H4SiW12O40催化合成衣康酸二甲酯

以衣康酸和甲醇为原料,H4SiW12O40为催化剂,合成了衣康酸二甲酯,考察了影响反应的因素。实验结果表明：n（甲醇）：n（衣康酸）：5．0：1、催化剂与衣康酸质量比为1：100、反应时间6．0h是最适宜的反应条件,在此条件下衣康酸二甲酯的收率可达90．4％。产品经折光率、红外光谱表征。     

硅胶负载硫酸钛催化合成衣康酸二丁酯

研究了在硅胶负载硫酸钛催化下,以衣康酸和正丁醇为原料,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,环己烷为带水剂,催化合成衣康酸二丁酯,考察了影响反应的因素。实验结果表明:n(正丁醇)∶n(衣康酸)=3.5∶1、催化剂与反应物总质量比为1∶100、带水剂用量为15mL、反应时间2.5h是最适宜的反应条件,在此条件下衣康酸的收率可达94.4%。     

阳离子交换树脂-FeCl3催化合成丁二酸二丁酯

以阳离子交换树脂-FeCl3络合物为催化剂、丁二酸和正丁醇为原料，采用负压酯化技术合成丁二酸二丁酯。考察了反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响，通过正交试验得到了最佳酯化反应工艺条件：n（正丁醇）：n（丁二酸）为3．0：1、w（催化剂）为1．5％、反应温度〈125℃、反应时间3h；在该条件下丁二酸的转化率达到98．6％。催化剂重复使用6次后，丁二酸的转化率达到97．6％。利用红外光谱、色谱一质谱对产品进行分析。     

衣康酸共聚物阻垢剂的合成与应用

以衣康酸（IA）、异丁烯磺酸（IBS）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料在水相中合成了IA／IBS／AA共聚物阻垢剂,确立了最佳合成工艺条件：单体质量配比m（IA）：m（IBS）：m（AA）=10：3：5,引发剂质量占单体总质量的6％,链转移剂质量占单体总质量的9％,反应温度95℃,反应时间1．5h。该共聚物阻CaCO3垢率高达94．65％,同时进行了产业化试生产并获得了良好的效果。     

衣康酸二甲酯的合成

以衣康酸和甲醇为原料在酸催化剂存在下合成了衣康酸二甲酯。产品经FT -IR鉴定 ,谱图与标准谱一致 ,从而确定了其结构。气相色谱及化学分析表明 ,产品质量分数达到 98%。合成衣康酸二甲酯的比较适宜条件是 :n(衣康酸 )∶n(甲醇 ) =1∶10 ,w(硫酸 )∶w(衣康酸 ) =1∶10 0 ,反应温度 12 0℃ ,反应时间 10h ,反应压力 16 2kPa ,收率可达 87%     

生物基弹性体中间体衣康酸二异戊酯的合成研究

以衣康酸和异戊醇为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,通过酯化反应合成了生物基弹性体中间体衣康酸二异戊酯。通过酯化率测定研究了醇、酸物质的量比,催化剂用量,反应温度及反应时间等对合成的影响。结果表明,最佳合成反应条件为:n(衣康酸)∶n(异戊醇)=1∶4,催化剂用量为衣康酸质量的1.54%,120℃下反应3 h后产物由红外光谱仪和核共振波谱仪分析证明生成了较纯净的衣康酸二异戊酯,产率在98%以上。     

环戊烯水合法制备环戊醇的研究（Ⅱ）——工艺优化

以正丁醇为溶剂,强酸性阳离子交换树脂Amberlyst36为催化剂,环戊烯为原料,采用直接水合法合成环戊醇。通过考察了反应温度、反应时间、助催化剂的种类、n（水）：n（环戊烯）、催化剂的用量等关键因素对反应的影响,得出适宜的反应条件：以正丁醇为溶剂,在n（环戊烯）：n（水）为1：4,催化剂Amberlyst36的用量为体系总质量的9％,反应温度150℃,反应时间2h的条件下,得到环戊烯的转化率为12．42％,环戊醇的选择性为95．78％,并在此条件下考察了催化剂的稳定性,结果表明催化剂性能稳定。     

乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯合成工艺的改进

以柠檬酸、正丁醇和乙酸酐为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,通过酯化、脱醇、乙酰化、脱乙酸和乙酸酐、中和、水洗等步骤制备了乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。和文献报道的工艺相比,节省了催化剂用量,减少了近一半的废水量。当反应物摩尔比n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）：n（乙酸酐）：n（对甲苯磺酸）=1：4．3：1．10：0．041,酯化反应温度为130-140℃,酯化时间为4h,乙酰化反应温度为50℃,乙酰化反应时间为1h时,产品的产率为97．5％,酯含量为99．21％,酸值为0．14mgKOH／g,色度小于50（Pt—Co）,符合产品质量要求。     

纳米ZnO催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯

以柠檬酸和正丁醇为原料，以纳米ZnO为催化剂催化合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯，探讨了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对反应结果的影响，对合成的产品进行了红外光谱分析。实验结果表明，纳米ZnO催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳条件为n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）：1：4．5，催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的1．5％，反应时间为2．5h，反应温度为110—140％，酯化率可达97．23％，产品纯度〉99％。     

活性炭固载磷钨酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

用自制的固载磷钨酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。探讨了催化剂用量、催化剂固载量、酸醇摩尔比、反应时间等因素对酯化率的影响，并得到了反应的合适条件。在固载量为34％、n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）为1：4、固载催化剂用量2．5g、反应时间2．5h和油浴温度140℃的优化条件下转化率达到91．7％，催化剂可重复使用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。