无机生物涂层材料研究进展及应用

无机生物涂层材料是综合利用金属基体的高强度、高韧性、高塑性以及生物陶瓷的表面活性和生物相容性的优点，成为材料科学领域及生物医学工程领域研究的热点。文章详细介绍了惰性生物陶瓷涂层材料、生物活性玻璃涂层和生物陶瓷涂层的分类、性能及其应用。另外，对无机生物涂层材料的各种制备方法作了详细介绍，最后对无机生物涂层材料的研究前景作了展望。     

金属表面电泳法制备陶瓷涂层的研究进展

陶瓷涂层具有耐磨、耐蚀、耐高温和抗微生物侵蚀等性能。介绍了国内外用电泳沉积法制备生物陶瓷涂层、碳化硅陶瓷涂层、氧化钛陶瓷涂层、氧化铝陶瓷涂层、氧化硅陶瓷涂层及氧化锆陶瓷涂层的研究进展,揭示了防腐领域中陶瓷涂层存在的问题,提出了解决方法并展望了未来的研究方向。     

热喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究进展

简述了热喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究进展,介绍了目前常用的热喷涂陶瓷涂层中耐磨陶瓷涂层、耐蚀陶瓷涂层、热障陶瓷涂层、生物陶瓷涂层和压电陶瓷涂层的研究现状。     

金属基生物活性羟基磷灰石涂层材料的研究进展

羟基磷灰石(HA)是人体和动物的骨骼和牙齿的主要无机成分,人工合成的羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性,但质脆;医用金属材料具有较好的强度、韧性和优良的加工性能,但是生物相容性差。金属基生物活性HA涂层材料兼备金属材料优良的力学性能和生物陶瓷材料的生物相容性,成为近年来发展最为迅速的一种生物材料。本文简要评述了国内外金属基HA涂层材料的研究进展状况,主要介绍了制备金属基HA涂层材料的各种物理化学方法,提出了一些存在的问题和解决方法,展望了制备HA复合涂层的发展前景。     

全球生物陶瓷材料专利技术发展态势研究

生物陶瓷材料具有良好的生物活性、生物相容性、耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性等,在医学、生物化学等领域得到广泛关注和应用。采用incoPat专利数据库对生物陶瓷材料全球专利的申请趋势、地域分布、创新主体、技术热点等进行全面分析。结果表明,全球生物陶瓷材料专利申请量总体呈现增长态势;美国、德国和日本是该领域的技术创新强国,而中国是近五年最大的技术来源国与目标市场国。国外的创新主体以强生、义获嘉伟瓦登特、登士柏西诺德等龙头企业为主导,涉及技术领域较广,如人工膝关节、牙科修复体和整形外科植入物等;而国内的创新主体以四川大学、浙江大学和上海硅酸盐研究所等高校和科研院所为主,主要研究复合生物陶瓷、纳米陶瓷和羟基磷灰石等。近五年生物陶瓷材料出现了新技术热点,如骨组织3D打印、治疗癌症的生物活性陶瓷和血管支架等,可为我国生物陶瓷材料从业者提供研究方向。     

钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层研究进展

钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层以其优异的力学性能和生物活性,成为近年来材料学家研究的热点医用材料之一。本文综述了在钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层的研究进展,特别是在提高涂层结合强度和涂层结晶度方面的最新研究成果,展望了钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层复合材料的发展趋势和前景。     

羟基磷灰石和含氟羟基磷灰石涂层的制备技术

羟基磷灰石(HA)生物陶瓷涂层被认为是目前最好的用于替代人体硬组织的一种生物医用材料,具有很高的外科应用价值.含氟羟基磷灰石(FHA)涂层由于比羟基磷灰石涂层的溶解度低、热膨胀系数小且生物活性好,有着更为广泛的应用前景.对羟基磷灰石及其涂层的各种制备方法进行了概述,同时介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备含氟羟基磷灰石涂层的技术特点,并对未来的发展前景进行了分析.     

生物陶瓷材料及其发展动态

对羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷材料、磷酸钙生物陶瓷材料、复合生物陶瓷材料、涂层生物陶瓷材料和氧化铝生物陶瓷的研究进展情况做了较为深入的探讨,并提出了生物陶瓷材料发展方向。     

多孔磷酸钙生物陶瓷的成型与烧结

研究了制备作人工骨材料的磷酸钙生物活性多孔陶瓷的成型条件和烧结条件,建立了制备多孔磷酸钙生物陶瓷的适宜工艺,制得了三种多孔磷酸钙生物陶瓷ｐ－β－ＴＣＰ,ｐ－ＨＡ和ｐ－ＨＡ／ＴＣＰ。     

La_2O_3对激光熔覆生物陶瓷涂层生物活性的影响

采用梯度宽带激光熔覆技术在钛合金(TC4)基体表面制备生物陶瓷涂层,研究不同含量稀土氧化物La_2O_3的加入对浸泡在模拟体液(SBF)中的生物陶瓷涂层生物活性的影响。结果表明,稀土氧化物La_2O_3在激光熔覆生物陶瓷过程中具有诱导合成HA+β-TCP的作用,在模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡相同时间,当La_2O_3含量为0.6 wt%时,合成HA+β-TCP的数量最多,生物陶瓷涂层生物活性更好。     

固定源废气处理的催化剂涂覆工艺研究进展

由工业固定源排放的NO_x和挥发性有机物（VOCs）是大气复合污染物的重要前体物质。整体式催化剂常被用于脱除NO_x和VOCs。涂覆法是可工业化大规模生产整体式催化剂的工艺之一,具有活性组分用量少、生产成本低的优点,此工艺被广泛用于固定源废气处理的催化剂制备领域。但是由于高通量烟气的冲刷会造成表面活性组分损失和寿命降低,限制其应用,所以在设计催化剂的过程中不但需要关注催化剂涂层的高活性,还需要重点考察其耐磨损性。本文综述了国内外用于固定源废气处理整体式催化剂涂覆工艺的研究进展,主要分析了预处理方法对蜂窝陶瓷载体物理化学性质的影响;重点综述了蜂窝陶瓷负载催化剂活性组分的常规涂覆方法,分为间接涂覆法和直接涂覆法,进一步对间接涂覆法的第二载体涂层进行分类探讨,简述了直接涂覆法的浆料配方及工艺参数对涂层性能的影响,然后对两种涂覆工艺的优缺点进行论述,最后总结了整体式催化剂在固定源废气（NO_x和VOCs）处理领域的相关应用。     

涂覆工艺对金属基陶瓷涂层高温抗氧化性能影响的研究

将陶瓷粘结料与Cr2O3或重烧MgO制成料浆,采用刷涂、浸渍和喷涂三种涂敷方法和高温熔烧工艺制备金属基Cr2O3或MgO质高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层。研究了三种涂敷方法、涂层厚度对涂层试样高温抗氧能力的影响规律。结果表明:当料浆组成、涂层厚度和熔烧制度相同条件下,采用喷涂工艺所制备的涂层试样具有最佳的抗氧化能力,且Cr2O3和MgO质陶瓷涂层在1200℃、30h的抗氧化能力分别是金属基体的约62倍和16倍。采用SEM对涂层的显微结构进行了表征,揭示涂覆工艺与涂层结构和抗氧化能力之间的关系。     

电化学方法制备生物活性陶瓷

生物活性陶瓷因其优良的生物相容性,广泛应用于临床医学领域。电化学方法开创制备生物活性磷酸钙陶瓷新途径,由于操作简单、条件可控等多方面的优点日益引起重视。介绍了电化学方法制备生物活性磷酸钙陶瓷的原理、工艺进展;讨论了电化学制备方法的特点、影响因素和发展前景。     

粉体的表面修饰与表面包覆方法的研究

通过粉体的表面修饰与表面包覆以改善粉体的分散性，粉体的表面性质乃至改变粉体的相结构和性质，已经成为超细与纳米粉体制备和应用的关键技术。本文介绍了陶瓷粉体的各种表面修饰、粉体包覆的方法、基本原理、特点，详细讨论了液相化学包覆技术。     

Relationship between certain ceramic roofing tile characteristics and biodeterioration

This paper examines the relationship of certain red ceramic roofing tile properties to roofing tile biodeterioration. The following properties were studied: apparent porosity, roughness, and the presence or absence of two types of coatings.The effect of apparent porosity was studied by varying the peak firing temperature of a standard industrial red ceramic roofing tile composition and by preparing several clay mixtures, of different chemical and mineralogical composition, that were fired at various peak temperatures. The effect of roofing tile roughness was determined by either polishing or sanding fired standard red roofing tiles. A waterproof ceramic glaze coating and a photocatalytic coating were formulated to analyse the effect of the presence of different types of coatings. Roofing tile bioreceptivity was evaluated with a method developed in a previous study using the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp, which enabled roofing tile resistance to microbial colonization to be determined.As expected, bioreceptivity rose as apparent porosity (measured as water absorption) increased, enabling possible water retention, which favours biological growth. Similarly, greater roughness encouraged micro-organism adhesion and raised bioreceptivity. It was found that, after prolonged exposure periods (several months) under very favourable conditions for biological colonization, roofing tiles coated with the waterproof ceramic glaze were colonized. However, glazed standard red roofing tiles covered with a TiO₂ photocatalytic coating exhibited practically no biological growth under the test conditions used, even after long exposure times, owing to the chemical-physical effect of the TiO₂-based coating.     

Novel polymer-derived ceramic environmental barrier coating system for carbon steel in oxidizing environments

Polymer-derived ceramic environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) in combination with active fillers are highly attractive due to their facile processing and applicability at elevated temperatures. In this study, several kinds of active and passive fillers were added to polymer-derived ceramics and then coated onto carbon steel, using cheap and simple lacquer methods (such as dip or spray coating). The resultant coating, investigated by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), adhesion tests and oxidation tests, showed that it acted as an excellent film to withstand thermal cycling, and prevented carbon steel from being oxidized at elevated temperatures. The low-cost and effective coating method described in this paper can be used widely to protect carbon steel used at high temperatures (e.g. steel boiler tubes in waste-to-energy plants).     

铝合金表面陶瓷化对前处理的依赖性

结合等离子体增强的电化学表面陶瓷化技术原理，陶瓷膜的形成过程及特点，介绍了不同材质铝合金前处理工艺技术及主要特点，阐述了该技术对前处理的依赖性，根据陶瓷膜的不同用途及功能采取不同的前处理方法，突出了该技术的先进性。     

Study of functional coating preparation on ceramic materials

Results are presented for a study of functional coating application, for example with increased blackness coefficient, on ceramic and glass ceramic materials. Various methods for coating application used currently are considered. A coating is proposed based on methyl phenyl spirocyloxane polymer (product MFSS-8).     

化纤用陶瓷导丝器

列举了陶瓷导丝器在化纤生产中引起的常见问题及原因,分析了生产陶瓷导丝器的原料及其特点和适用场合,对导丝器常用的表面处理方法,特别是最新的纳米陶瓷涂层技术及特性进行了重点介绍。     

Properties of alumina coatings prepared on silica-based ceramic substrate by plasma spraying and sol-gel dipping methods

Silica-based ceramic cores are widely used in the manufacturing of hollow, nickel-based, superalloy turbine blades. However, elemental Hf, Ti, Al, and other active metals in the superalloy can react with silica-based ceramic cores during casting, resulting in a reduction in the quality of the turbine blades. In this study, both plasma spraying and sol-gel dipping methods were used to prepare alumina coatings on silica-based ceramic substrates to prevent the interfacial reaction. The performance of the alumina coatings prepared by both methods was evaluated by comparative analysis of the surface roughness, bonding interface morphologies, and the adhesive characteristics of the coating. The plasma-sprayed alumina coating has a roughness greater than 5 μm and peeled away from the substrate due to the difference in thermal expansion between SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ at temperatures above 1500 °C, rendering the silica-based substrate with the plasma-sprayed alumina coating unfit for the application requirements of the casting process. The alumina coating prepared by the sol-gel dipping method improved the roughness of the substrate from Ra 2.39 μm to Ra 1.83 μm, and no peeling was observed when heated to 1550 °C for 30 min due to the pinning characteristics of the coating on the substrate. Furthermore, the interfacial reaction between the DZ125 superalloy melt and the silica-based substrate coated with alumina by sol-gel dipping method were investigated. The alumina coating effectively inhibited the interfacial reaction and no reaction products were detected during the directional solidification with pouring temperature of 1550 °C and withdraw rate of 5 mm/min. While a uniform, 4–5 μm thick HfO₂ reaction layer formed between the uncoated substrate and the DZ125 alloy melt. Two dipping-drying cycles were required to ensure the alumina sol completely covered the surface of the substrate.