等离子喷涂Fe基合金涂层的耐蚀性

Fe基合金(含Cr、Ni、B、Si 等)作为喷涂粉末,采用等离子喷涂法在Q235钢基体上制备了厚度约为200 μm的Fe基合金涂层.用盐雾腐蚀方法检测了Fe基合金涂层和对比材料1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、体视显微镜对腐蚀前后试样的表面形貌进行了观察和分析;对Fe基合金涂层与不锈钢试样的盐雾腐蚀质量损失进行了测量.盐雾腐蚀试验结果表明,Fe基合金涂层的耐腐蚀性明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢.前者主要为孔蚀,后者为晶间腐蚀和孔蚀.经封孔的Fe基合金涂层较未封孔的Fe基合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高.     

激光近成形金属零件过程中涂覆层的组织及性能

利用激光近成形技术，在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上采用镍基合金和钴基合金粉末进行单道涂覆烧结试验，获得具有快速凝固组织特征的激光涂覆层，并分析了影响涂覆层组织和质量的激光参数和工艺参数。     

等离子辉光合成TiN渗镀层耐腐蚀性能的研究

介绍了一种同时利用等离子尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的TiN渗镀层新工艺技术.将该TiN渗镀试样与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢在1 mol/LH2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中,分别进行电化学腐蚀对比试验.结果表明：TiN渗镀层在酸性溶液中的耐蚀性能比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和Q235钢分别提高了1.4和4.2倍.在盐水中的耐蚀性能比Q235钢提高了182.6倍,但比1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢耐蚀性能稍差.渗镀TiN层耐酸性溶液腐蚀性能优于耐盐水腐蚀性能.     

信息动态

在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面激光熔覆了Co基金属陶瓷复合涂层,对高温氧化后基体和复合层进行物相分析,并采用垂直气-砂喷射式高温冲蚀磨损试验装置进行高温冲蚀试验,分析熔覆层冲蚀后的微观形貌.研究表明:钴基合金熔覆层具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,原因在于Co能有效促进形成由Cr2O3,CoO·Cr2O3或CoCr2O4组成的致密氧化膜,且CoO与Cr2O3间较强的结合键增强了氧化膜的致密性.钴基合金添加10％ WC的激光熔覆层具有比基体金属更为优良的抗高温冲蚀磨损性能,而添加了20％ WC的激光熔覆层的抗高温冲蚀磨损性能则比基体差.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基合金涂层的抗汽蚀性能

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上制备了200 pm厚的Fe基(含Cr、Ni等)合金涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计、磁致伸缩汽蚀仪对涂层的组织、硬度和抗汽蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,Fe基合金涂层组织均匀致密,孔隙率低,具有层状结构,涂层的平均硬度为993 HV0.1,是基体硬度的5.8倍;Fe基涂层抗汽蚀性能明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢汽蚀沿晶界和孪晶界破坏,而Fe基合金涂层汽蚀沿表面微小孔隙破坏,破坏由孔隙边缘向外扩展,损伤程度由汽蚀试样表面中心向外递减,最终不同损伤程度的汽蚀坑分布于表面.     

几种不同材料在含硫介质中的腐蚀性

用失重法和恒电位极化法研究了45#碳钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层在含S介质中的腐蚀性.结果表明,低温条件下,S2-浓度变化对4种材料阴极极化和阳极极化影响较小,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化曲线相似,为典型的阴、阳极控制的电化学腐蚀过程,自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流相近;Ni-P合金镀层出现了钝化区;45#碳钢出现了阳极控制的扩散过程.温度升高,腐蚀速率增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化率变大,Ni-P合金镀层的钝化性能减弱, 1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层均是含S介质中的耐蚀材料.     

CeO_2对镍基金属陶瓷复合层组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用 5kWCO2 激光器在 5Cr2 1Mn9Ni4N不锈钢基体表面成功熔覆了含不同CeO2 量的镍基金属陶瓷复合层。研究了稀土氧化物CeO2 对激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合层显微组织形态和耐腐蚀性能的影响 ,发现稀土氧化物CeO2 能加速碳化钨颗粒的溶解 ,促使钨与铬形成金属间化合物 ;激光熔覆镍基金属陶瓷复合层的耐硫酸腐蚀能力显著优于 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢 ;且含 0 5 %CeO2 (质量分数 )的激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀能力比含 1 5 %CeO2 (质量分数 )和不含CeO2 的激光熔覆层都要强     

CeO2对镍基金属陶瓷复合层组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用5kW CO2激光器在5Cr21Mn9Ni4N不锈钢基体表面成功熔覆了含不同CeO2量的镍基金属陶瓷复合层。研究了稀土氧化物CeO2对激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合层显微组织形态和耐腐蚀性能的影响,发现稀土氧化物CeO2能加速碳化钨颗粒的溶解,促使钨与铬形成金属间化合物;激光熔覆镍基金属陶瓷复合层的耐硫酸腐蚀能力显著翁于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢;且含0．5％CeO2（质量分数）的激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀能力比含1．5％CeO2（质量分数）和不含CeO2的激光熔覆层都要强。     

2Cr13钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金组织及其性能

采用横流连续波2kW CO2激光在2Cr13不锈钢表面进行激光熔覆处理,对熔履层的组织结构、磨损及高温和PbSO4盐热腐蚀性能进行了系统研究。试验结果表明,表面激光熔覆Co基合金后,其耐磨粒磨损性能、高温PbSO4盐热腐蚀性能均提高了2.5倍以上,熔覆层的热腐蚀机制是沿晶腐蚀及硫化-氧化循环进行造成的剥落型腐蚀破坏。     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2/NiCr涂层抗加沙空蚀性分析

采用HVOF技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上制备了Cr3C2/NiCr涂层,借助XRD,TEM,SEM等方法分析了涂层的组织形貌及相组成.以1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢作为对比材料,用磁致伸缩空蚀仪配备扬沙装置测试了涂层在清水以及含沙水中抗空蚀性能.结果表明,涂层呈层状结构,含有未熔颗粒和少量孔隙,涂层由Cr3C2,Cr7C3,Cr23C6及NiCr等相组成;在清水试验中,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢抗空蚀性能良好,与空蚀过程中1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢产生加工硬化有直接关系;在含沙40 kg/m3试验水中,Cr3C2/NiCr涂层呈现出较好的抗空蚀性能,与涂层自身相组成以及较高硬度有关.Cr3C2/NiCr涂层破坏总是从孔隙等薄弱环节开始,而1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的破坏起始于晶界和孪晶界.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.