固相微萃取技术在食品安全检测中的应用研究

作为一种新型的分析技术,固相微萃取技术经常会应用到样品的前处理环节。与之前使用的前处理技术相比,固相微萃取技术具备高效、快捷、简单的优势,所以在食品检测过程中应用非常广泛。随着科学技术水平的不断发展,使用固相微萃取技术对食品进行检测也已经取得了极大的进展。基于此,在本文中就结合固相微萃取技术的应用原理及操作步骤,探讨了其在食品安全检测中的具体应用,最后总结了固相微萃取技术的发展趋势。     

固相微萃取技术及其在N-亚硝胺分析中的应用

固相微萃取技术(SPME)是在固相萃取基础上发展起来的一种无溶剂的样品前处理技术,集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体。该技术有着操作简单迅速、低耗费、安全、易解析、高灵敏度及无有机溶剂的优点。本文介绍了固相微萃取技术的原理、萃取装置、萃取方式、操作过程,并综述了固相微萃取技术在N-亚硝胺分析中的研究进展及应用前景。     

基于静电纺丝纤维的固相萃取和固相微萃取技术在食品安全分析中的研究进展

食品安全分析技术发展对提升食品安全监管能力、确保食品安全具有重要的支撑。近年来,固相萃取和固相微萃取方法在低浓度、复杂基质的食品安全分析领域发挥着重要作用。静电纺丝作为一种纳米材料制备方法,具有操作简便、条件温和、制备高效、易于工业化生产等特征,在新材料研发领域备受关注。近年,以静电纺丝材料为固相萃取和固相微萃取吸附剂的研究取得了较多新的进展,也开始应用于食品安全分析领域。本文总结了食品安全分析领域中基于静电纺丝纤维的固相萃取和固相微萃取技术的研究及应用进展,讨论了现有研究中静电纺丝材料在吸附剂中的应用及相关前处理方法的优势,以期为以静电纺丝纤维为吸附剂的固相萃取和固相微萃取技术在食品安全分析领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

分子印迹固相微萃取技术在食品安全分析中的应用研究进展

分子印迹固相微萃取技术因具有富集效率高、选择性好、操作简便、环境友好等优点,已广泛应用于食品安全分析领域中。文章介绍了分子印迹固相微萃取介质的制备方法及包括萃取头式、管内式、整体柱式和搅拌棒式等形式在内的分子印迹固相微萃取固载技术研究进展,并综述了分子印迹固相微萃取技术在农药残留、兽药残留和有机污染物等食品安全分析领域中的应用研究进展。     

固相微萃取在食品农药残留检测中应用

该文综述食品农药残留分析样品前处理技术—固相微萃取技术,对固相微萃取方法在食品农药残留检测中应用进行总结,并对固相微萃取在食品农药残留分析中发展进行讨论。     

3种固相萃取新技术在食品检测前处理中的应用

固相萃取技术是样品前处理中常用的方法,具有试剂用量少、环境污染少、无乳化、操作简单等优点。本研究介绍了固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取和在线固相萃取等3种固相萃取新技术在食品检测领域中的应用,并对各技术的优缺点进行了分析,同时阐述了各技术在食品检测领域的发展局限性及发展趋势,以期为这3种技术的应用提供参考依据。     

无溶剂萃取技术在食品中农药残留分析的研究进展

无溶剂萃取技术是一种先进的样品制备与前处理技术,常用的有气相萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等方法。本文综述了无溶剂萃取技术的基本原理及在食品中农药残留的研究应用进展。     

固相微萃取技术在纺织品检测中的应用

本文介绍了固相微萃取技术特点以及其在纺织品检测中的应用情况,并对固相微萃取技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

固相微萃取及其在食品分析中的应用

固相微萃取 (SPME)是在固相萃取 (SPE)的基础上发展起来的新型萃取分离技术。该技术集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体 ,简便、快速、经济安全、无溶剂、选择性好且灵敏度高。文中介绍了固相微萃取的装置、原理、操作 ,论述了其工作条件选择及优化以及在食品分析中的应用 ,并对其前景进行了展望。     

SPME及其与GC/MS联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展

概述了固相微萃取技术的发展、基本原理、萃取条件和GC条件的选择以及固相微萃取与气相色谱/质谱联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.