New Developments on Direct Conversion of Methane

Three new developments for direct conversion of CH4 are briefly introduced in this article:(1)Homogeneous catalysis by means of transition metals and their coordination complexes;(2) Chemically micic enzymes of Methane Monooxygenas(MMO);and(3) Direct carboxylation of CH4 by CO2 to produce acetic acid in a heterogeneous catalytic system.Laboratory study for the two homogeneous systems of Hg(Ⅱ）/H2SO4 and Pt(Ⅱ） coordination complex/H2SO4 shows taht the CH4 conversion rate is over 90% at a selectivity of 80% and an over 70% one-pass yield of and ester of methanol is reached .But the constraints of kinetics in these two systems must be overcome before engineering development.Both Rh（Ⅱ） coordination complex/photocatalysis and chemically mimic MMO systems are in the exploratory stage.Since the direct conversion of CH4 in these two systems can be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure, their potentially industrial benefit will be great.The study on direct reaction of CH4 with CO2 to yield acetic acid is also at the early stage of development,but the important value of this reaction for environmental protection must be emphasized besdes its economic benefits.     

Achievements of China’s Coal-bed Methane Exploration and Development

Status quo of China＇s coal-bed methane exploration and development China＇s coal-bed methane resources China is abundant in coal-bed methane. The new round of resource assessment indicates that 119 potential coalbed methane targets with burial depth of 2000m and area of 41.5×10^4 km^2 are distributed in more than 45 coalbearing basins. The total resources of coal-bed methane is almost equivalent to that of conventional gas, ranking the third in the world. Among the basins, there are 8 has a coverage of more than 1×10^2m^3, they are Yili, Tuha, Ordos, Dianqiangui, Juggar, Hailaer, Erlian, and Qinshui.     

Modeling and Experimental Study on Kinetics of Methane Hydrate Formation in Pure Water

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Experimental and Modeling Study of Kinetics for Methane Hydrate Formation with Tetrahydrofuran as Promoter

The kinetics behavior of methane hydrate formation in the presence of tetrahydrofuran(THF)as promoter was studied.A set of experimental equipment was designed and constructed.A series of kinetics data for the formation of methane hydrate in the presence of THF were measured with the isochoric method.The influences of temperature, pressure and liquid flow rate on the methane consumption rate were studied respectively.Based on the Chen-Guo hydrate formation mechanism,a kinetics model for the formation of methane hydrate in the presence of THF by using the dimensionless Gibbs free energy difference of quasi-chemical reaction of basic hydrate formation,??GRT,as the driving force was proposed.The model was used to calculate the rate of methane consumption and it was shown that the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Analysis of the Latest Progress of Methane Emissions Reduction Policies in the European Union and the United States

<正>This paper elaborates on the key points of the latest developments in methane emissions reduction policies in the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.) and makes a comparative analysis of their policy frameworks.There are similarities between the EU and the U.S. in terms of methane emissions reduction measures, but there are also significant differences.     

Solubility of Methane in Water at the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin,SDS, and Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes at Low Temperatures

In this research, the solubility of methane in water at presence of β-cyclodextrin (CD), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (NTs) have been investigated. The tests were performed at the pressures 3 and 5 bars and temperatures of 1–3°C. For any solution, data of vessel pressure versus time and the total absorption capacity were collected. NTs were dispersed in water by using SDS solution with a concentration of 1 wt% and applying ultrasonic agitation for 25 min. Addition of 0.5 wt% cyclodextrin increased the capacity of methane absorption as much as 14.63% at temperature 1°C and primary pressure of 3 bar. Dissolution capacity increased up to 5.26% by using NT along with SDS at the pressure of 5 bar and low temperatures. Simultaneous usage of CD, SDS, and NT (the solution containing 1 wt% CD, 0.1 wt% SDS, and 1 wt% NT) had the highest effect on the increase of amount and rate of dissolution. The amount of dissolution increases for this solution was 14.63% at temperature 1°C and the primary pressure 3 bar. Utilization of CD, SDS, and NT and their mixture improved the initial dissolution rate of methane at low temperatures.     

Should Colorado Methane Regulations Serve as Model for Federal Rules?

In February 2014, the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission adopted rules to directly regulate methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from oil and gas sources.     

Methane Oxidation to Synthesis Gas Using Lattice Oxygen of La1-xSrxMO3-λ(M = Fe, Mn) Perovskite Oxides Instead of Molecular Oxygen

In this paper, the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas using lattice oxygen of La1-xSrxMO3-λ(M=Fe,Mn) perovskite oxides instead of molecular oxygen was investigated. The redox circulation between 11% O2/Ar flow and 11% CH4/He flow at 900℃ shows that methane can be oxidized to CO and H2, with a selectivity of over 90.7% using the lattice oxygen of La1-xSrxFeO3-λ(x≤0.2) perovskite oxides in an appropriate reaction condition, while the lost lattice oxygen can be supplemented by air re-oxidation. It is viable for the lattice oxygen of La1-xSrxFeO3-λ(x≤0.2) perovskite oxides instead of molecular oxygen to react with methane to synthesis gas in the redox mode.     

Methane Oxidation to Synthesis Gas Using Lattice Oxygen of La_(1-x)Sr_xMO_(3-λ)(M =Fe,Mn) Perovskite Oxides Instead of Molecular Oxygen

1. Introduction The production of synthesis gas from methane is animportant way for the chemical utilization of natural gas,such as for producing methanol, liquid hydrogen (viaFischer-Tropsch synthesis), ammonia and dimethylether (Nakagawa, et al., 2001…     

of Offering Course of Field Training

, Zhejiang, China)By the method of literature, the present paper holds that as a form     

Faculty of Petroleum Engleering of the University of Petroleum (Beijng)

~~Faculty of Petroleum Engleering of the University of Petroleum (Beijng)     

Introduction of Research Institute of Petroleum Processing

The Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP),SINOPEC, is a comprehensive scientific research and devel-opment institute founded in 1956, engaging mainly in appliedtechnologies of petroleum refining and petrochemical pro-cesses (including crude assay, crude processing, petrochemi-cal technology, catalyst, petroleum and chemical industrialanalyzing, testing, evaluation and standardization, petrochemi-cal industrial automation, and computer application), and lay-ing stress on applie…     

Effect of the Structure of Cations and Anions of Ionic Liquids on Separation of Aromatics from Hydrocarbon Mixtures

1. Introduction Benzene is a key chemical in the chemical industry, used as the raw material for producing polymer precursors, solvents, dyes, drugs, herbicides, and so on. The world production of benzene is more than 2.0×107 tons/year (Vervalin, 1991; Weissermel and Arpe, 1993; Villaluenga and Tabe-Mohammadi, 2000). Before World War II, benzene was mainly produced from coal, but nowadays more than 90% is obtained from petroleum, mainly from catalytic reformates and FCC gasoline, and by …     

Molecular simulation of critical parameters of nano-confined n-alkanes

TraPPE force field combined with grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulation were used to investigate the vapor-liquid coexistence curve and critical properties of methane, ethane, propane, and n-butane in slit pores ranging from 6 ? to 40 ?. Long range correction for intermolecular potential in slit pore model was developed, and the fact indicating that its influence on various thermodynamic properties is not negligible was found. The simulation results show that the thermodynamic properties of nano-confined alkanes shift tremendously from the bulk state. The critical temperature under confinement experiences a roughly linear decrease with an inverse in the slit width, while the critical pressure and the critical density have a relative increment related with carbon number on both the large slit width region and the small slit width region. Further analysis on z-density profiles of alkanes revealed that the complex behaviors of shift in critical parameters are the results of interplay between fluid-fluid and fluid-wall interaction.     

Analysis of the Multinational Strategy of Oil Companies

With the continuous and rapid development of the national economy,China‘s oil consumption embarks on a stage of fast growth. The gap between oil supply and demand will get wider, which has seriously limited the development of China‘s economy and society.In 2004, China became the second largest oilconsumption country in the world,     

Mechanism of Combustion of Fuel‐Air Mixtures

A new mechanism of combustion of fuelair mixtures in internal combustion engines was formulated. According to this mechanism, a set of active particles: radicals, cation and anionradicals, ions, and electrons, participate in the combustion process.     

Characterization of Depositional System Tract for Exploration of Lithologic Pools-An example of Qaidam basin

System tract, a basic unit of Ⅲ-grade sequence, is a combination of the same-term depositional systems controlled by water level changes (lacustrine level or sea level). Petroleum tends to being accumulated in the depositional sand bodies of different system tracts. The type and distribution of lithologic pools could be predicted by characterization of system tracts and analysis of depositional systems. In southwestern Qaidam basin, the characterization of system tracts shows that there exist developed transgressive system tract (TST) and various types of reservoirs such as sand body of deltaic front, lacustrine beach and dam as well as local turbidite of semideep lake. Based on synthetically geologic and seismic analyses, using digital seismic processing techniques (Jason's reservoir inversion, etc.), the sand body distribution could be described, hence predicting that in southwestern Qaidam basin mainly developed the lithologic pools of SB, TU, DT and SS types.     

A Study of the Characteristics of Microorganisms for Effective Degradation of Marine Oil Spills

1. Introduction Crude oil is one principal organic pollutants in marine environments. It has been estimated that about (1.7~8.8)×106 tons of oil worldwide impact on marine water and estuaries annually (Head and Swannell, 1999). Oil spills have become a major concern in marine and coastal environments (Lei, et al., 2000). A number of means are available to clean up oil spills in the marine environment. Floating booms, skimmers, and oil-water separators are the most common mechanical means to…