三种菊科植物抗癌抗炎组分分离与功能研究

本研究以甜叶菊、蒲公英、野菊花三种菊科植物为材料,采用水、乙醇/乙酸乙酯、甲醇和正己烷4种溶剂提取,硅胶柱层析、TLC分离纯化,以小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1c1c7和小鼠巨噬细胞Raw 264.7为模型,通过测定醌还原酶活性和一氧化氮抑制率,筛选具有抗癌和抗炎的活性组分。结果:甜叶菊、蒲公英、野菊花的乙醇/乙酸乙酯提取物经分离纯化后得到最强活性组分,其诱导醌还原酶倍增的浓度分别为0.26-1.59μg/mL、0.45-3.73μg/mL和0.60-0.92μg/mL;甜叶菊、蒲公英组分一氧化氮抑制率达到50%的浓度分别为14.02-19.04μg/mL、48.90-86.05μg/mL。这一研究结果为深入开展菊科植物抗癌抗炎功能成分的分离鉴定及其作用机理打下了前期研究基础。     

柘树果实的抗乳腺癌活性部分的提取、分离及结构鉴定

为了得到柘树果实中具有抗乳腺癌活性的化合物,以人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为细胞模型,通过噻唑蓝（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）比色法评价柘树果实石油醚浸膏、乙酸乙酯浸膏、以及正丁醇浸膏粗提取物部位的功能,实验发现乙酸乙酯部位具有明显的抑制乳腺癌细胞的活性,其对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和MCF-7的IC50分别为：75.4 μg/mL和66.8 μg/mL。采用Sephadex LH-20柱层析和硅胶柱层析对乙酸乙酯部位进行分离,采用单晶X衍射对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定,得到2 种晶体主成分,分别为4’-O-甲基-吡喃异黄酮、吡喃异黄酮。采用MTT方法对获得的2 种单体进行抗乳腺癌活性研究,发现吡喃异黄酮对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的生长抑制率达到56.7%。结果表明,柘树果实乙酸乙酯部位含有抗乳腺癌成分,且分离得到2 种类异黄酮化合物,其中吡喃异黄酮体现出一定的抗乳腺癌活性。     

霍山石斛与铁皮石斛的体外生物活性比较

目的:比较霍山石斛与铁皮石斛(乐清、云南)3种石斛提取物对体外免疫、抗氧化、细胞氧化损伤、抗肿瘤和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响。方法:将3种石斛水提物配置成不同浓度溶液,分别与对照品一起进行体外测定刺激巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO的活性,清除ABTS自由基、FRAP法抗氧化能力和阻止H_2O_2诱导PC12细胞衰老能力,抑制肝癌细胞HepG2活性和胰岛素抵抗HepG2模型细胞内α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性研究。结果:霍山石斛提取物具有最优的体外刺激RAW264.7细胞释放NO的活性,更好的ABTS自由基清除能力和FRAP能力。200μg·mL~(-1)霍山石斛提取物对H_2O_2诱导的PC12细胞具有保护作用,修复率为40.52%。此外3种石斛提取物均具有一定的抑制HepG2肿瘤细胞增值的活性。与胰岛素抵抗模型组相比,在低浓度(100μg·mL~(-1))时,3个样品均对细胞内α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性无抑制作用,在中高浓度时霍山石斛提取物(200和400μg·mL~(-1))具有一定的抑制活性,表现出较好的降血糖作用。结论:霍山石斛相较于铁皮石斛在增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、延缓衰老及降血糖等体外生物活性方面具有更好的作用。     

铁皮石斛多糖提取及对羟自由基诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的抑制作用

以酶解超声提取法提取铁皮石斛多糖,通过对料液比、超声时间、复合酶质量分数的单因素试验和正交试验,确定铁皮石斛多糖的最佳提取条件;以高效液相色谱法对铁皮石斛多糖进行组成成分分析;以香豆素-3-羧酸荧光法测定铁皮石斛多糖的羟自由基清除能力;以噻唑蓝实验和细胞流式实验研究铁皮石斛多糖提取物对SH-SY5Y细胞的保护作用。结果表明,最优铁皮石斛多糖提取条件为料液比1∶100(g/mL)、超声时间2 h、复合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶1∶1等质量混合)质量分数50%,最优提取条件下铁皮石斛多糖得率为25.69%,其主要单糖组分为甘露糖和葡萄糖。在质量浓度为20～80μg/mL范围内铁皮石斛多糖提取物能有效清除Cu~(2+)催化H_2O_2产生的羟自由基并有效抑制SH-SY5Y细胞的凋亡(凋亡率从56.97%下降到17.97%),且其作用效果成质量浓度依赖性。因此,铁皮石斛多糖可通过清除羟自由基从而抑制Cu~(2+)催化H_2O_2产生羟自由基诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡。     

铁皮石斛泡腾片的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

以铁皮石斛为原料,蓝莓提取物为辅料,对铁皮石斛泡腾片的制备工艺及其抗氧化活性进行研究。铁皮石斛泡腾片采用湿法制粒,以外观状态、崩解时限、pH值及溶解后口感为指标,通过单因素及正交实验确定铁皮石斛泡腾片的配方,选出最优组合:铁皮石斛提取物速溶粉10%(质量分数,下同),蓝莓提取物5%,崩解剂51%(柠檬酸33%,小苏打18%),PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)K30 2.5%,甜菊糖2%,麦芽糊精29.5%。该工艺下所得铁皮石斛泡腾片呈弱酸性,可在3 min内崩解,发泡量为14.5 mL(一片溶于20℃±5℃的100 mL水中),溶解后溶液呈淡粉紫色,pH值为4.6。铁皮石斛泡腾片中铁皮石斛多糖含量为0.3843 g/片,总抗氧化能力及抑制羟自由基能力、DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)半数清除率(IC_(50))分别为206.4、139.7U/mL及10mg/mL,同等条件下测定的Trolox(水溶性维生素)标准品的总抗氧化能力及抑制羟自由基能力、DPPH半数清除率(IC_(50))分别为507.3、391.23 U/mL及25.01μg/mL。     

金钗石斛多糖提取纯化工艺研究进展

金钗石斛是我国传统名贵中药,主要药用成分为石斛碱和多糖。现代医学研究证明,金钗石斛具有抗肿瘤、抗诱变、增强免疫力、抗菌等功效。综述近年来金钗石斛多糖的提取分离工艺和纯化方法,以期为进一步研究金钗石斛多糖提取工艺及其开发利用提供理论依据。     

铁皮石斛多糖分离纯化及其药理活性研究进展

铁皮石斛是我国名贵的药食同源资源,具有较高的保健价值。铁皮石斛多糖是铁皮石斛中重要的活性成分之一。本文对铁皮石斛多糖的提取、分离纯化、分子量、单糖组成进行总结归纳,并对铁皮石斛多糖的降血糖及改善糖尿病并发症、保护胃黏膜损伤、抗肿瘤、调节微生态的最新研究进展进行综述。针对目前铁皮石斛多糖含量影响因素较多、分离纯化重复性差、结构分析不够清晰、构效关系的研究不够深入等现状,提出未来研究的展望,以期为铁皮石斛的开发利用提供有益参考。     

白叶单枞黑茶降血糖活性成分的高速逆流色谱分离

采用白叶单枞黑茶的60％乙醇提取物,在α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的导向下,经D101大孔吸附树脂柱层析获得活性流分,进一步采用高速逆流色谱法(HSCCC)进行分离纯化研究.结果显示,黑茶60％乙醇提取物具有较显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,经D101柱层析所得的流分D-6、D-7及D-8在25 μg/mL浓度下具有较黑茶60％乙醇提取物强的酶抑制活性,酶活性抑制率分别为69.31％、77.53％及75.23％.对活性流分D-7采用溶剂系统:乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-甲醇-水-乙酸(4∶1∶1∶4∶0.1,v/v)进行了HSCCC分离,得到化合物1、2,纯度均大于95％,经结构鉴定确定二者分别为牡荆苷、异牡荆苷.     

古尼虫草抗肿瘤活性成分的提取分离及活性测定

虫草是一类珍贵的生物资源,本实验对古尼虫草菌丝体甲醇提取物的抗肿瘤活性成分进行了研究。通过甲醇浸提、正己烷、乙酸乙酯萃取得到古尼虫草甲醇粗提物0.6194g,其得率为2.06%。将得到的甲醇粗提物用乙醚:正己烷:甲醇=5:5:1的溶液为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析分离纯化,获得3个组分(FB1、FB2、FB3)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振H谱对分离组分FB3进行了初步检测,结果显示为甾体类化合物。采用MTT比色法检测分离组分FB3的抗肿瘤活性,发现其对MCF-7和HL-7702细胞株有抑制作用,最强抑制率达84.54%。     

铁皮石斛配制酒制备工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性研究

利用超声波细胞破碎技术和响应面法研究铁皮石斛配制酒（DBL）的最佳制备工艺,并对DBL及其提取物（DBLE）的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,DBL的最佳制备工艺条件为超声时间2 h,超声功率504 W,石斛粉添加量10 g/100 mL,酒精度51%vol。在此优化条件下,DBL中的石斛多糖、石斛多酚、石斛总黄酮和石斛碱含量分别为20.71 mg/mL、391.8 μg/mL、205.9 μg/mL和11.5 μg/mL,功效成分加权得分为80.6分,感官得分为81.4分。体外抗氧化试验结果显示,DBL和DBLE对DPPH、ABTS自由基的半抑制浓度（IC50）值分别为944 μg/mL和1 239 μg/mL、240 μg/mL和642 μg/mL;DBL对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率及铁氰化钾还原能力（A700 nm值）分别为84.15%、94.05%和1.37。结果表明石斛酒具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the