秋刀鱼中组胺菌的分离及其理化性质研究

采用不同选择性培养基对秋刀鱼组织中的产组胺菌进行筛选分离,通过理化性质分析对筛选出的菌株进行初步鉴定,同时研究了温度和pH值对不同菌株组胺产生能力的影响。结果显示,分离获得5株产组胺菌,分别命名为菌株1、菌株2、菌株3、菌株4、菌株5,经鉴定依次属于哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、变形菌属(Proteus Hauser)、沙雷铁氏菌属(Serratia)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。5株菌在4～36℃温度下及pH值4.5～8.5范围内均能产生组胺,最适温度分别为20、36、36、20和25℃,最适pH值分别为8.5、7.5、6.5、6.5、7.5,在适宜培养条件下组胺产生能力均可超过20 mg/mL。4℃低温和pH值4.5条件下5株菌组胺产生能力均显著(p0.05)降低,但仍能保持较高的水平。以上结果为秋刀鱼组胺菌的控制提供了理论依据。     

鲐鱼中产组胺菌的分离筛选与生物学特性初步研究

利用产组胺菌鉴别培养基,对鲐鱼内脏中产组胺菌进行初步筛选,结合高效液相色谱分析方法对分离菌株的产组胺能力进行了确认;并通过菌株的生理生化、形态和16SrDNA基因序列分析对分离得到的菌株进行鉴定;研究了温度和pH对菌株生长和产组胺的影响。结果表明,从鲐鱼中初步分离的4株菌(T4、T5、T6和T9)在组胺发酵培养基中能够产生164.1～466.1μg/100mL组胺;经生理生化特性及16SrDNA序列测定为相同菌种,对其中T4菌株进行进化树分析,发现菌株T4与产粘液变形杆菌相似性最高。T4菌株生长和产组胺的最适温度均为20℃,最适pH均为7。     

东海细点圆趾蟹含肉率及肌肉营养价值的分析

对细点圆趾蟹的含肉率,以及利用常规肌肉营养测试方法对东海细点圆趾蟹的肌肉营养成分进行测定,结果表明:细点圆趾蟹的含肉率为23.67%,蟹肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分、灰分的含量分别为17.94%,1.37%,73.25%,4.7%。分析了肌肉蛋白质中17种常见氨基酸含量(色氨酸未测),其氨基酸总量为16.43%,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的38%,鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的36%,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)标准,并且含有丰富的钾、钙、镁、铁等矿质元素。综合数据表明,细点圆趾蟹具有较高的营养价值,适合进一步开发利用。     

冷冻鲣鱼中产组胺菌的分离筛选及其生物学特性研究

采用Actis’s鉴别培养基,初步筛选鲣鱼组织中的产组胺菌;结合高效液相色谱法分析初步分离菌株的产组胺能力。研究温度和pH因素对产组胺菌生长以及组胺产生的影响。通过生理生化、形态和16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定产组胺菌。试验结果表明,分离得到两株产组胺菌,分别记为J2和J4。这两株菌在添加L-组氨酸的胰酶大豆肉汤里均能够产生组胺。菌株J2和J4最适生长温度均为30℃,最适pH分别为7和6。菌株J2和J4产组胺的最适温度分别为25℃和30℃,最适pH均为5,在适宜的实验条件下组胺产生量最大值为12.47mg/L。根据菌株的形态、生理生化、生长和产组胺特性以及16S rDNA基因序列分析,J2和J4均与蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的亲缘关系最近。     

四川自然发酵香肠中组胺降解菌的筛选鉴定及初步应用

采用产生物胺显色培养基,从20个四川自然发酵香肠样品中共分离得到不产生物胺的菌株256株。以肉制品发酵剂相关标准作为初筛条件得到菌株17株,且对组胺均有不同程度的降解。对组胺降解率较高的5株菌的鉴定结果表明,19号、41号和46号分别为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)、混淆魏斯氏菌(Weissella confusa),47号和48号均为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。19号、41号和46号菌株之间无明显拮抗作用,具有较好的生长能力和产酸能力,能耐受低温、低pH、60 g/L的食盐及150 mg/kg的亚硝酸盐,且混合菌株比单一菌株能更好地抑制产胺菌的生长。香肠成熟30 d时,接种组的组胺含量(46.56 mg/kg)比未接种组的组胺含量(66.77 mg/kg)降低了30.26%(p0.05)。研究结果表明,在发酵香肠生产中接种可降解组胺的乳酸菌,能有效降低产品中组胺含量,提高发酵香肠的食用安全性。     

细点圆趾蟹含肉下脚料酶解物中抗氧化肽的分离与鉴定

目的：从细点圆趾蟹含肉下脚料的胰蛋白酶酶解产物中分离鉴定具有高ABTS+·清除率的抗氧化肽。方法：通过超滤系统、Sephadex G-15和半制备型RP-HPLC,从细点圆趾蟹含肉下脚料酶解产物中分离制备抗氧化肽,用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS）对肽的结构进行表征,再通过合成肽对其结构与ABTS+·清除率进行验证。结果：获得2个ABTS+·清除能力较强的抗氧化肽,其氨基酸序列分别为Tyr-Glu-Gly（YEG）和Tyr-Glu（YE）。合成肽YEG和YE的分子质量分别为367.35 u和310.30 u,纯度分别为98.52%和98.04%,清除ABTS+·的IC50值分别为0.456 mg/mL和0.184 mg/mL,且YE的IC50值比L-还原型谷胱甘肽高30.30%。结论：细点圆趾蟹含肉下脚料的胰蛋白酶酶解产物含有抗氧化活性的肽类成分,为其抗氧化肽的开发提供理论依据。     

浙东腌冬瓜产组胺微生物的分离及产组胺特性研究

为了解浙东地区传统腌冬瓜发酵体系中产组胺细菌及其组胺产生规律,本研究通过鉴别培养基结合HPLC筛选并确认了菌株的产组胺能力,并利用16S r DNA分子鉴定产组胺菌株;研究培养温度、p H和盐度对菌株生长和产组胺的影响。结果表明,从腌冬瓜发酵前、中期筛选出的5株菌属于2个菌种,命为M1和M3,均是肠杆菌属,且分别与Enterobacter aerogenes(产气肠杆菌)和Enterobacter xiangfangensis的亲缘关系最近。这两种菌的最适生长温度均为30℃,最适生长p H均为7,在小于5%盐度时生长均稳定;在组胺发酵培养基中,产组胺的最适p H均为4,在20~35℃的适宜生长温度内,最适产组胺温度均为35℃,随盐度的升高,产组胺量均降低。适宜的实验条件下,M1和M3的最大生长量分别为11.65 lg CFU/m L和14.30 lg CFU/m L,最大产组胺量分别为35.66mg/L和39.54 mg/L。研究结果可为浙东特色腌冬瓜的加工工艺及质量安全控制等提供参考依据。     

细点圆趾蟹和锯缘青蟹肌肉营养成分分析与比较

利用传统营养分析方法对细点圆趾蟹和锯缘青蟹的肌肉营养成分进行研究。结果表明:两种海蟹共检测出18种氨基酸,细点圆趾蟹和锯缘青蟹的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为37.83%和34.32%,构成比例均符合联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织的评价标准;细点圆趾蟹肌肉必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为59.80,而锯缘青蟹则为68.27,比前者营养价值稍高;两种海蟹的第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,细点圆趾蟹和锯缘青蟹脂肪酸中前者的饱和脂肪酸含量为22.97%,要显著高于后者的16.64%;多不饱和脂肪酸均以EPA为主,EPA+DHA含量分别为17.90%和11.75%。两种海蟹的锌含量均较高,且Zn/Cu均明显小于10,是较好的锌元素补充源食物;细点圆趾蟹也是较好的硒元素食物来源。研究表明,两种海蟹均具有较高营养价值,同时二者的一些营养成分也存在着差异。     

鲭鱼生物胺生成菌的分离与鉴定

从鲭鱼体内分离7 株生物胺产生菌,其中3 株菌可以产生色胺,4 株菌可以产生2-苯乙胺,4 株菌可以产生腐胺,1 株菌可以产生尸胺,3 株菌可以产生组胺,1 株菌可以产生酪胺。组胺生成量较高的No.1菌株形态学、生理生化分析及菌种鉴定结果表明该菌株极有可能为侵肺巴斯德氏菌,可信度为99.9%。     

鱼类水产品中耐冷性摩根菌Morganela psychrotolerans污染情况与分离株组胺生成能力

对市售水产品中耐冷性摩根菌Morganella psychrotolerans的污染情况进行调查,研究其分离株组胺生成。实验共调查了广东省市售100个鱼类样本,研究结果表明,M. psychrotolerans广泛分布于广东省市售中水产品中,在样品中的污染率达34%,在青皮红肉鱼中的污染率为35.9%,在白肉鱼中的污染率为27.3%,其中鲭鱼样本的污染率在总阳性样品中占比38.24%,金枪鱼样本的污染率占比29.41%。在呈现阳性的样品中共分离到16株M. psychrotolerans,对分离的16株M. psychrotolerans进行组胺生成能力研究发现,在20℃培养48 h后分离株组胺生成量均大于1 000 mg/L,其中分离株1的组胺生成量大于模式菌株。将分离株1与模式菌株在不同温度（4、20℃）条件下对比研究发现,分离株1与模式菌株的生长并未呈现明显差异,但组胺生成量呈现不同。分离株1在4℃培养10 d后,其组胺生成量显著高于模式菌株;在20℃培养60 h后,模式菌株组胺生成量显著高于离株1。本研究为冷链物流水产品中可能存在的组胺积累问题提供了理论数据支撑。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press