U型生产单元可重构设施布局方法研究

针对制造企业生产单元重新布局的决策问题,以U型生产单元为研究对象,以物料搬运成本、单元重构成本和生产时间损失成本之和最低为优化目标,考虑了重新布局的预算约束以及各类惩罚约束,建立了单元生产可重构设施布局决策的集成模型。设计了决策问题的遗传算法,以实验测试方式确定遗传算法的参数设置,避免陷入局部最优,并通过实例求解,验证了模型和算法的可行性。根据U型单元现有布局、下一周期订单数量和产品工艺要求等信息,利用上述模型和算法进行分析和优化,为企业进行新一轮的生产组织提供决策支持。     

一种单元制生产方式设备布局问题的研究方法

单元制生产方式是适合于目前多品种、少批量市场需求环境下产生的先进生产制造方式,基于单元制生产方式的设备布局是实现精益生产的重要硬件支撑.对单元式生产方式下的设备布局进行了研究,把该种形式的设备布局分成两个阶段:第一阶段是制造单元的设计,第二阶段是对划定的制造单元进行布局,形成最终的设备布局.分别建立了相应的数学优化模型,通过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于多功能机器与多能工的动态单元制造系统模型

为了成功地实施动态单元制造系统,同时考虑技术性问题（包括生产单元构建和设计、生产单元之间与生产单元内部的物料移动等）和人员问题（包括员工工资、员工雇佣和解雇等）,综合研究和分析了多功能机器和多操作技能员工的动态单元制造系统的生产单元构建、生产单元之间与生产单元内部物料移动、库存和延迟生产、员工分配和柔性生产路径,创新性地提出一个整合的混合整数规划模型。通过遗传算法对数值试验求解,结果验证了新模型的可行性和有效性。     

CIMS环境下的制造单元

本文着重介绍了在现代制造技术条件下，新型制造单元与传统的生产单元之间的区别、特点及其发展趋势。     

流水型多工序排序优化中总作业时间的算法问题

成组生产单元在编制其相似零件生产作业计划时,主要是确定单元内各零件的投产顺序,即所谓排序,而排序的优化,其最终目标一般在于使单元内的总作业时间为最小。由于最优排序在计算机上的繁杂性,在工程实际应用时大都采用各种近优的算法,来迅速确定接近最优解的排序方案。总作业时间的长短,则是近优排序方案的评价和入选的主要依据。而总作业时间的长短不仅由排序的方案所决定,而且与零件在单元内生产过程中的移动方式又紧密相关。对于零件在各道工序间整批移动的连续移动方式,其总作业时间的计算,哈姆列表算法极其简便而迅速;但是由于这种移动方式生产周期长,总作业时间大,仅适用于批     

模糊聚类法在噪声环境功能区划分中的应用

以国家技术规范为基础，根据城市总体规划、环境噪声特点等资料，采用定性与定量相结合的方式，运用模糊聚类法分析研究某市89个声环境单元功能区划分问题。在聚类分析过程中，利用了2种不同的标定方法来研究其对聚类结果的影响，结合专家咨询，对不同的聚类结果进行修正，最终确定该市声环境功能区划分方案为：0类声环境功能区单元1个，1类声环境功能区单元25个，2类声环境功能区单元60个，3类声环境功能区单元3个。     

进化型硬件在图像压缩中的应用研究

进化型硬件是一种可由进化算法来改变基结构的硬件。在此提出了一种由分类单元、进化单元和函数单元组成的适用于图像压缩的进化型硬件结构。其中进化单元和函数单元并行工作。在压缩过程中以函数进化的方式，使该硬件能够根据图像的特点来探索最优预测函数。仿真实验表明，当PSNR＝24-30（dB)时，压缩比优于JPEG、Fractal、Wavelet，最高可达200：1。     

考虑缺陷及Comp—P模型的钢结构二阶弹塑性分析

本文提出改进的Ｃｏｍｐ单元＾「８」，能较精确地反映结构中塑性发展、分布和塑性铰的产生顺序，以及反映构件的Ｐδ效应、整体Ｐ－△效应和初始缺陷等，从而使得塑性设计不再局限于低层框架，而且该单元合用方便，用１单元／构件划分方式，适应于大型结构现代力学分析的需求。     

灵捷生产系统

我国企业面临变化和不确定的市场环境，要求建立具有快速性、多品种适应性和可重组性三层特性的灵捷生产系统，以抓住市场机遇。本文针对某小型企业的具体情况，设计了一种基于自治单元的混合生产系统。这个方案交少的层次，统一管理生产部门和生产后勤部门；综合动用拉式与推式方法进行生产计划与控制。论文讨论了单元内部的组织机制和可重组性的实现要素。本文对我国中小企业生产重构有一定参考价值。     

船舶机舱区域单元模块化设计的探讨

机舱区域实行单元模块化预装是造船企业提高生产效率，缩短造船周期，推进现代化造船模式的重要手段之～，本文对机舱单元模块化的设计进行了详细的介绍和探讨。     

A method of production fine layout planning based on self-organising neural network clustering

Organising and optimising production in small and medium enterprises with batch production and many different products can be very difficult due to high complexity of possible solutions. The paper presents a method of fine layout planning that rearranges production resources and minimises work and material flow transfer between production cells. The method is based on self-organising map clustering which organises the production cells into groups sharing similar product properties. The proposed method improves the internal layout of each cell with respect to a material flow diagram and a from-to matrix, and fine workspace positioning also considers various restrictions on placement, specifications and types of transportation. The method is particularly suitable for improving the existing layouts. The method was applied in the Slovenian company KGL d.o.o. and promising results were achieved. A reduction by more than 40% in the total transport length with respect to the current production layout was observed.     

Capability-based distributed layout approach for virtual manufacturing cells

It is shown in the literature that in highly volatile manufacturing environments functional job shops and classical cellular manufacturing systems do not perform well. Classical cellular manufacturing systems are very sensitive to changing production requirements due to their limited flexibility. In order to adapt cellular manufacturing systems to volatile manufacturing environments, the virtual cellular manufacturing concept was proposed in the 1980s by the National Bureau of Standards in USA. This concept is similar to group technology where job families are processed in manufacturing cells. The main difference between a virtual cell and the classic cell is in the dynamic nature of the virtual manufacturing cell; whereas the physical location and identity of classic cell is fixed, the virtual cell is not fixed and will vary with changing production requirements. The virtual manufacturing cell concept allows the flexible reconfiguration of shop floors in response to changing requirements. In the literature, the formation and scheduling process of virtual cells are clearly explained and researched in detail. However, the layout issue is not addressed entirely. Virtual cells are generally formed over functionally divided job shops. Forming virtual cells over a functional layout may adversely affect the performance of a virtual cellular manufacturing system. There is a need to search for different layout strategies in order to enhance the performance. The distributed layout approach may be a better alternative for virtual cellular manufacturing applications. In this research paper, a novel capability-based approach is proposed for the design of distributed layouts. A simulated annealing based heuristic algorithm is developed from the distributed layout. The proposed approach is tested with a problem with real data. An example is also shown in order to give an idea about the superiority of a capability-based distributed layout over the functional layouts in forming virtual manufacturing cells.     

Numerical taxonomy applied to group technology and plant layout

This paper identifies the need for a technique which can assess whether a functional or n group cell system of production is most appropriate in a specific case as well as develop the appropriate system. The paper describes the technique of numerical taxonomy and shows how it may be applied to both group technology and plant layout. A computer programme for production flow analysis is presented. The component-machine matrix method of production flow analysis, as presented by Burbridge, is shown to be of limited value in practical cases and an improved method is proposed. The use of numerical taxonomy in developing functional-type layout is also described.     

A practical method for design of hybrid-type production facilities

A comprehensive method for the design of hybrid-type production shops, which comprise both manufacturing cells and individual workcentres, is presented. The method targets the minimization of the material handling effort within the shop and includes four basic steps: (1) identification of candidate manufacturing cells, (2) evaluation and selection of the cells to be implemented, (3) determination of the intra-cell layout, and (4) determination of the shop layout. For the cell formation step the 1CTMM technique has been enhanced to cater for important practical issues. The layout of each significant cell is determined by a simulated annealing (SA)-based algorithm. Once the sizes and shapes of the selected cells are known the shop layout is determined by a similar algorithm. The resulting hybrid shop consists of the selected cells and the remaining machines. The methodology has been implemented in an integrated software system and has been applied to redesign the shop of a large manufacturer of radar antennas.     

RMS中工件路径网络生成方法

利用图论建立RMS中工件路径网络生成模型。给出设备物理布局生成的3种算法：设备物理规划布局算法、基于二次布置问题(QAP)模型的VMC设备物理布局算法以及已有设备物理布局算法。给出AGV路径网络生成算法、AGV路径网络生成改进算法、可替代路径网络生成算法,包括节点间最短路径寻找子算法、路径网络预处理子算法。算法的输入为表示重构对象节点间距离信息的距离矩阵文件和表示某生产周期多工艺路线的流量文件,输出为优化的路径网络。用Visual C 实现了以上算法,实例测试验证了算法的正确性。     

A hybrid approach for concurrent layout design of cells and their flow paths in a tree configuration

The layout design of multiple-cell automated manufacturing systems includes cell layout design and flow path layout design. Traditional layout methods often treat these two as separate problems and the sequence for solving them is usually cell layout first and flow path layout later. However, approaches of these kinds have one major drawback, that is, they may produce cell layouts that are awkward or difficult for designers to conduct flow path layouts, or cell layouts that do not turn out to be as good as expected after flow path layouts have been performed. Other drawbacks of traditional layout methods include irregular shapes of cells, inaccurate calculations of flow distances, etc. This paper addresses the layout problem of cells and their connecting flow paths in a tree configuration. The proposed layout procedure is designed to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of traditional layout methods by emphasizing concurrent layout design of cells and flow paths. It combines a search algorithm and mathematical programming models. The search algorithm has a backtracking procedure that allows one to explore alternative layouts, while the mathematical programming models help one obtain accurate layouts of cells and flow paths. The proposed layout procedure also interacts with designers and allows designers to include their qualitative consideration into the layout design. As a result, one can obtain more accurate and good-quality layouts with the proposed layout procedure.     

Layout and Simulation Design of Intelligent Manufacturing Production Line via Visualone

NC machining of parts and components is developing in the direction of automation and intelligence. In addition, the automatic production line puts forward higher requirements for the overall layout, technological process and production tempo. The layout and simulation of the production line can more directly reflect the problems that may occur in the operation of the production line, and solve these problems through scientific methods. This project uses VisualOne software to simulate the operation of the intelligent manufacturing production line, which can directly find the existing problems in the layout of the production line and the process of the craftsmen, and optimize the layout of the production line. In addition, it can provide reliable support for the equipment procurement and on-site construction of the intelligent manufacturing automation production line in the later stage.     

Reconfigurable layout problem

This paper addresses the reconfigurable layout problem, which differs from traditional, robust and dynamic layout problems mainly in two aspects: first, it assumes that production data are available only for the current and upcoming production period. Second, it considers queuing performance measures such as work in progress inventory and product lead time in the objective function of the layout problem. A process to solve the reconfigurable layout problem is proposed. A previously developed, open queuing network-based analytical model, called Manufacturing system Performance Analyser, is used to estimate the stochastic performance measures of a layout. These are combined with deterministic performance measures such as material handling cost to determine the layout for the next period. A case study is used to illustrate the process of solving the reconfigurable layout problem.     

基于SLP的钢铁厂总体布局设计

以钢铁厂总生产工艺流程为基础,按主要作业单元的总体设计要求,对钢铁厂主要作业场地的总体布置关系予以确定。依据生产车间、辅助车间、动力车间、交通运输设施、职能部门、附属生产和生活服务等部门之间的内外关联、物料进出状况,进行系统优化布置设计。再由各个作业单位的面积大小、位置关系,适当参考其他限制条件和常识惯例,做出钢铁厂总体布局设计,达到布局科学、节约资源、产能提升的效果。