生物材料表面改性抗细菌粘附的方法研究

为了减少生物材料中心的感染（BCI）,采用N2低温等离子体沉积（LTP）、二次等离子体、紫外（UV）辐照与化学方法相结合的实验技术,对人工心瓣用Dacron材料进行了改性。在其材料表面引入聚乙二醇（PEG）,利用PEG的“化学放大”作用再引入肝素(Hep),经表皮葡萄球菌（SE）体外动态粘附实验比较,紫外辐照与化学方法相结合的8改性抗细菌粘附效果最好,细菌粘附减少90％,二次等离子体改性次之,细菌粘附减少80％,N2低温等离子体沉积后抗细菌粘附效果有一定的提高。     

利用低温空气等离子体改善聚酯和聚乙烯薄膜表面亲水性的研究

利用低温空气等离子体对聚酯(PET)薄膜和低密聚乙烯(PE)薄膜进行表面改性，通过测定改性前后薄膜表面接触角，讨论了等离子体放电时间、放电气压、放电功率和不同放电气体对薄膜的改性规律，对不同处理条件下PE薄膜表面的过氧基团浓度进行了测定，一定程度上反映了等离子体处理的程度，经过处理，薄膜表面亲水性提高；接枝丙烯酸可使薄膜亲水性获得持久改善。     

智能调温聚氨酯固-固相变材料的研究

采用化学改性的方法,将不同含量,不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝到以聚醚型的聚氨酯(PU)上,制备出一种新型的固-固相变材料。并通过红外光谱法(IR),示差扫描量热法(DSC)来研究合成材料的结构与相变行为。结果表明,PEG成功地接枝在高分子链PU上,且具有较好的相变焓,适合的相变温度,并当PEG分子量相同时,随着PEG含量的增加,相变材料相变焓增大,热切热稳定性有明显改善,当PEG含量相同,PEG分子量在600～2000时,随着分子量的增加,材料的相变焓增大。     

3D打印聚乳酸材料的改性

采用溶剂共混的方法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚己内酯(PCL)共混材料,研究了不同比例的PLA、PEG、PCL共混材料的亲水性、热性能和降解特性。结果表明制备的共混材料为部分相容体系;PEG的加入改善了共混膜的亲水性和加工性;当PEG的质量分数从5%升到20%,共混膜接触角由73.8°下降到66°;PCL的加入能够调节共混膜的降解时间。     

聚乙烯亚胺肝素涂层改性聚氯乙烯与表征

为了改善医用聚氯乙烯材料的生物相容性和抗凝血性,采用新型肝素涂层技术对医用聚氯乙烯材料表面进行改性,研究了涂层中肝素的稳定性.利用聚乙烯亚胺-肝素结合的方法,将肝素涂层固定在医用聚氯乙烯材料表面.使用傅里叶红外光谱仪对其进行测试,绘制肝素钠和聚乙烯亚胺 肝素复合物的标准浓度曲线,通过分光光度法测定了医用聚氯乙烯材料表面肝素的含量,并计算肝素的脱落率.实验表明,在聚氯乙烯表面肝素与聚乙烯亚胺通过阴阳离子相互作用而结合,而且在聚氯乙烯面的肝素含量为944.1 μg/cm2,浸泡在生理盐水中700 h后,肝素的释放速率先快后慢,最终趋于稳定,其表面肝素脱落量仅为0.78%.这说明聚乙烯亚胺-肝素涂层改性的聚氯乙烯材料具有良好的肝素稳定性与极低的脱落率.     

微波辅助涤纶织物表面亲水改性研究

以乙二醇微波辅助醇解改性涤纶长丝织物(PET),赋予其良好的表面亲水性。研究催化剂的种类和用量、微波时间等工艺参数对醇解反应及PET表面亲水性的影响。结果表明:硫酸钠、硫酸锌催化效率低,PET失重率小于2%,Na OH催化醇解后PET失重率在10%左右,是理想的催化剂;改性后PET纤维表面粗糙,伴随出现凹槽;红外光谱在1713cm-1、1245cm-1和1096cm-1的酯键和-C-O-特征峰减弱;改性后PET的接触角大幅降低,亲水性显著提高,0.5%Na OH、微波处理120s时,PET表面接触角降低到23.8°,且液滴存在时间明显缩短(60 s测不到接触角);改性后PET力学性能有所下降。微波辅助醇解是一种高效的PET亲水改性方法,通过控制催化剂的用量和微波时间,可控制醇解反应的程度,兼顾PET固有性能和亲水性。     

含羟基丙烯酸酯改性聚砜膜的制备及性能表征

采用紫外辐照法分别将3种含羟基丙烯酸酯单体丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、丙烯酸羟丁酯(4HBA)和丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷单酯(TMPAA)接枝到聚砜(PSF)中空纤维膜上,制备了含羟基丙烯酸酯改性的亲水性聚砜膜.用衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对接枝改性前后膜的结构和形貌进行了表征,研究了单体浓度、辐照时间对接枝密度的影响,通过水接触角和纯水通量测试研究了接枝前后膜表面的亲水性.结果表明:在相同接枝条件下,几种单体在膜表面的接枝密度顺序为HEA4HBATMPAA;在相同接枝密度时,TMPAA改性膜的亲水性大于4HBA和HEA改性膜;当TMPAA的接枝密度为3.02 mmol/m~2时,膜表面水接触角由原膜的80°下降到改性膜45°,纯水通量也由原膜的115L/(m~2·h)提高到改性膜的173 L/(m~2·h),膜表面亲水性明显增加.     

羟基磷灰石表面改性对PET过滤布固载效果的影响（英文）

采用热熔法将表面改性的羟基磷灰石固载到PET过滤布上,探讨了未改性、甲基丙烯酸酯化改性和甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝聚合改性的羟基磷灰石在不同热熔温度、热熔时间和颗粒量条件下对PET过滤布颗粒固载率及孔径大小影响。通过镉离子吸附测试评价了不同方法制备的过滤布对重金属吸附性能。结果表明,PET过滤布固载接枝改性的羟基磷灰石时能获得更高固载率和更大孔径及镉离子吸附量。     

川芎嗪衍生物改性丝素材料体外抗凝血性研究

为了提高丝素材料的抗凝血性能,尝试用活血化淤中草药川芎的有效成分川芎嗪对其进行改性.首先对川芎嗪的侧链进行结构修饰引入活性基团羟基,然后通过酯化反应引入双键,将得到的中间体进一步在无引发剂条件下接枝聚合在丝素材料表面.用傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对改性丝素进行了结构鉴定.改性丝素的抗凝血性能通过部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和血小板粘附等实验进行评价,和未改性丝素相比,改性后的丝素APTT时间延长,同时在富血小板血浆中培养30 min后未发现有粘附的血小板,说明川芎嗪衍生物改性丝素材料的体外抗凝血活性有所改善.     

氢氧化镁表面改性研究及其在天然胶中的应用

利用铝酸酯偶联剂对氢氧化镁进行初步表面改性,然后在一定条件下对初步改性粒子再进行接枝改性,通过表面修饰改善其在天然橡胶中的相容性,测试了氢氧化镁改性前后的红外光谱、亲疏水性测试、填充后天然胶的加工特性、力学性能和燃烧性能等。结果表明:与未改性氢氧化镁相比,改性后亲水性明显减弱,拉伸强度等力学性能有较大提升,阻燃性能稍有提高,说明改性氢氧化镁与天然橡胶的相容性得到了改善。     

低温等离子体引发的涤纶织物的接枝改性

为改善涤纶织物的亲水性能,本文研究了低温等离子体引发顺丁烯二酸酐的接枝聚合反应,并通过正交实验研究了等离子体的处理功率、时间和真空度对改性效果的影响,结合扫描电镜、红外光谱分析了接枝机理.研究结果表明:等离子体处理时间是影响织物亲水性能的主要因素;随着顺丁烯二酸酐浓度的增大,等离子体处理功率的增大、处理时间的延长,涤纶织物的亲水性不断提高;经100 W,30 Pa,2 min,氩气氛围处理后,织物亲水性能显著提高;红外光谱分析表明接枝反应已经发生,生成物中含有羧基.     

Microwave-assisted immobilization of heparin onto polyurethane surface for improving blood compatibility

Heparin was covalently immobilized onto polyurethane surface via a PEG spacer by a microwave-assisted approach to improve blood compatibility. Firstly, amino-terminated poly（ethylene glycol） （APEG） was rapidly grafted onto PU surface within 20 rain by a two-step method involving microwave-assisted MDI-functionalization and subsequent microwave-assisted APEG coupling. Then, heparin was eovalently immobilized through an amide linkage by the direct coupling of the carboxylic acid of heparin with the amino group of APEG on PU surface using carbodiimide coupling reaction. The surface structure and properties were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and water contact angle measurements. The results revealed that hepadn-immobilized PU surface had slightly increased roughness and significantly improved hydrophilicity in comparison to the original PU surface. The anticoagulant activity of films was evaluated by whole blood clotting time （CT） and prothrombin time （PT）. Complement activation was assessed by detecting complement fragment 3a concentrations of serum exposed to the films. The results revealed that the microwave-assisted heparin-immobilized PU films had excellent antithrombogenicity and suppressed complement activation, indicating improved blood compatibility.     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的改性研究

采用化学接枝方法对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜进行亲水改性，采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜等对接枝层进行测试、表征，实验结果表明，PVDF中空纤维膜与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸发生了接枝反应，接枝物可有效提高PVDF中空纤维膜的亲水性；改性后PVDF中空纤维膜含水率提高至112．3％；pH值和溶液离子浓度对改性的PVDF中空纤维膜的通量有较为明显的影响。     

Effect of rubber particle modification on properties of rubberized concrete

To improve the combination of cement matrix and waste tire rubber particles in concrete, the rubber particles were treated with acrylic acid（ACA） and polyethylene glycol（PEG） for grafting hydrophilic groups on their surfaces. The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and surface contact angle were used to characterize the hydrophilicity and surface functional group of rubber particles. The effect of rubber particle modifi cation on fresh/hardened properties of rubberized concrete was studied. The experimental results show that the contact angle between rubber particle surface and water decreases when rubber particle is modifi ed. Compared with the unmodifi ed rubberized concrete（RC）, the unit weight of modifi ed rubberized concrete（MRC） changes slightly. However, the slump, air-entrainment, compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact performance of MRC are obviously improved. Under good condition of slump, the water-cement ratio of the MRC can be reduced from 0.4 to 0.38. And the compressive strength and fl exural strength of the MRC（10% rubber particle content） can be increased by 25.9% and 26.4%, respectively.     

Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane by atmospheric-pressure plasma induced N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone graft polymerization

Membrane surfaces modified with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PNVP)can be endowed with hydrophilicity,biocompatibility and functionality.In this work,atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma graft polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(NVP)onto polypropylene(PP)microporous membrane surface was studied.The experimental results reveal that plasma treatment conditions,such as discharge power,treatment time and adsorbed NVP amount,have remarkable effects on the grafting degree of NVP.Structural and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR/ATR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS)and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM).Water contact angles of the membrane surfaces were also measured by the sessile drop method.Water contact angles on the membrane surfaces decrease with the increase of NVP grafting degree,which indicates an enhanced hydrophilicity for the modified membranes.The effects of grafting degrees on pure water fluxes were also measured.It is shown that pure water fluxes increase with grafting degree firstly and then decrease adversely.Finally,filtration of bovine serum albumin(BSA)solution and platelets adhesion of the PNVP modified membranes show good protein resistance and potential biocompatibility due to the enhancement of surface hydrophilicity.     

等离子体制备亲水性聚乙烯薄膜及其性能研究

以常压氩气(Ar)为工作气体,通过低温等离子体技术对聚乙烯薄膜表面引发接枝丙烯酸改性,从而制备出一种表面亲水性优良的聚乙烯薄膜,并用IR、AFM、接触角仪对其进行表征。结果表明:常压下单纯使用Ar低温等离子体对聚乙烯薄膜进行改性,表面接触角降低至43.21°±3°,但其时效性较差,随放置时间延长接触角会逐渐回复至70°±3°;而在使用表面丙烯酸接枝改性后,可使其接触角降低至19.21°±3°,并且接触角可稳定在30°±3°,薄膜表现出更优良的亲水性和耐久性。     

PET膜材料表面接枝RGDG四肽的研究

通过光化学反应首先引入短肽的接口－氨基,并对引入氨基的影响因素进行了正交设计,以找出各因素的影响程度。活化氨基后采用固相肽合成的技术将RGDG四肽引入到材料表面。通过SEM证实了材料表面有氨基及短肽的引入。结合XPS的相关数据,计算出材料表面短肽的接枝率为0．152％。     

PET—PEG嵌段共聚物的热性能和流变性

酯交换法合成了一系列不同ＰＥＧ含量的ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＧ嵌段共聚物，并以差示扫描量热法研究了这些嵌段共聚物及纯ＰＥＴ的热性能。用毛细管流变仪研究了不同温度和不同长径比条件下它们的流为性能。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> blood compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate with covalently bounded hirudin on surface

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET,Dacron) was modified by surface immobilization of hirudin with glutaraldehyde(GA) as coupling reagent to improve the blood compatibility.Hirudin-immobilized PETs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements.The blood compatibility of the PETs was evaluated by platelet adhesion evaluation and fibrinogen conformational change measurements in vitro.The results showed the decrease of platelet adhesion and activation on hirudin-immobilized PET with increasing of glutaraldehyde concentration.Fibrinogen experiment showed that fibrinogen adherence and conformational changes of PET-HRD were less than those of untreated PET,which made the materials difficult to form thrombus.The proper reason of blood compatibility improvement was low interface tension between hirudin-immobilized PETs and blood,as well as blood proteins,and low ratio of dispersive/polar component of the surface energy(γsd/γsp) and high hydrophilicity.