不同贮藏温度下枸杞馅料非酶促褐变主要途径探究

为探究枸杞馅料贮藏过程中褐变主要途径，将枸杞馅料置于4、25、37℃条件下贮藏60 d,分析枸杞馅料贮藏期内褐变度、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-HMF)、类胡萝卜素、总酚、还原糖和氨基态氮等指标变化，并进行相关性和主成分分析。结果表明，随着贮藏时间延长，枸杞馅料褐变度、5-HMF含量均上升，而类胡萝卜素、总酚、还原糖和氨基态氮含量下降。相关性分析结果表明，37℃条件下，其褐变度与上述指标均显著相关(P<0.05),说明其贮藏过程中褐变来自于类胡萝卜素降解、多酚氧化和美拉德反应等多种途径的共同作用。主成分研究结果表明，不同贮藏温度和时间对枸杞馅料褐变度影响较大，其褐变度变化与各组分含量变化具有不同步性，25、37℃条件下，其褐变主要由总酚等活性物质氧化及美拉德反应共同导致，而37℃条件下，其美拉德反应的影响更为显著。该研究可为枸杞馅料的贮藏提供理论与技术支撑。     

红枣浑浊汁贮藏过程中浑浊稳定性的研究

为研究红枣浑浊汁在贮藏中的浑浊稳定性,进行了4、25、37℃贮藏枣汁67d的实验.测定了红枣浊汁贮藏过程中浊度、可溶性蛋白、总酚、可溶性固形物、澄清度、褐变指数等指标的变化情况.结果表明:温度对红枣浊汁的浊度影响较大,在贮藏前10d内,25℃贮藏条件下枣汁的浊度最大,贮藏10d后,37℃贮藏条件下的枣汁浊度最大,4℃贮藏条件下的枣汁浊度最小;可溶性蛋白含量随贮藏时间的延长和贮藏温度的升高而降低,贮藏温度对可溶性蛋白含量的影响较为明显;总酚含量随贮藏时间的延长而下降;红枣浑浊汁中可溶性固形物含量在贮藏前20d略有波动,贮藏后期趋于稳定;贮藏温度越高红枣浑浊汁透光率越低,并且在贮藏前10d,红枣浑浊汁的透光率明显增大;贮藏50d以后,透光率呈下降趋势;褐变指数随贮藏时间延长和贮藏温度的升高呈上升趋势;温度对枣汁贮藏过程中稳定性影响较大,贮存温度越高,枣汁的浑浊稳定性越差实验发现4℃贮藏有利于其原有品质的保持,有利于保持枣汁的浑浊稳定性.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析荔枝汁贮藏过程中香气成分的变化

以荔枝果汁为研究对象,研究其在贮藏过程中香气成分的变化,旨在为荔枝汁生产和品质控制提供理论依据。采用SPME/GC-MS法分别对4℃和25℃贮藏的荔枝汁于贮藏4、5、6、7、8周后进行香气成分检测。结果表明：荔枝汁中香气成分总量在4℃和25℃贮藏4周后分别比贮藏前增长39.10%及31.99%。贮藏5周后呈显著下降趋势(P＜0.05),贮藏8周后香气保留率分别为96.17%及74.49%。其中醇类、酸类香气成分均在贮藏4周时含量最高,此后随着贮藏时间延长含量呈缓慢下降趋势;酯类物质在冷藏6周后达到最高,之后出现显著降低趋势(P＜0.05);烯类香气成分随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐减少,呈现显著下降趋势(P＜0.05);醛类香气成分含量在贮藏4周时变化不大,在4℃和25℃贮藏8周后保留率分别为59.86%和55.3%。荔枝汁中几种典型的香气成分如香叶醇、香茅醇、苯乙醇,β-月桂烯,D-柠檬烯,香叶醛的含量也是在贮藏4周达最大,此后逐渐降低。通过对4℃冷藏和25℃常温贮藏的荔枝汁主要香气类型及典型香气成分的比较分析表明,4℃冷藏后香气总量和绝大多数典型香气成分的含量显著高于同期常温贮藏(P＜0.05)。     

贮藏温度对蓝莓汁单个花色苷降解的影响

为了探讨贮藏温度对蓝莓汁花色苷降解的影响,本文研究了蓝莓汁在4、25、37℃贮藏120期间色泽的变化以及贮藏期间总花色苷和单个花色苷的变化规律,并在此基础上研究了花色苷的降解动力学。结果表明,在4℃下蓝莓汁颜色保存较好,25、37℃变化较大,而贮藏期间总花色苷和单个花色苷呈下降趋势。与零级动力学模型相比,总花色苷和单个花色苷在25、37℃下的降解更符合一级动力学模型,4℃总花色苷的降解与零级和一级动力学模型拟合系数小,单个花色苷中有4种符合一级动力学模型,且温度越高,花色苷的一级降解动力学常数越大,降解速度越快,半衰期越短。含有半乳糖苷的花色苷,其半衰期较阿拉伯糖苷的花色苷略长。总之,蓝莓汁色泽的改变与花色苷的降解密切相关,在较低温度下贮藏,可以明显减少花色苷的损失。     

贮藏温度对柿子醋褐变和返浊的影响

柿子醋在贮藏期间极易出现褐变和浑浊沉淀现象,严重影响其食用品质和商品价值。采用分光光度法研究4,12℃和25℃(常温对照)贮藏温度对柿子醋贮藏期间褐变和返浊相关参数的影响,结果表明:和25℃贮藏条件相比,4℃和12℃均能明显抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,减少总色差值ΔE增加,从而降低褐变度;同时,4℃贮藏温度明显降低柿子醋透光率下降,贮藏30天后,透光率可达78.6%。柿子醋在贮藏期间pH值变化较小,其在25,12,4℃贮藏条件下分别增加了1.5%,1.1%和0.8%。     

不同贮藏条件下干辣椒颜色劣变的主要途径

“四平头”辣椒作为新疆特色地理标志性农产品,在其长期贮藏过程中的颜色变化研究鲜见。为探究不同贮藏条件下干辣椒颜色劣变主要途径及反应类型,将干辣椒置于25 ℃避光、37 ℃避光、37 ℃光照、45 ℃避光4 种条件下贮藏70 d,分析褐变度、5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF）、类胡萝卜素、总酚、抗坏血酸、还原糖含量等指标变化,并进行相关性及通径分析。结果表明,各贮藏条件下褐变度与其他指标呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）,褐变是类胡萝卜素降解、美拉德反应、抗坏血酸自降解及多酚自氧化反应共同作用导致,通径分析结果表明,25 ℃避光条件下,抗坏血酸含量对褐变度有最大直接作用,氨基酸含量和抗坏血酸含量的交互作用是褐变度的首要决定因素;37 ℃避光、37 ℃光照、45 ℃避光贮藏条件下,5-HMF 含量均对褐变度有最大直接作用,3 种贮藏条件的褐变度首要决定因素分别为5-HMF 含量、氨基酸含量和5-HMF 含量的交互作用及5-HMF 含量。     

不同酚酸对三华李清汁贮藏期间色泽稳定性的比较分析

为增强三华李清汁中花色苷的稳定性,本实验选取阔马酸,阿魏酸,绿原酸,咖啡酸,香草酸5种不同酚酸作为辅色剂,对三华李清汁进行辅色研究,分别在4℃、25℃、37℃条件下进行21 d货架期贮藏,每3 d取样测定三华李清汁的色泽、花色苷含量、抗氧化活性、透光率、可溶性固形物、p H等理化指标。研究结果表明:随着贮藏时间和贮藏温度的增加,三华李清汁透光率整体呈下降趋势,花色苷降解速率加快,加入酚酸辅色可使三华李清汁维持较好的色泽,提高果汁的品质。不同酚酸辅色效果有所差异。其中阔马酸辅色组的颜色变化较大,在37℃贮藏第21 d透光率为7.74%,花色苷保留率仅为15.32%,辅色效果不显著;相比较之下,添加阿魏酸和绿原酸辅色的三华李清汁总色差值TCD变化较小,贮藏期间中色泽更加稳定。在37℃贮藏第12 d,其花色苷保留率分别提高了9.91%和10.36%,且对果汁的其余理化色指标影响均较小,辅色作用较为显著,故可考虑将阿魏酸和绿原酸作为辅色剂应用于三华李清汁。     

NFC苹果浊汁褐变与品质相关性研究

褐变是果汁品质劣变的重要因素之一.通过模拟NFC苹果浊汁开封后在未完全密闭状态下,于4℃和20℃短期贮藏期间的自然褐变过程,探讨苹果浊汁褐变过程与营养及风味变化的关系.结果表明,NFC苹果浊汁贮藏过程中褐变程度受贮藏温度和时间的直接影响.在两种贮藏温度下,果汁颜色均随贮藏时间延长不断加深,总酚和维生素C含量逐渐下降;可溶性固形物含量降低和可滴定酸含量增高导致糖酸比下降.20℃贮藏期间,果汁品质劣变迅速;4℃贮藏初期,果汁品质变化不明显,但在后期劣变速度明显加快.NFC苹果浊汁在贮藏前期芳香族化合物、氮氧化合物等挥发性风味物质有所减少,而在贮藏后期碳氢化合物、无机硫化物、烷烃类和脂肪族类物质逐渐增加.褐变与NFC苹果浊汁品质指标的相关性分析表明:冷藏条件下褐变程度与浊汁口味和挥发性风味的相关性更强,而常温贮藏下与浊汁营养物质含量的相关性更强.研究结果可丰富果汁贮藏机理,以期为苹果浊汁加工及开封后短期贮藏过程中品质变化研究及调控提供理论借鉴.     

成熟度和干燥方法对红枣汁香气成分的影响

目的:研究不同红枣原料对加工红枣汁香气成分的影响。方法:采用固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用技术,对脆熟期、完熟期、自然阴干和人工热风干制红枣4种原料加工的红枣汁中的香气成分进行分离鉴定。结果:分别从4种红枣汁中分离鉴定出挥发性化合物34、37、42种和44种,均含有醛类、酮类、羧酸类、酯类、醇类、烷烃类及少量其他化合物,其香气成分的种类和相对质量分数存在较大差异。干枣特别是人工热风干制红枣加工的红枣汁中香气成分种类多、相对质量分数高,具有典型的红枣香味。结论:人工热风干制红枣更适合作为加工红枣汁的原料。     

黑提葡萄不同部位的香气分析

为了深入了解葡萄的芳香物质特点,采用热脱附对黑提葡萄皮、黑提葡萄肉及黑提葡萄汁的香气成分进行提取,并用GC-MS进行分析鉴定,共检出37种香气成分,其中黑提葡萄皮有25种,黑提葡萄肉有20种,黑提葡萄汁有18种,主要以酯类化合物、醇类化合物、醛类化合物、烯类化合物为主,辅于少量的酸类化合物、酮类化合物。黑提葡萄皮以酯类、醇类为主,占总质量分数的88.23%,黑提葡萄肉以酯类为主,占总质量分数的96.01%,黑提葡萄汁以酯类和醛类为主,占总质量分数的97.63%,物质不同的成分组成及含量体现出不同部位各自香气的差异。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.