基于改进AHP法的深基坑支护方案多目标模糊决策研究

深基坑工程是一项复杂的系统工程,支护方案的决策受众多不确定、模糊因素的影响。为了处理这样不完全信息下的决策问题,采用基于模糊数学的理论与方法,建立深基坑支护方案决策的多目标、多层次优选模型,并对传统的AHP方法加以改进。实例表明,该方法用于基坑支护方案的决策是可行的、有效的。     

基于信息熵的深基坑支护方案多属性综合优选

依据深基坑支护方案综合评价指标体系，利用集值统计、信息熵多属性决策方法，建立综合评价模型，对深基坑支护方案进行评价优选，给出了计算实例。     

深基坑支护方案的多层次可靠模糊决策方法研究

深基坑支护方案确定需要考虑的因素较多,多层次决策更符合其结构特性。通过建立多层次可靠模糊决策模型的方法确定深基坑支护方案,并比较了多层次可靠模糊决策和多层次模糊综合评判方法的不同。同时指出,在进行模糊决策后,还应进行综合评判,以确定所选方案的可行性,为地下工程设计施工方法的选择提供了参考。     

基于模糊综合评价法的深基坑支护方案优选

为了实现深基坑多个支护方案的有效评估和优选,对镇江市某深基坑工程的支护方案进行研究。首先,从安全性、工程造价、工期、环保和施工便捷程度5个方面出发,建立了深基坑支护方案的评价指标体系。其次,通过业内专家对排桩+排桩、排桩+型钢水泥土墙和排桩+复合土钉墙3种支护方案进行评价打分,并结合AHP确定评价因素的权重;最后,运用分级法合成模糊矩阵,建立了深基坑支护方案模糊综合评价模型。评价结果表明：排桩+复合土钉墙支护方案最优。通过评价优选的支护方案与实际工程施工情况相符,验证了模糊综合评价模型在深基坑支护方案决策过程中的适用性,可为深基坑支护方案的决策提供参考。     

用灰色系统理论与方法确定深基坑支护方案

根据灰色关联分析原理，将影响待决策的深基坑支护方案的众多因素的理想解指标值组成比较数列，影响深基坑支护方案决策的实际指标值组成参考数列。根据灰色优化理论模型，结合实例得出综合的深基坑支护的最优支护方案。这种灰色系统理论的方法简单，概念明确，便于应用于工程实际中。     

基于AHP-博弈赋权与VIKOR理论的深基坑支护方案决策方法

针对深基坑工程支护方案决策过程中的模糊不确定问题,提出了一种基于AHP-博弈赋权VIKOR理论的深基坑支护方案决策方法.利用层次分析法(AHP)分析深基坑支护方案决策体系中各评价指标的相对重要性程度,以此确定主观权重;采用改进熵权理论计算评价指标的信息熵和差异系数以确定评价指标的客观权重,并通过线性组合系数以获得最优组...     

深基坑支护施工方案最优化决策方法研究

深基坑支护施工方案的评价决策是一个多目标、结构复杂、因素众多的大系统.本文利用模糊互补判断矩阵的最小方差排序方法对多目标深基坑支护施工方案的决策进行了研究和探讨.     

地下工程支护方案的距离分析与模糊决策

地下工程中围岩支护方案选择及支护参数设计实质是一种多值变量问题，或者说明是多解问题，即对同一工程条件可能有几种可行的初步支护方案．本文提出利用距离分析或模糊择近原则，从这些可行方案中选出相对最优方案．这种方法使用简便、受主观因素影响小，是一种快速定量选优的实用方法．文中介绍了这种方法的基本原理及其在支护决策专家系统中的实施原则．     

基于多目标模糊决策的深基坑支护设计评价与决策

本文针对深基坑支护设计方案的评价与决策,采用系统工程原理,引入多目标模糊决策理论,从施工简便、安全可行、环境保护、经济合理等四个方面,建立平价指标体系和深基坑支护平价模型,并通过计算分析,实现方案评价过程的定量化,并用于实际工程,取得了较好的工程效益。     

基于灰理论的基坑支护方案优选研究

在理论分析的基础上构建了一个评价基坑支护方案的三级指标体系,并给出专家逻辑推理评语体系和一致性检验的方法,以及确定理想方案指标期望值的方法。利用灰色关联分析法,建立基坑支护方案的多目标决策方法,同时提出利用多级指标体系来相互检验结论的一致性。并通过具体的工程实例进一步验证本方法的实用性和合理性。     

滑坡灾害治理方案的多属性决策方法研究

滑坡灾害治理工程是一个复杂系统工程 ,治理方案的决策受到技术、经济、环境以及风险等许多因素的影响 ,不同专家决策者对治理方案有明显的偏好 ,且属性权重信息不能完全确知。为了处理这样的不完全信息和偏好决策问题 ,提出了一种基于相似度的对方案有偏好的三角模糊数型多属性决策方法。该方法首先建立一个线性规划模型 ,通过求解该模型获得属性权重 ,然后 ,采用三角模糊数来建立判断矩阵 ,对滑坡灾害治理方案进行优化决策。最后 ,以三峡库区榨坊坪滑坡灾害的治理决策为实例 ,详细讨论了该方法的应用     

A fuzzy screening model for multiple attribute decision-making

A method for the screening of multiple attribute decision-making problems is presented. The model assists the decision-maker in eliminating inferior alternatives and insignificant attributes prior to a detailed evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of the alternatives provides the information necessary for the reduction of the decision problem. The procedure calculates maximum preference factors on which the decision-maker can base his screening decisions. These factors assess the role of alternatives in the final ranking by estimating their potential to become superior to other alternatives. Since screening tasks are carried out early in decision-making, the information available is generally uncertain. Uncertainty is represented in the model using fuzzy sets. This framework permits the handling of both imprecise and precise (crisp) estimates of impacts and provides a possibil-istic assessment of the risk associated with screening decisions.     

A building elements selection system for architects

This paper explains the development stages of an expert system BES for the evaluation and selection of the building elements. The work covers all kinds of building elements that are available in building construction including retaining walls, foundations, external walls, internal walls, floors, external stairs, internal stairs, roofs, external chimneys, internal chimneys, windows, and external doors and internal doors. The selection is based on the importance of performance requirements of the building elements and their expected performances. The selection is achieved by SMART Methodology, and the expert system shell “Exsys Corvid” is used to construct the expert system. Use of computer and Internet with its advantages in handling vast amount of data makes the system widely applicable and a useful design aid for architects. The decision-making feature of the system provides a suitable selection among numerous alternatives. The paper explains the experience gained through the use of this method and discusses further development of the system.     

结构方案设计模糊多属性决策的模糊贴近度方法

结构方案设计具有典型的“软科学”决策特点,需要运用“软设计”理论和“软计算”方法进行此类问题的求解。结构方案设计的问题求解过程包括方案生成、方案评价和方案决策三个子过程。其中,结构方案的决策属于典型的多属性决策问题,决策过程中需要运用决策者的偏好信息和方案属性的不确定性信息,因此,采用传统的多准则决策理论不能对此问题进行有效的求解。为此,本文建立了结构方案设计的模糊多属性决策模型,给出了属性模糊满意度矩阵的确定方法,以有效地处理模糊信息。为了克服直接采用欧式距离确定偏好最优方案的缺点,提出了一个基于模糊贴近度的模糊多属性决策方法,并给出了具体的求解程序。以某大跨空间结构方案设计为例,说明了结构设计方案优选的决策过程。实例应用的结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效地处理不确定性环境下结构方案的优选决策问题。     

Performance-based prioritisation for seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete bridge bent

In this study, a seismically deficient three-column reinforced concrete bridge bent has been considered which was designed in the pre-1965. Several retrofitting provisions, namely carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics jacketing, steel jacketing, concrete jacketing, and engineered cementitious composites jacketing, have been considered in this study to enhance the seismic resistance and the performance of a gravity load-designed bridge bent under seismic forces. Performance evaluation and optimal selection of retrofit techniques have multi-level and multi-factor features and, therefore, are regarded as multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. MCDM methods are decision-support procedures, which are used when there are multiple decision-makers involved in the evaluation and comparison of a set of alternatives involving different evaluation criteria. This paper shows the application of such methodological framework for a performance-based seismic retrofit selection of a multi-column bridge bent. Here, different seismic retrofit strategies, reflecting common as well as innovative approaches, are adopted, and their seismic performances are compared by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution MCDM algorithm. Through rigorous analyses, a decision-making tool has been developed to identify the most effective retrofitting scheme considering its seismic performance alone.     

Prioritization of sediment management alternatives using stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis

Decision-making for sediment management is a complex task that requires the consideration of temporal and spatial impacts of several remedial alternatives as well as the associated economic, social and political impact. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important environmental management tool that can be used to support the selection of suitable remediation alternatives and prioritization of management units in space and time. This paper proposes an MCDA framework for prioritizing sediment management alternatives. This framework involves identifying of a set of feasible options, as well as defining and evaluating criteria which integrate relevant technical, economic, social and environmental aspects of remedies. The methodology allows an explicit consideration of uncertainty in criteria scores and weights by assigning probability distributions and analyzing subsequent Monte-Carlo simulations. The consideration of different stakeholder simulated values is used to assess the robustness of alternative rankings and to guide the selection of remediation options. An application of this methodology to a case study in the Bay of Santander, Spain, is presented. An assessment is conducted for the case of unknown preferences as well as for hypothetical preferences profiles for four types of stakeholders: Idealist, Politician, Environmentalist and Balanced. The results are used to visualize stakeholder positions and potential disagreements, allowing for the identification of a group of least preferred alternatives for each stakeholder. Stakeholder involvement has the potential to ease the remedy selection process during all stages of the decision-making process and to eventually remedy implementation.     

An ontology-based approach to support decision-making for the design of ETO (Engineer-To-Order) products

Most of the facility projects have Engineer-To-Order (ETO) products. One of the major problems associated with ETO products is their long lead-time. Previous studies show that the long lead-time has more than half of its causes associated directly or indirectly with the design phase, in which many project participants are involved. This paper explores approaches to better support the ETO product design process by improving information sharing among project participants and collaborating information systems.

This paper proposes to use ontology as a technical solution to integrate heterogeneous systems. Subsequently, an ontological framework of electrical products for supporting decision-making is developed. The ontology supports the generation, analysis, sharing and reuse of domain knowledge as required by ETO business processes, thus providing information to support many information intensive business processes such as the evaluation of design alternatives. This paper also presents a case study, i.e., the selection of transformers, to demonstrate the use of the ontology. In addition, limitations of the study have also been discussed.     

Selection of the optimal alternative: rehabilitation of a regional drainage channel in Bangladesh

Due to the dynamic inter-relationship between human society and water resources, decision-making is a tricky task in water management sectors. In this study, multi-criteria analysis has been used as a decision support tool for the selection of a sustainable option in a regional channel improvement in Bangladesh. The Malnichara channel flows across the north-eastern divisional city of the country, and is responsible for storm water conveyance to the downstream Surma River. The channel was observed to be at risk due to anthropogenic activities such as encroachment, sewage and solid waste disposal and the filling up of natural depression basins. Using the multi-criteria analysis, three alternatives for channel improvement (sodding natural channel, lined natural channel and concrete box culvert) were evaluated with respect to ten indicators, grouped into four sustainability criteria (technical, economic, environmental and social). Sodding natural channel was found to be the optimal alternative, though the selection was sensitive to social criteria. Such a straightforward tool can efficiently be used to ensure sustainability of the channel through stakeholders' involvement in decision-making.     

复杂条件下基坑工程设计与施工

介绍了杭州某商业建筑扩建工程围护方案的选择和围护结构的设计计算，采用带撑桩墙式支护、被动区加固、分段开挖等多种方式，保证了周边设施安全，并减少了对附近居民正常生活的影响，为今后类似基坑设计施工提供参考借鉴。