敏捷供应链重组过程研究

全球经济的发展和企业面临的动态变化的市场环境对制造业提出了敏捷性的要求 ,敏捷供应链管理成为当今商业界和理论界研究的热点。可重组性是敏捷供应链的一个重要特征 ,文中探讨了敏捷供应链重组的过程和相关技术 ,采用多主体思想建立可重组供应链系统的总体框架 ,以满足系统的可重构、可重用、可扩展的要求 ,以一虚拟的供应链为例进行计算 ,说明整体绩效衡量在供应链重组过程中的作用     

Simulation modeling for comparative evaluation of supply chain management strategies

Supply chain management (SCM) has become one of the most important strategies for achieving competitive advantage in different industries in the last decade. Researchers have investigated various processes in the planning and development of supply chains. However, increasing attention has been placed on performance, design and analysis of supply chain models. A supply chain is a complex model that is very difficult to analyze, in particular, with respect to performance. Simulation is one of the effective tools to evaluate the control mechanism for a supply chain. In this paper, five common supply chain models have been built and tested with the aid of simulation. Various performance measures such as transportation cost, resources utilization, inventory level, and order cycle time will be calculated for comparative indications. The methodology that is presented in this paper can be extended to any real life applications in SCM.     

Life cycle implications of product modular architectures in closed-loop supply chains

Most of the product life cycle costs and environmental impacts are determined during product design stage. A product supply chain network can be seen as a system dealing with product life cycle processes. Ideally, a product should be designed to have a structure yielding a good life cycle performance in its existing supply chain network. However, there is a lack of research related to modeling supply chain effects in the product design stage. This paper aims at investigating the supply chain effects on product modular design. The life cycle performance of a modular structure (life cycle cost and life cycle environmental impact) at various supply chain states is evaluated by a supply chain evaluation model and analyzed by statistical techniques. The preliminary results indicate that the supply chain-related effects on product life cycle performance are significant and modular structure optimization is effective in reducing the surge of life cycle cost and life cycle environmental impact caused by various supply chain states. The main supply chain effects are identified for use in product design improvement.     

Manufacturing supply chain design and evaluation

Successful supply chain management calls for robust supply chain design and evaluation tools. Many published papers focused on high level strategic aspects of supply chain design and the results are usually generic guidelines for business executives rather than specific tools for plant managers. In this paper, we present a decision-based methodology for supply chain design that a plant manager can use to select suppliers. The methodology utilizes the techniques of analytic hierarchy process and preemptive goal programming. Supply chain operations reference model level I performance metrics are incorporated into the methodology as the decision criteria. In addition, a set of performance metrics is developed to evaluate the overall supply chain effectiveness, which allows direct comparison of different supply chain designs.     

The impacts of component commonality on integrated supply chain network performance: a state and resource-based simulation study

This paper is geared toward developing an integrated modeling framework and simulation models for understanding decision-making issues of the supply chain network configuration in an integrated environment. To achieve this objective, first, this paper presents an integrated modeling framework for multistage supply chains, in which the interdependencies between model components are captured. Second, the state and resource-based simulation concepts are used to model the supply chain network configurations. The employment of state and resource-based simulation techniques facilitates the implementation procedure, since they are strong in modeling dynamic supply chain networks with highly interdependent components subject to activity start-up conditions. To investigate the impacts of component commonality on integrated supply chain network performance effectively, a new analytical measure of component commonality that consists of a component-level commonality index and a product-level commonality index is defined. The results of analysis-of-variance and Tukey’s tests reveal that there is a significant difference in performance measures, such as delivery time and order fill rates, when comparing an integrated supply chain with higher component commonality to an integrated supply chain with lower component commonality.     

敏捷供需协调绩效评价指标体系研究

供应链管理研究较多地集中在供应链的技术与运作策略方面，而对于供需协调的绩效评价研究比较少。通过供应链敏捷响应策略的分析，结合对企业的实际调查，按照供需协调的物流协调、信息流协调、资金流协调和工作流协调四大领域，建立了基于敏捷供应链管理的敏捷供需协调绩效评价的分层、分类考核的多指标绩效指标体系，并对各种指标建立了相应的量化计算方法。     

供应链性能评价指标体系的研究

对供应链的性能评价方法进行了系统研究，分析了选择性能指标的基本要求，提出了一种新的基于性能指标分析的供应链作业性能评价方法，并从供应链的输入、输出、资源及柔性四方面建立了全面的供应链性能评价指标体系，定义了销售柔性、付货柔性、生产柔性和设计柔性及其计算公式，提出了改进供应链性能的一些基本措施。     

多方案经营过程模型选择策略

经营过程建模的目的是为了经营过程的分析及重构。在经营过程中，由于存在约束、不确定性和不可精确估量等因素，其评价值常常是模糊的，评价目标不单一。因而存在一个对各种方案过程模型选择的问题，这个问题可以转化为多目标模糊最短路的问题。讨论了多目标模糊最短路径的算法与Pareto解空间问题，提出了基于模糊推理引擎选择多个Pareto解的策略。提出了经营过程设计框架，从而解决了企业内、企业间经营过程及供应链优化设计问题。     

动态联盟供应链的结构模型及其规划设计

在进行供求节点分类的基础上，给出一种动态联盟供应链的结构模型，并将模型用于指导动态联盟供应链的结构规划设计，提出了一个产品结构设计过程与动态联盟供应链结构规划设计过程相互交叉的动态联盟供应链的结构规划设计策略，最后给出了一个注射机生产动态联盟供应链结构特点的实例分析。     

基于时间的制造企业供应链系统Petri网建模分析

针对制造企业供应链的运营情况,结合Petri理论中的广义随机Petri网(GSPN)以及马尔科夫链相关理论对该供应链系统建模分析,为制造企业供应链性能评价提供理论依据。结果表明:通过将GSPN以及其同构的马尔科夫链模型能清晰、快速、直观地获得供应链系统执行订单所需的时间以及供应链系统各主要结构所占系统运行时间的比例大小。该方法能快速地对供应链时间性能以及运作效率分析,为供应链系统进行改进提供思路。     

A novel hybrid method for supply chain optimization with capacity constraint and shipping option

In a modern market, supply chain network design is considered as a strategic decision that provides the proper platform for cost management and increases the competitive edge of enterprise. In a five-tier supply chain, there are several facilities such as suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centers, and retailers or customers. For product transportation from one facility to another, different types of options may be used. These options have variety price and the manager should do the best assignment to reduce the total cost. In this paper, we formulated an integer programming model for a five-tier supply chain with capacitated facility and multiple transportation option with fixed lead time. We also proposed a novel meta-heuristic solution methodology that combines the Taguchi's feature with artificial immune approach in order to solve the proposed model. The performance of the proposed solution methodology has been examined against a set of numeric instances and the obtained results are compared with those provided by hybrid genetic algorithm and Taguchi and artificial immune system. Results indicate that this methodology can make better results than previous solutions effectively.     

A dynamic multi-commodity inventory and facility location problem in steel supply chain network design

Logistics network design is a major strategic issue due to its impact on the efficiency and responsiveness of the supply chain. This paper focuses on strategic and tactical design of steel supply chain (SSC) networks. Ever-increasing demand for steel products enforces the steel producers to expand their production and storage capacities. The main purpose of the paper includes preparing a countrywide production, inventory, distribution, and capacity expansion plan to design an SSC network. The SSC networks consist of iron ore mines as suppliers, raw steel producer companies as producers, and downstream steel companies as customers. Demand is assumed stochastic with normal distribution and known at the beginning of planning horizon. To achieve the service level of interest, a potential production capacity along with two kinds of safety stocks including emergency and shared safety stocks are suggested by the authors. A mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model and a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model are presented to design dynamic multi-commodity SSC networks. To evaluate the performance of the MILP model, a real case of SSC network design is solved. Furthermore, solving two proposed models by using a commercial solver for a set of numerical test cases shows that the MILP model outperforms MINLP in medium- and large-scale problems in terms of computational time. Finally, the complexity of the linear model is investigated by relaxing some major assumptions.     

基于PLC的产品供应链动态绩效及其评价指标体系

科学的产品供应链绩效评价,能够明晰供应链管理策略的实施效果,使产品供应链管理者做出有效决策,最终实现供应链资源利用率的最大化。产品供应链绩效维度受到产品供应链环境变化的重大影响,引致绩效评价体系呈现动态性。本文基于产品生产周期（PLC）阶段化供应链环境分析不同PLC阶段产品供应链绩效维度,建立动态的产品供应链绩效评价指标体系。     

Designing and planning a multi-echelon multi-period multi-product closed-loop supply chain utilizing genetic algorithm

Designing and planning a closed-loop supply chain in a comprehensive structure is vital for its applicability. To cope with the design and planning issue of a comprehensive closed-loop supply chain network, this paper develops an extended model, which is multi-echelon, multi-product, and multi-period in a mixed integer linear programming framework. The word “comprehensive,” in our mathematical approach, in designing and planning a closed-loop supply chain problem, can be analyzed from two complementary angles: including all possible entities (facilities) of a real condition and considering minimum limitations on possible flows between entities. In our proposed model, customers can be supplied via manufacturers, warehouses, and distributors, as an example. The proposed model is solved by CPLEX optimization software and by a developed genetic algorithm. During this computational analysis, we compare results of proposed pretuned genetic algorithm with a global optimum of CPLEX solver. Then, a sufficient number of large-size instances are generated and solved by the proposed genetic algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no similar multi-period multi-product closed-loop supply chain design and planning problem utilizing any kind of meta-heuristics let alone genetic algorithms. Therefore, in this issue, it is an original research, and results prove the acceptable performances of the developed genetic algorithm.     

Supply chain efficiency: a simulation cum DEA approach

The management of risks within the supply chain and external to it has become highly critical component of supply chain management. Inventory management is a vital tool to mitigate these risks. Lead times and review periods are important parameters in inventory management. The organizations focus on these parameters to enhance the system-wide supply chain performance in terms of services to customers. This paper aims at analyzing the efficiency of total supply chain in context of average fill rate performance. We analyze the efficiency of a hypothetical supply chain network structure which is subjected to time delays due to lead time and inventory review period changes. To understand the optimal relative efficiency among different values of average fill rate performance obtained through simulation, we used Data Envelopment Analysis approach (DEA). Taguchi experimental design procedure is used as a vehicle for conducting the simulation experiments and analyzing its outcome. The proposed integration of simulation with DEA framework provides practical implications to the decision maker as well as connotes to the real world situation where different enterprises compete for the frontier supply chain efficiency.     

Strategy and method of part reengineering

Reducing part redundancy because of design arbitrariness is an effective measure of improving production volume, of which part reengineering is a reasonable and effective approach. The problem was formalized, then similarity degree was measured by Euclidean proximity through considering similar rules of parts based on properties of isostructure, geometry, precision, material and performance indices. A similarity matrix could be constructed based on similarity degree, and part reengineering arithmetic was advanced based on fuzzy clustering. Finally, analysis and adjustment of part reengineering scheme was discussed. The strategy and method are effective in an instance of a motorcycle-hydraulic-disk brake disk reengineering.     

On Petri net implementation of proactive resilient holistic supply chain networks

Holistic supply chain network (H-SCN) systems are a set of supply chains that have inter-dependence relations. Design and management of H-SCN systems are largely ignored in the literature. Modeling of H-SCN systems will provide a computational facility for design and management of H-SCN systems. A model for disruption of the H-SCN system was proposed by us before, which consists of two parts: a model for disruption of a single firm and a model for propagation of disruption. The present paper mainly discusses how these models can be implemented especially with Petri nets. Guidelines with templates of how the Petri net models for H-SCN systems can be constructed in industrial setting are also given to facilitate the use of our model. Since H-SCN systems are complex network systems, this paper may also contribute to the field of the Petri net technique for network systems modeling in the aspect of reduction of complexity arising from vast amounts of construct instances—a common problem that existed in a Petri net model. Indeed, the proposed Petri net model is suitable for any type of supply chains or supply chain networks.     

A Benchmarking Method for Business-Process Reengineering and Improvement

Benchmarking assists businesses in identifying potential targets for improvement. It is the initial step a firm must undertake before planning and implementing reengineering methods to achieve higher productivity. Although several benchmarking methods have been proposed in the literature, research in this area lacks rigorous analytical tools for effective benchmarking. A benchmarking method must simultaneously analyze and integrate several key performance measures of business processes in identifying best practices. This is easier said than done because it is by no means a trivial task to blend multidimensional information in a useful and effective manner. This article proposes a benchmarking method that simultaneously considers multiple measures and aids in business process reengineering efforts of organizations. The proposed technique is based on a combination of multifactor productivity analysis, game theory, and clustering methods. These models are tested on a previously reported data set of manufacturing processes. Our results provide some very interesting insights into benchmarking practices, which when followed by firms will help in successful business process reengineering efforts.     

基于GSPN的建材装备企业供应链建模与分析

企业的竞争很大程度上是供应链的竞争,拥有合理供应链的企业能够更好地在全球化的市场条件下赢得先机.建立了基于GSPN的建材装备企业供应链模型,分析其性能,为供应链结构优化提供有益探索.     

支持动态联盟的敏捷供应链系统建模技术研究

在分析敏捷供应链本质的基础上,结合递阶控制思想、Agent技术和多视图建模方法,建立了敏捷供应链系统的模型（H-ASCM）,该模型主要包括概念模型和多视图模型2部分。利用此模型,能够较好地实现企业的信息集成。