A cooperative turbo coding scheme for wireless fading channels

A coded cooperative transmission scheme based on turbo encoding/decoding, in which only newly generated parity bits of the partner are sent if the user successfully decodes its partner's information in order to improve bandwidth efficiency is proposed. The proposed encoding structure introduces correlation between users' data over multiple frames, which offers effectively longer codes and facilitates high-performance iterative multi-user decoding at the destination. Additionally, the iterative decoding over multiple frames can provide time diversity besides spatial diversity inherent in user cooperation even for flat block fading channels. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms direct transmission for the same transmitted power and bandwidth efficiency.     

频率选择性信道下基于虚拟 MIMO-STBC 的无线传感器网络中功率分配的研究

结合频域均衡(FDE)研究了在频率选择性衰落信道下基于虚拟 MIMO-STBC 的无线传感器网络的功率分配(PA)方案.利用从目标簇反馈回信源簇的信道状态信息,在协同传输节点总发送功率一定的情况下,通过最大化信宿节点接收到数据的信噪比推导出了一种基于滤波器组频域加权的 PA 方案.仿真结果表明,在系统一定的误码率要求下,采用这种 PA 方案的无线传感器网络所需要的发射功率要少于等 PA 方案所需要的发射功率,从而减少了无线传感器网络的能耗.     

无线芯片域网络自适应多址调制方案的研究

为了解决多芯片构成的无线芯片域网络（WCAN）中的多用户网络通信问题,进行了WCAN自适应多址调制方案研究。结合WCAN的具体应用场景,首先研究了芯片内/间的无线信道特性,分析了多址跳时脉冲位置调制（TH PPM）技术的干扰噪声源及BER性能;然后在此基础上提出了自适应多址TH PPM方案,设计了智能化的传输机制,以对WCAN中芯片内/间的功率、误码率、传输速率进行权衡;最后通过仿真给出了其性能分析。研究结果显示,该方案在确保芯片内/间无线互连QoS可靠的同时,能够合理地分配系统资源,显著提高系统的传输性能,有效解决固定多址调制技术存在资源分配不均,系统性能不稳定的缺陷。     

Nimble and adaptive time-division multiple access control phase algorithm for cluster-based wireless sensor networks

Control phase plays a critical role in the performance of time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based networks. Within cluster-based wireless sensor networks, a nimble and adaptive control phase algorithm called NACPA to control the control phase of TDMA-based medium access control (MAC) in cluster-based sensor networks is proposed. This algorithm takes advantage of the wireless sensor hardware feature and presents a more accurate although simpler means to calculate the number of contention nodes in one round. On the basis of the analysis of the features of contention probability against the number of contention nodes, this algorithm can significantly reduce its computation complexity, rendering it practically feasible for resource-constrained sensor networks. Detailed analytical evaluation against two typical MAC algorithms (polling and carrier sense multiple access) is presented both in terms of packet transmission delay and average channel utilisation, the results of which, while also matching the simulation observation, have shown its effectiveness and efficiency.     

一种基于协同MIMO的无线传感器网络传输方案

针对无线传感器网络中能量有限和能耗不均衡问题,提出了一种基于协同多输入多输出(MIMO)的无线传感器网络传输方案,此方案利用有限比特的反馈信息实时调整簇头节点(CH)和协同簇头节点(CCHs)的发射功率并动态地更新协同簇头节点,减少协同簇头节点的能耗.在给定误比特率条件下,为使网络总能耗最小,对传输速率和协同簇头节点数进行联合优化,给出了均衡簇内节点能耗的算法.理论分析和仿真结果表明,此方案既能有效降低网络的总能耗,又能均衡网络中节点的能耗.     

Game-theoretic medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

In the traditional medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy consumption is traded for throughput and delay. However, in future WSNs, throughput and delay performance had better not be sacrificed for energy conservation. Here first, an incompletely cooperative game-theoretic heuristic-based constraint optimisation framework is introduced to achieve the goals of throughput, delay and energy conservation simultaneously. Then a simplified game-theoretic MAC (G-MAC) protocol is presented, which can be easily implemented in WSNs. Simulation results show that compared with two typical MAC protocols for WSNs, sensor MAC and timeout MAC, G-MAC can increase system throughput, and decrease delay and packet-loss-rate, while maintaining relatively low energy consumption.     

异构无线网络中基于多用户分集的协作频谱感知算法

研究了协作通信与认知无线电的结合,针对TD-SCDMA系统和WiMAX系统组成的异构无线网络,提出了一种基于多用户分集的协作频谱感知机制.根据该算法,WiMAX用户被分成若干个簇,选择每个簇内瞬时信道条件最好的WiMAX用户协作检测频谱,并利用软硬结合的判决手段,既保证检测性能,又不增加复杂度.分析和仿真表明,该算法一方面保证了频谱检测的可靠性,降低了虚警概率,另一方面减少了通信开销,提高了判决消息传输的可靠性,达到了提升频谱利用率的目的.     

移动终端辅助的异构无线网络协作定位算法

为消除非视距传播导致的定位误差,提出了一种蜂窝网和Ad Hoc组成的异构无线网络的一种基于多源信息融合的协作定位算法.该算法首先测量待定位移动终端分别与基站和具备GPS接收机的协作移动终端之间链路的到达时间和接收信号强度信息,通过数据融合算法以及所提出的拓展的范围缩放算法来获取最终的估计位置.仿真结果表明,该协作定位算法比其他传统算法能获取更高的定位精度和稳定度,并能接近理论上计算得出的定位误差克拉美-罗下界.     

Traffic scheduling for multimedia transmission over IEEE 802.11e wireless LAN

As the demand for broadband multimedia wireless is increasing, improving the quality of service (QoS) of the widely deployed IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN has become crucial. In order to attain the QoS required by a wide range of applications, the IEEE 802.11 working group has denned a new standard - the IEEE 802.lie. However, very limited work has been performed to address the QoS transmission problem of real-time video over IEEE 802.11e. A novel measurement-based dynamic transmission opportunity (MBDTXOP) scheme is proposed, which adaptively allocates resources to a variable bit rate (VBR) video on the basis of the estimation of future traffic demand to support efficient QoS transmission of VBR video. The novelty of the proposed scheme, when compared with existing methods, lies in estimating the required network resources by exploiting the characteristics of digital video; this capability enables the MBDTXOP scheme to substantially increase network utilisation while preserving the required QoS for the transmission of VBR video. Simulations comparing the proposed scheme with other mechanisms clearly demonstrate the outstanding performance of the former.     

Multi-rate power-controlled link scheduling for mesh broadband wireless access networks

The problem of multi-rate power-controlled collision-free scheduling in spatial time division multiple access (STDMA) wireless mesh networks is formulated as a mathematical program utilising cross layer information. As these mixed integer linear programs are intractable (NP-hard problems), optimal collision-free schedules can be found only for topologies consisting of a few nodes. To this end, approximation algorithms that are based on linear programming relaxation and randomised rounding are studied. The proposed framework, which aims to maximise the spatial timeslot reuse under predefined signal-to-interference noise ratio thresholds, is suitable for providing centralised scheduling in the mesh mode of the IEEE 802.16 standard. Performance aspects of the approximation algorithms under different scenarios are investigated.     

Performance analysis of asynchronous direct sequence code division multiple access for general chip waveforms over multi-path Rayleigh fading channels

The probability of error (P_e) performance of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals over multi-path Rayleigh fading channels for general (i.e. time-limited and band-limited) chip waveforms is investigated. The numerical values of the P_e are calculated for DS-CDMA signals using conventional time-limited chip waveforms and a band-limited square root raised cosine (SRRC) chip waveform. Analytical calculations are verified by conducting simulations. In terms of the P_e, the SRRC-based system results in a worse performance value than those of the time-limited chip waveform-based systems. However, due to its compact bandwidth, the SRRC-based system provides the highest capacity defined as the number of users per Hertz for a same P_e performance level.     

Capacity estimation of wireless ad hoc networks in fading channels

The authors employ a statistical method to characterise the wireless ad hoc network capacity problem. The channel parameters such as path loss and fading are considered in the analysis.Moreover, a simulationmethod based on the probability density function of signal-to-interference-plus-noise power-ratio is introduced. In both analysis and simulation, two receiving methods, matched filter (MF) and minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detector, are considered. After establishing the accuracy of the analytic approximation and comparing its results with simulation results, the scalability of a random network is studied. Moreover, the outage and ergodic capacities are determined for various network and channel parameters. It is shown that when MMSE detector is used in the network, the capacity is higher than when MF is used. When number of the nodes increases the total ergodic capacity raises, but per node capacity reduces when using both MF and MMSE detectors. It is shown that the total outage capacity reaches a maximum. This leads to the conclusion that an optimum value for the number of nodes in the network exists, which maximises the outage capacity.     

多用户协同无线网络中的中继选择的研究

针对多用户协同无线网络中的中继选择问题,提出了两种基于不同系统开销的半分布式中继选择算法。这两种算法以中断概率为优化目标,充分利用多用户协同无线网络的特点,以较低的系统开销和计算复杂度获取使系统中断概率达到最小的中继选择问题(指派问题)的次优解。仿真结果表明,两种算法均可以较好地逼近中断概率性能的下界,并保证用户公平性,而算法2以较大的系统开销换取优于算法1的容量性能。提出的两种半分布式算法在性能和系统开销之间获得了较好的折衷,可以大幅简化中继选择在实际无线通信系统中的应用,尤其适用于稠密人口地区的应用。     

Error rate and diversity order of multinode cooperative communications in dissimilar nakagami fading channels

Cooperative communications has been recognised as an effective technique to combat multi-path fading impairment and to provide additional diversity advantage for small-size and low-power-consumption mobile terminals. A class of decode-and-forward (DF) relaying serial cooperative communications, in which each node is assumed to be able to determine whether the received signals can be successfully decoded or not, has recently been proposed and analysed over Rayleigh fading channels. Since the Nakagami fading channels represent a wide variety of realistic channels, such serial cooperative networks should be investigated over such channels before putting into real applications. In this paper, we analyse the performance of such serial cooperative transmission systems thoroughly over dissimilar Nakagami fading channels. We derive a closed-form symbol-error-rate expression for the case of M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. Moreover, we evaluate the system diversity property and investigate the achievable diversity order under two specific channel conditions. Finally, we perform simulations to verify the theoretical findings.     

Stability of multiple access communication networks

The problem of stability of different multiple access schemes in computer networks is discussed. The results for the main multiple access schemes — slottedaloha, controlledaloha, csma, csma/cd, polling systems and collision resolution algorithms are surveyed. The techniques used for the stability of these systems have been emphasized. An error in the first draft of this paper was pointed out by the reviewer.     

超宽带无线多媒体传感器网络中的能耗分析

分析了超宽带无线多媒体传感器网络中节点能耗的主要影响因素以及影响机理.首先研究了在高斯信道中转换编码器维数如何影响节点能耗,然后进一步分析了在H.264标准下网络业务最大可承受失真对节点能耗的影响情况.仿真结果表明,用于多媒体业务压缩编解码的能耗占了传感器节点能耗的绝大部分;在高斯信道中,转换编码器维数直接影响了收发能...     

Transmitter pre-filtering for the downlink of a time-division-duplex/direct sequencecode division multiple access system over time-varying multipath fading channels

In this paper, we investigate an optimised transmitter pre-filtering technique for downlink time-division-duplex (TDD) code division multiple access (CDMA) communications, which employs the conventional matched filter (MF) detector at the mobile receivers. The proposed pre-filtering technique eliminates the multiple-access interference and intersymbol interference (MAI/ISI) effects by applying a very simple transmission scheme that combines a signal transformation with a cyclic prefix strategy under a power constraint condition. Two constrained pre-filtering transformations are suggested depending on the information required at the mobile unit. An open-loop transmitter pre-filtering is first formulated; however, this solution does not consider the properties of the noise at the mobile receiver. A second solution is then presented via a closed-loop transmitter pre-filtering that includes an optimum gain for a given transmit and noise power. Some associated issues such as system efficiency, computational complexity and channel estimation errors are also addressed. Simulation results show that the proposed transmitter pre-filtering scheme can be used to increase the system performance and capacity. In addition, its performance is compared with another similar transmit pre-processing scheme in order to evaluate the performance improvement by the proposed algorithm.     

无线视频传输中自适应的前向纠错技术

提出了一种改进的无线网络视频传输自适应前向纠错(FEC)算法.该算法首先对丢包原因进行区分,根据不同的丢包原因采用不同的带宽估计方法,使得获得的网络拥塞导致丢包的概率更加准确;然后根据视频的不同部分在解码端重要性的不同,在视频数据和冗余数据之间优化分配所估计的带宽,使得在当前网络条件下视频的失真最小.仿真结果表明,这种算法能够更好地提高网络的吞吐量和视频的服务质量.     

TCP-friendly congestion control for streaming real-time applications over wireless networks

Congestion control for streaming real-time applications, which need smoothness of the transmission rate, should be transmission control protocol (TCP)-friendly. Moreover, in wireless networks, TCP-friendly congestion control should be based on differentiation of packet losses due to congestion and wireless link error to improve network utilisation. The authors propose a TCP-friendly congestion control algorithm based on explicit congestion notification over the wireless networks. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm utilises the link bandwidth efficiently, providing smoothness of the transmission rate.     

Performance of differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) with concatenated coding over optical wireless communications [optical wireless communications]

The concatenation of marker and Reed-Solomon codes in order to correct insertion/ deletion errors in differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) over optical wireless communications is presented. The concatenated code decoding algorithms with hard-decision and soft-decision detection are presented. The performance of the hard-decision coded DPPM system is evaluated over both nondispersive and dispersive channels via analysis and simulation. It is shown that the coding gain provided by the concatenated code is approximately 4 dB when the code rate is about 0.7 and the channel is nondispersive. Over a dispersive channel, the coded system performs better than the uncoded system when the ratio of delay spread to bit duration is not high. A soft-decision detector is employed to combat intersymbol interference. The soft- decision decoding algorithm, which has low complexity and can be practically implemented, is described. The performance over nondispersive and dispersive channels is evaluated by analysis and simulation. It is shown that the soft-decision system requires approximately 2 dB less transmit power than the hard-decision system for additive white Gaussian noise and low-dispersive channels. Soft decoding also provides a performance improvement in high-dispersive channels.