乳化剂对氢化棕榈仁油硬脂等热结晶行为影响研究

该文通过研究分别添加有1%(w/w)单甘油脂、磷脂、Span60的氢化棕榈仁油硬脂等热结晶行为,发现在30℃等热结晶条件下单甘油脂、磷脂、Span60均能促进氢化棕榈仁油硬脂结晶,等热结晶动力学分析表明:氢化棕榈仁油硬脂在三种乳化剂作用下存在不同结晶成核机制。     

四种棕榈油结晶速度的研究

报道了棕榈油、棕榈软脂、棕榈硬脂及氢化棕榈油在0℃,10℃,20℃条件下的结晶速度,指出它们在结晶速度方面的差异,这些资料对人造奶油和起酥油生产具有实用意义。     

棕榈仁油与五种油脂相容性的研究

利用等温相图,研究了棕榈仁油与5种常见人造奶油基料油———棕榈油、棕榈油硬脂、棕榈油软脂、氢化棕榈油和牛脂之间的二元相容性。结果表明,棕榈仁油与棕榈油系列油混合物在20~25℃内出现严重的共晶现象,与牛脂在10℃内出现偏晶现象,在20~25℃出现严重的共晶现象。     

分提棕榈油性质及其等温结晶过程研究

对比分析熔点为44℃(A)、24℃(B)两种分提棕榈油甘三酯组成、固脂含量、等温结晶特性及等温结晶动力学规律。结果表明：甘三酯的组成对于两者的结晶性能具有很大影响。在等温结晶过程中,样品A能够较快速达到结晶终点。在各等温条件下,A的Avrami指数n与B相差不大,说明两者基于过冷状态下的结晶机理相同。     

牛脂氧化及酶解工艺的研究

研究对牛脂进行通气氧化以及酶解处理的工艺条件。结果表明,将牛脂于190℃通气氧化60min后,冷却至55℃,添加0．4％脂肪酶,水解90min。经过处理后的牛脂20g与牛骨素30g、酱油10mL、木糖1．6g、L-半胱氨酸0．6g和HVP 6g,在110℃下反应60min,得到具有较浓牛肉风味的热反应香基。     

新疆风味小食品巴哈利的生产技术

巴哈利是新疆地区少数民族所喜爱的一种食品，本文主要论述巴哈利的生产配方及一般工艺。１主要原辅料的性质１．１面粉面粉的化学成分因加工精度不同，在数量上有所差异。见表１。表１面粉的主要化学成分１．２动物油脂巴哈利可根据不同地区居民口味及民族风俗不同选择具有不同风味与品质的动物油脂进行加工与制作。１．２．１羊脂和牛脂新疆地区传统巴哈利具有浓厚的民族特色，风味独特而浓郁。这与巴哈利中添加了羊脂或牛脂有关。羊脂和牛脂，具有特殊气味，熔点较高，牛脂为４０～５０℃、羊脂为４４～４５℃，常温下为白色固体脂，组织…     

零反式脂肪酸涂抹脂基料油酶法酯交换制备研究

利用固定化脂肪酶催化棕榈油硬脂和葵花籽油进行酯交换反应,制备零反式脂肪酸涂抹脂基料油。考察了不同搅拌速度、反应温度、酶加量和反应时间对酯交换反应的影响,并对反应前后油脂的熔点、晶型和结晶速率等结晶行为进行了分析和比较。结果表明:搅拌速度200 r/min,酶加量6%,在70℃下反应3 h为最优的酯交换条件。酯交换产物的熔点大幅下降,晶型主要以β’晶型为主,结晶速率变慢。     

乳木果油制备类可可脂条件优化及其性质研究

乳木果油是一种很好的类可可脂制备原料,通过单因素试验研究乳木果油最佳溶剂分提条件,并对可可脂及分提前后的固体脂的熔点、理化性质、脂肪酸组成、热力学性质、固体脂肪含量等性质进行分析。结果表明,在料液比1︰4 g/mL,结晶时间4 h,结晶温度10℃条件下分提效果最好,固体脂得率为63%。乳木果油分提固脂理化性质与可可脂符合性好。可可脂总脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸组成,而乳木果油的脂肪酸种类较多,分提后固体脂的脂肪酸组成与可可脂接近一致。10℃分提固脂的DSC熔融结晶曲线和固体脂肪含量与可可脂接近,其结果与熔点保持一致。研究为乳木果油分提固脂在食品工业中的应用提供了理论基础。     

棉籽油干法分提工艺的研究

以棉籽油为原料,利用干法分提对其进行改性。考察了结晶温度、冷却速率、养晶时间及搅拌速率对棉籽固脂碘值、0℃固体脂肪含量(SFC)及固脂得率的影响。确定的最佳分提工艺条件为:结晶温度5℃,冷却速率2℃/h,养晶时间10 h,搅拌速率15 r/min。所得固脂的碘值(I)为91 g/100 g,0℃SFC为31.6%,固脂得率为12.89%。     

形成肉香的化学成分

脂和含脂前体,很多资料说明脂类物资是肉类风味前体,要进一步了解的主要问题是设法用实验控制肉组织的脂肪含量。Gaddis等16年前首先在几种动物脂中发现单羰基化合物(猪牛羊肉、黄油),从猪牛鸡羊中也已分离出这种物质。当将猪牛鸡羊肉加热到100℃即可出现典型的肉香,但只有在有空气加热时才能出现。经过鉴定,肉香中许多挥发性成分无     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the