建设创意乡村 发展创意农业

创意农业是以增加农产品附加值为目标,构建农村创意生活的生产方式和生活方式。创意农业以知识产权为先导,以农业生产为依托,以农业企业为主体,以创意生产为核心,以美学经济为基础,以市场需求为指引,以科技创新为手段,以质量效益为动力,以农产品附加值为目标,以持续利用为目的,以农业企业为主体,指导人们将农业的产前、产中和产后诸环节联结为完整的产业链条,将农产品与文化、艺术创意结合。     

安徽建工“十二五”发展战略与规划

指导思想 坚持以科学发展为主题,以加快转变发展方式为主线,以提高质量效益为中心,以提升核心竞争力为重点,以深化改革为动力,以人才建设为保障,以创新为支撑,进一步解放思想,借智借力,抢抓机遇,     

基于新工科理念下机械基础课程组建设与探究性教学模式研究

文章根据江南大学机械工程学院的人才培养目标,以"新工科"理念为导向,结合工程认证的具体要求,阐述了江南大学机械工程学院机械基础课程组建设与课程群教学改革。以转变观念为先导,以教学改革为核心,以队伍建设为根本,以完善条件为基础,以制度建设为保障,以创新型人才培养为目标,积极探索人才培养的新模式,不断提高教学水平。     

平顶山:规划先导 统筹城乡协调发展

河南省平顶山市以科学发展观为指导,立足实际,试点示范,探索创新,以科学规划为先导,以产业集聚区建设为载体,以新型城镇化建设为切入点,以"三集中"为重点,以"两转变"为着眼点和落脚点,大力推进城乡统筹发展,走出了一条以统筹城乡建设带动"三化"协调发展的新路子。     

以人为本 大力构建凝心聚力工程

为进一步提高企业凝聚力、向心力,激发员工活力,中国新兴建设开发总公司党委以企业和员工的共同发展为目标,坚持“以科学的理论武装人、以美好的愿景鼓舞人、以坚强的班子带动人、以完善的机制发展人、以优秀的文化塑造人、以真情的关爱温暖人”,不断探索,深入实践,通过团结和凝聚全体员工的力量,为企业健康持续和谐发展营造了良好氛围。     

古玉鉴赏

自古云:以苍璧礼天,以黄琮礼地,以青圭礼东方,以赤璋礼南方,礼玉琥西方,以玉璜礼北方。所以说,苍壁代表了上天,是和上天通话的最好工具。因此,作为祭祀的礼器,玉璧是不可或缺的。     

规范性编制施工组织的方法与实践分析

项目施工组织的针对性强与弱决定了项目的成败,针对某项目特点,其施工组织设计提出了以安全及文明施工为突破口,以工程质量为核心,以工期管理为主线,以施工总承包管理为依托,以信息化施工为手段,以业务流程为标准,运用五个明确的方法,紧盯工程的"管理重点"和"施工重点",以问题为导向,领会设计理念,精心编制施工组织。     

华南理工大学建筑学院土木工程系

华南理工大学土木与交通学院成立于2008年1月,是由原土木工程系和原交通学院合并成立的二级学院。学院以学科建设为龙头,以队伍建设为核心,以人才培养为根本,以教学工作为中心,以科研工作为重点,促进学院各项工作的全面、     

中国赏石文化之变迁从“观念石”文化说起

距今两三百万年前石器时代的人类,以石器为主要的劳动、生活工具,以掷小石块追逐飞禽,以砸大石块猎杀走兽,以打磨过的石斧、石刀等,进行刀耕火种式的原始农业耕作。     

宏观

坚持稳中求进的工作总基调 中共中央政治局会议指出．深入贯彻落实科学发展观,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,坚持稳中求进的工作总基凋,把稳增长放在更加重要的位置,以扩大内需为战略基点,以发展实体经济为坚实基础,以加快改革创新为强大动力,以保障和改善民生为根本目的,统筹当前与长远,     

污水的内含能及污水处理过程的耗能与节能

污水处理是一个高能耗、低能效的复杂过程。改变传统认知,将污染物当作能量物质加以资源化,回用于水处理过程或者产品化,可改变污水处理的能耗。以城市污水与焦化废水为例,分析了水质中污染物具有的内含能形式,并探讨了两种计算方法,指出内含能利用的两类可能途径和最大限度。基于热力学基本定律与污水水质特征,辅以适当的当量假设,分析了污水处理过程中的不同形式能量消耗及其原因,运用能流图表达了两个具体案例的能量转化与分布规律。比较了污水处理两类节能评价方法的优异性,提出了未来水处理可能的节能新途径。在加深污水内含能认识的基础上,结合相关产业与工艺技术,分离回收有价值成分,如营养物(氮、磷)、重金属等,并获得水资源的再利用,以间接补偿处理过程的能耗,从而实现节能目标。     

美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示

农村生活污水治理与其说是技术问题,不如说是组织和管理问题.美国在20世纪60年代已基本实现城乡一体化,农村与城市污水治理适用同一法律体系,在农村分散污水治理中强调家庭自主,国家给予一定的扶持.日本的农村污水治理与城乡一体化几乎同步.为促进农村污水治理,日本在农村实施了一套有别于城市的法规与政策,通过政府主导、居民配合、第三方负责的模式,形成了相对完善和有效的农村污水治理的组织与管理体系.我国适宜由政府主导,将农村分散污水治理视为与城市集中污水治理同等重要的永久性基础设施的建设,在政策和资金上给予倾斜扶持,统筹规划,立足长远,建立集中建设、服务与管理的农村分散污水治理的实施体系,通过建设带动农村卫生健康和环境保护目标的共同实现.     

生物增效法和生物铁法在炼油废水处理中的应用

通过生产试验考察了生物增效法和生物铁法强化炼油废水处理装置处理废水的能力.结果表明,采用生物增效法后生化装置对COD的去除率最多提高了16.7%,而采用生物铁法的生化装置对COD的去除率最多提高了9.8%;生物增效法和生物铁法都能提高炼油废水处理装置的抗冲击性能,且生物增效法在抗水力负荷冲击方面效果更好;生物增效法和生物铁法都能提高污泥的沉降性能,采用生物增效法的污泥SVI值为70～74 mL/g,采用生物铁法的污泥SVI值为96～105 mL/g,采用生物增效法的污泥沉降性能更好,生物相也更丰富.虽然生物增效法在提高炼油废水处理装置的处理能力方面效果显著,但其运行成本高,在生物增效法实施的基础上再实施生物铁法则有利于降低运行成本.     

Concretes and mortars recycled with water treatment sludge and construction and demolition rubble

There are about 7500 water treatment plants in Brazil. The wastes these plants generate in their decantation tanks and filters are discharged directly into the same brooks and rivers that supply water for treatment. Another serious environmental problem is the unregulated disposal of construction and demolition rubble, which increases the expenditure of public resources by degrading the urban environment and contributing to aggravate flooding and the proliferation of vectors harmful to public health. In this study, an evaluation was made of the possibility of recycling water treatment sludge in construction and demolition waste recycling plants. The axial compressive strength and water absorption of concretes and mortars produced with the exclusive and joint addition of these two types of waste was also determined. The ecoefficiency of this recycling was evaluated by determining the concentration of aluminum in the leached extract resulting from the solubilization of the recycled products. The production of concretes and mortars with the joint addition of water treatment sludge and recycled concrete rubble aggregates proved to be a viable recycling alternative from the standpoint of axial compression strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and tensile strength by the Brazilian test method.     

Occurrence and removal of selected organic micropollutants at mechanical, chemical and advanced wastewater treatment plants in Norway

In Norway the combined hydraulic capacity of all domestic wastewater treatment plants is relatively equally distributed between three major treatment plant types; mechanical, chemical, and combined chemical and biological. The Western coast from Lindesnes in the south to the Russian boarder in the North is dominated by mechanical treatment plants, constituting approximately 68% of the treatment capacity in that area. In the present study we report concentrations and removal efficiencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) found in five Norwegian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying different levels of treatment. Concentrations of organic micropollutants in the influents to the WWTPs were generally in the low range of what have been reported by others for domestic wastewater in Europe and North-America. More than 90% removal could be obtained for nonylphenols, PBDEs, and the more hydrophobic 4-6 ring PAHs by chemical precipitation, however, biological treatment appeared to be necessary for efficient removal of the less lipophilic 2 and 3 ring PAHs, the medium- to short-chained nonylphenol ethoxylates and diethyl phthalate. SigmaPCB(7) was removed by more than 90% by combined biological/chemical treatment, while removal efficiency by chemical treatment was not possible to estimate due to low inlet concentrations. Low or insignificant removals of PAHs, phthalates and nonylphenols with their ethoxylates were observed at the mechanical WWTP, which was in accordance with the minuscule removal of TOC.     

污泥处理的发展过程及问题探讨

对我国污泥处理现状进行了深入的剖析，介绍了污泥处理工艺的发展、水处理工业的发展、污泥综合利用等，指出了污泥发展总趋势是向资源化发展。提出了要想提高我国污泥处理的水平，除了提高人们的环保意识、建立完善的管理体制外，相关基础工业的提高也是至关重要的。     

浅议地基及基础

地基的好坏往往决定整个工程的造价。然而,地基基础设计包括基础的设计和对地基的处理,基础以地基为支撑,地基处理的好坏将直接关系到基础的选型和造价。本文就地基的处理和基础设计进行讨论。基础的选型必须根据上部结构的荷载、地基的构成和施工条件等综合各方面的情况进行确定。     

城镇污水系统中病毒特性和规律相关研究分析

根据新型冠状病毒的生物学特征,研究了病毒在水体中的赋存状态,分析总结了国内外污水处理中病毒的相关研究,认为污水处理厂只要保持正常稳定运行,就能够有效降低污水中病毒的浓度,可阻断肠道病毒和呼吸道病毒通过污水处理厂出水进行传播。对比分析了污水处理消毒过程中的臭氧消毒、氯消毒、紫外线消毒工艺,现有研究表明再生水处理过程的多级屏障作用可以有效去除病毒,结合工艺控制可以保障出水安全。此外,指出了污水处理工艺中可能产生气溶胶风险的位置,给出了相应的防护建议。这对新冠肺炎期间指导城镇污水处理厂安全稳定运行,防止新型冠状病毒进一步传播扩散有着重要参考意义。     

高氮高浓度粪便污水处理技术研究

对粪便污水及其水质情况进行了分析介绍，详细介绍了欧美国家、日本和发展中国家对于粪便污水的收运方式和处理技术，分析比较了欧美模式、日本模式和发展中国家模式对于粪便污水处理技术的优劣。综述了国内外对于高氛高浓度有机粪便污水处理方法、处理工艺、处理效果等方面的研究进展情况，比较了对于粪便污水处理技术中厌氧及好氧工艺的优缺点，提出了对于我国等发展中国家比较适用的粪便污水处理技术，即多段厌氧处理、好氧处理、絮凝沉淀、活性炭吸附等多项技术的高效组合工艺，为我国粪便污水处理提供技术参考。     

Effect of ferric chloride addition on the removal of Cu and Zn complexes with EDTA during municipal wastewater treatment

The presence of the synthetic chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in municipal wastewater has a significant impact on the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants because pollutant metal-EDTA complexes are difficult to remove. To understand the potential of FeCl3 addition during primary treatment to improve metal removal, laboratory experiments and a full-scale study were conducted. Results of laboratory experiments designed to simulate primary and secondary wastewater treatment indicate that a portion of pollutant metal-EDTA species can be converted into FeEDTA- by addition of FeCl3 during simulated primary treatment. Addition of FeCl3 also resulted in improved metal removal by adsorption. The combination of these two processes improved removal of Cu and Zn by 20% during simulated primary treatment. During full-scale treatment, a slight increase in the concentration of FeEDTA- in secondary effluent was observed when FeCl3 was added during primary treatment. However, FeCl3 addition had no observable effect on metal concentrations in the wastewater effluent. The most noticeable change in EDTA speciation at full scale occurred during primary treatment, where most of the pollutant metal-EDTA complexes were converted into FeEDTA-, irrespective of whether or not FeCl3 was added. The formation of FeEDTA- during primary treatment plays a potentially important role in metal removal and should be considered in future evaluations of wastewater treatment plant performance.