight over body weight increased, the motility of rat sperm changed, and the levels of FSH and testosterone (T) diminished. Pathological results showed the shedding of epithelial cells of raw seminiferous tubule, disordered arrangement of cells in the tube, and the appearance of cell apoptosis and death in the exposure group. At the same time, Ni NPs resulted in a change of the reproductive index and the offspring development of rats. Further research is needed to elucidate exposure to human populations and mechanism of actions.     

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Influence of Surface Charge and Dose on Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity

Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly utilized for biomedical, industrial, and commercial applications due to their unique properties and potential biocompatibility. However, little is known about how exposure to iron oxide NPs may affect susceptible populations such as pregnant women and developing fetuses. To examine the influence of NP surface-charge and dose on the developmental toxicity of iron oxide NPs, Crl:CD1(ICR) (CD-1) mice were exposed to a single, low (10 mg/kg) or high (100 mg/kg) dose of positively-charged polyethyleneimine-Fe₂O₃-NPs (PEI-NPs), or negatively-charged poly(acrylic acid)-Fe₂O₃-NPs (PAA-NPs) during critical windows of organogenesis (gestation day (GD) 8, 9, or 10). A low dose of NPs, regardless of charge, did not induce toxicity. However, a high exposure led to charge-dependent fetal loss as well as morphological alterations of the uteri (both charges) and testes (positive only) of surviving offspring. Positively-charged PEI-NPs given later in organogenesis resulted in a combination of short-term fetal loss (42%) and long-term alterations in reproduction, including increased fetal loss for second generation matings (mice exposed in utero). Alternatively, negatively-charged PAA-NPs induced fetal loss (22%) earlier in organogenesis to a lesser degree than PEI-NPs with only mild alterations in offspring uterine histology observed in the long-term.     

对持久性有机污染物的研究进展

持久性有机污染物指的是那些持久存在于环境中,通过食物网积聚,并对人类健康及环境造成危害的化学物质。由于对生物具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害而受到关注。对持久性有机物(POPs)的来源、危害、前处理和检测方法的研究进行了综述。