共表达伴侣蛋白对毕赤酵母产β-甘露聚糖酶发酵过程的影响

通过分别共表达伴侣蛋白PDI和Bip获得β-甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达。根据Gen Bank公布的毕赤酵母PDI和Bip序列设计引物,以酵母基因组为模板PCR扩增目的基因片段,插入表达载体p PICZαA,分别整合到β-甘露聚糖酶工程菌中,筛选共表达二硫键异构酶的重组酵母(PM115)和共表达免疫球重链结合蛋白的重组酵母(BM115),在30 L发酵罐水平上分析两种共表达伴侣蛋白菌株与初始菌株(GM115)对β-甘露聚糖酶表达的差异。相同工艺下,PM115与原始菌株相比未有提高,而BM115发酵产酶能力高于原始菌株,最高酶活达到40 900 U/m L,最高总蛋白表达量13.22 g/L,最高比酶活达到3 150 U/mg,分别比初始菌株提高38%,22%和18%。毕赤酵母基因工程菌GM115通过共表达伴侣蛋白Bip,提高了β-甘露聚糖酶的产量和比活力,达到工业化生产水平。     

用GAP启动子在毕赤酵母中组成型表达重组 猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂

目的构建组成型表达重组猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂(kiwi pectin methylesterase inhibitor, kwPMEI)的毕赤酵母(P．pastoris)GS115工程菌株,探索碳源(葡萄糖、甘油、甲醇)对重组菌表达kwPMEI的影响,纯化kwPMEI并鉴定其对番茄果胶酶的抑制活性。方法应用PCR方法从P．pastoris GS115染色体中扩增了三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶启动子(pGAP),以其取代诱导型表达载体pPIC9K-kwPMEI上的醇氧化酶启动子(pAOX1),构建了组成型表达载体pGAP9K-kwPMEI,并转化至GS115中。用Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析目的蛋白表达情况,镍柱亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,并用凝胶扩散方法鉴定其抑制活性。结果重组毕赤酵母工程菌株成功组成型表达了kwPMEI,48h即达到最大表达水平,表达量约为66 mg/L。并且以甘油为碳源时kwPMEI表达量最高。成功分离纯化了kwPMEI,并经凝胶扩散方法检测表明其具有抑制活性。结论成功构建了组成型分泌表达kwPMEI的毕赤酵母菌株,为kwPMEI在果蔬汁中的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

用GAP启动子在毕赤酵母中组成型表达重组猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂

目的构建组成型表达重组猕猴桃果胶甲酯酶抑制剂(kiwi pectin methylesterase inhibitor,kwPMEI)的毕赤酵母(P.pastoris)GS115工程菌株,探索碳源(葡萄糖、甘油、甲醇)对重组菌表达kwPMEI的影响,纯化kwPMEI并鉴定其对番茄果胶酶的抑制活性。方法应用PCR方法从P.pastoris GS115染色体中扩增了三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶启动子(pGAP),以其取代诱导型表达载体pPIC9K-kwPMEI上的醇氧化酶启动子(pAOX1),构建了组成型表达载体pGAP9K-kwPMEI,并转化至GS115中。用Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析目的蛋白表达情况,镍柱亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,并用凝胶扩散方法鉴定其抑制活性。结果重组毕赤酵母工程菌株成功组成型表达了kwPMEI,48 h即达到最大表达水平,表达量约为66 mg/L。并且以甘油为碳源时kwPMEI表达量最高。成功分离纯化了kwPMEI,并经凝胶扩散方法检测表明其具有抑制活性。结论成功构建了组成型分泌表达kwPMEI的毕赤酵母菌株,为kwPMEI在果蔬汁中的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

组合策略促进碱性果胶酶在毕赤酵母中高效表达

本研究组合了基因密码子优化及分子伴侣共表达策略提高碱性果胶酶(PGL)在毕赤酵母中的胞外产量。基于Pichia pastoris密码子偏好性,优化了来源于Bacillus sp.WSHB04-02 PGL高热稳定性突变体K314M基因,并克隆至pPIC9K的Eco R I-Not I得到PGL表达载体p PIC9K-PGL。p PIC9K-PGL转化Pichia pastoris GS115(his-)得到重组菌GS115/PGL 14#,胞外PGL酶活达到301.32 U/mL,较优化前提高25.1%。在此基础上,分别及同时共表达分子伴侣内质网蛋白折叠氧化还原辅助因子(ERO1)和泛素共轭酶(UBC1)。结果显示,同时表达ERO1和UBC1(GS115/PGLl-ERO1-UBC1 2#)使重组菌胞外PGL较共表达前提高49.3%,达到450.12 U/mL。应用指数流加策略对重组菌株GS115/PGLl-ERO1-UBC1 2#进行3 L罐发酵,诱导发酵96h胞外PGL可达1 362.31 U/mL。研究结果对促进PGL产量的提升及其应用具有重要现实意义。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B的克隆、表达及发酵条件优化

从原始菌株Candida antarctica ZJB09193出发,将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因克隆至酵母表达载体pPICZαA,重组质粒线性化后导入表达宿主菌X-33,在甲醇诱导下,实现了CALB活性表达.从通气量、搅拌转速、初始pH、接种量和诱导剂量等方面对重组毕赤酵母的上罐发酵条件进行研究,最终确定通气量10 L/min,搅拌速度为800 r/min,初始pH 5.5,接种量10％,诱导剂量3500 mL可以达到较好的产酶量.确定DO为发酵控制的一个重要指标,在正确的溶氧校正下确保DO大于20％.     

毕赤酵母工程菌表达猪β-干扰素

根据毕赤酵母密码子偏爱,人工合成了猪β-干扰素(PoIFN-β)基因,构建了重组载体pPICZA-PoIFN-β。重组载体经Sac I线性化后,电击转入毕赤酵母GS115,对在含博莱霉素(Zeocin)平板上生长的转化子进行鉴定,得到分泌表达猪β-干扰素的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株GS115/pPICZA-PoIFN-β。以1%甲醇诱导GS115/pPICZA-PoIFN-β表达。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明,工程菌株实现了猪β-干扰素的高效分泌表达,表达产物为相对分子质量22ku和26ku的混合物,表达蛋白量约为80mg/L。     

β-甘露聚糖酶基因和木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的共表达

为实现β-甘露聚糖酶基因和木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的共表达,作者将经SalⅠ线性化的pPIC9K-xynⅡ电转化至工程菌GS115/Anman5A中,经G418浓度梯度筛选后获得能同时高产β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的双重重组子GS115/Anman5A-xynⅡ。SDS-PAGE显示目的蛋白的相对分子质量分别约为52 000,24 100。摇瓶发酵筛选出产酶活性最强的转化株,命名为GSMX2,随后对该菌株的表达条件进行初步优化,优化后的表达条件为:诱导时间120 h,培养基起始pH值为7.0,甘油添加量为1.5%,甲醇添加量为1.5%。在此培养条件下,产β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的活性分别达到37.1 U/mL和193.6 U/mL。     

共表达HAC1基因对重组毕赤酵母分泌表达葡萄糖氧化酶的影响

通过增强不可折叠蛋白质响应(UPR)信号途径以及研究不同培养温度下的影响,来提高重组葡萄糖氧化酶在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达。影响毕赤酵母外源蛋白表达的因素,主要为内质网中的折叠速率以及不可折叠蛋白积累造成的胞内胁迫压力。通过共表达HAC1基因对不可折叠蛋白信号通路进行调控,摇瓶中改造菌株PP-G-HAC1胞外酶活达到161 U/m L,相比于原始重组葡萄糖氧化酶菌株提高了34%。进一步研究不同温度下过量表达HAC1基因对菌株的生长和分泌外源蛋白的影响,菌株PP-G-HAC1在3 L发酵罐中28℃培养,酶活达到1 008 U/m L,胞外重组蛋白质达到14.43 g/L,相比原始菌株在相同条件下提高了3.12倍。     

过氧化物酶A4-Prx在毕赤酵母中的优化表达

以来源于不动杆菌Acinetobacter sp.SM04的过氧化物酶A4-Prx的毕赤酵母工程表达菌株GS115/pPIC9K-A4-Prx为研究对象,优化其表达培养条件以提高该菌株对于目的蛋白A4-Prx的表达量。本论文首先研究了培养基成分与诱导条件对表达量的影响,结果表明培养基的pH、甘氨酸浓度和诱导温度对外源蛋白的产量均有显著影响。采用Box-Behnken设计,利用Design Expert软件进行二次回归分析得到了目的蛋白的最优表达条件为:诱导培养基pH 7.0、甘氨酸浓度为0.11%及诱导温度30℃。在此优化条件下重组蛋白的理论表达量达129.87 mg/L,约为未优化下的2倍,实验验证实际表达量达128.94 mg/L,且重组表达的过氧化物酶A4-Prx对酒糟蛋白饲料(DDGS)和食品中的玉米赤霉烯酮毒素(Zearalenone,ZEA)具有高效降解能力。本研究为过氧化物酶的工业化高密度发酵奠定了基础,推动生物降解ZEA研究的进展。     

cp4-epsps基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及鉴定

为建立一种新的外源蛋白安全评估方法,构建转外源基因酵母是关键步骤。本研究以来源于转基因作物的抗除草剂合成酶蛋白CP4-EPSPS为研究模板,首先通过基因优化和化学合成获得cp4-epsps基因,优化后基因密码子适用性指数(CAI)为0.85,GC含量为52%。目的基因克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体p PICZb,经鉴定筛选正确的重组载体p PICZb-EPSPS电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115,cp4-epsps基因通过同源重组方式整合至酵母基因组,PCR扩增酵母基因组筛选得到在正确位点发生同源重组的4株阳性菌株。随后,各阳性菌株分别于28℃、250~300 r/min培养,0.5%甲醇诱导4 d后,提取各组菌株总蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE和western blotting鉴定CP4-EPSPS表达的正确性。CP4-EPSPS单克隆抗体及载体标签C-MYC单克隆抗体的western blotting结果一致显示cp4-epsps基因在毕赤酵母GS115中成功获得表达,大小约50 ku。本实验成功构建了转cp4-epsps基因的毕赤酵母基因工程菌,为下一步开展转基因作物CP4-EPSPS成份的安全评价奠定基础。     

Intracellular co-expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin enhances cell performance and β-galactosidase production in Pichia pastoris

Pichia pastoris has been used to produce various recombinant proteins under high oxygen demand conditions. To improve the heterologous production of β-galactosidase, the vgb gene encoding Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) was co-expressed in the P. pastoris cytoplasm under the control of the methanol-inducible promoter. Co-expression of VHb under different aeration conditions improved cell performance in terms of growth, viability, respiratory rate, and β-galactosidase production. Under limiting aeration conditions, the VHb(+) strain produced 28.2% more biomass but 31.2% less total β-galactosidase activity than the VHb(-) strain. Under non-limiting aeration conditions, the VHb(+) strain showed 20.3% higher cell growth and 9.9% more total β-galactosidase activity than the VHb(-) strain. Moreover, under these conditions, the VHb(+) strain was 7.7% more viable and had a 28.2% higher oxygen uptake rate (OUR) than the VHb(-) strain. Evidently, VHb can enhance the OUR and promote methanol metabolism, thereby improving cell performance and β-galactosidase production.     

重组融合人血清白蛋白-人白介素-2 C125A突变体在毕赤酵母中的表达

构建编码人血清白蛋白-人白介素-2 C125A的重组表达质粒,在Pichia pastoris GS115中表达,获得具有较高IL-2活性的融合蛋白.设计并合成符合P. pastoris密码子偏好,且含有C125A突变的IL-2编码基因IL-2m,通过酶切连接方法将其与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的编码基因连接为融合蛋白HSA-IL2m的编码基因.克隆到表达质粒pPIC9K中,电击转化P. pastoris GS115感受态细胞,获得重组P. pastoris GS115/pPHIm基因工程菌.摇瓶发酵获得分泌表达产物.结果: Western blot鉴定结果显示该融合蛋白与IL-2、HSA的抗体都能发生免疫反应.经脱盐、冻干制备的粗蛋白的IL-2生物学活性为1.51×106 IU/mg.结论:在P. pastoris GS115中成功表达了具有人白介素-2生物学活性的HSA-IL2m融合蛋白.     

Biocontrol of fungal decay of citrus fruit by Pichia pastoris recombinant strains expressing cecropin A

Cecropin A gene was cloned into the expression vector pPIC9k and was successfully expressed in methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris GS115. The yeast had effective antimicrobial activity on Geotrichum citri-aurantii spores by the thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. There was no large growth difference between nontransformed strain GS115 and recombinant strain GS115/CEC in citrus fruits wounds. Yeast transformants could significantly inhibit growth of germinated G. citri-aurantii spores and inhibited decay development caused by G. citri-aurantii in citrus fruits compared to the yeast strain GS115/pPIC. This study demonstrates the potential of expression of an antifungal peptide in yeast for enhancing suppression of postharvest diseases and represents a new approach for the biological control of postharvest diseases.     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌素subtilosin A基因的合成及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

人工改造并合成subtilosin A的结构基因（rsbo A）,并在毕赤酵母中诱导表达重组蛋白。结果表明:经阳性大肠杆菌转化子菌落PCR和测序鉴定,表明重组质粒p PIC9K-sbo构建正确;经阳性酵母转化子的菌落PCR产物电泳检测,可见清晰目的基因条带,证明重组酵母GS115-p PIC9K-sbo构建正确;经枯草芽孢杆菌素蛋白电泳检测,可见明显蛋白条带,表明重组rsbo A基因在毕赤酵母GS115中获得了分泌表达。在抑菌效果检测中,重组酵母工程菌的发酵液对铜绿假单胞菌具有一定的抑菌活性。本研究开创了有望替代抗生素的小分子肽细菌素异源表达新思路,为枯草芽孢杆菌素subtilosin A的工业化生产奠定了基础。      

甜蛋白Monellin在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

本研究采用毕赤酵母偏爱密码子,人工合成了高甜度Monellin基因,并构建了重组分泌型酵母表达载体pPIC9M,通过电击转化获得了可高效分泌表达有甜味活性高甜度Monellin的重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC9M.通过PCR检测证实Monellin基因已经整合进酵母基因组,SDS-PAGE和Western blot免疫杂交知所表达的蛋白是目的蛋白,最后通过双盲测定证实表达的蛋白存在正常活性.     

Overexpression of the Bivalent Antibacterial Peptide Genes in Pichia pastoris Delays Sour Rot in Citrus Fruit and Induces Geotrichum citri-aurantii Cell Apoptosis

Genetic manipulation of antagonists shows tremendous potential for improving biocontrol activity of antagonists. Here, bivalent antibacterial peptide Cecropin A/PsdI gene was transformed and expressed in methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris GS115. The bivalent yeast GS115/CEC-PSD showed a great ability in delaying sour rot in citrus fruit and based on observations of restrained growth of geminated Geotrichum citri-aurantii spores relative to non-transformed strain. Although there was no remarkable discrepancy between growth rates of strain GS115 and GS115/CEC-PSD in vivo and vitro, plenty of vacuoles were observed in the cellular space of G. citri-aurantii treated with the CEC-PSD via transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, a gel-retardation assay exhibited that the DNA of G. citri-aurantii was degraded by CEC-PSD. Furthermore, our research revealed apoptosis genes in G. citri-aurantii were expressed at different levels with the CEC-PSD levels, among these genes, the expression level of RLM1 and RLM1was decreased remarkably, and the expression level of others changed relatively a little. These findings suggest that bivalent antimicrobial peptides can inhibit G. citri-aurantii by harming cell membrane, disrupting the cell metabolism, inducing programmed cell death and can therefore heighten the inhibition effect of the biocontrol yeast against postharvest diseases and this provides a new approach for the biological control of postharvest diseases.     

Decrease of hirudin degradation by deleting the KEX1 gene in recombinant Pichia pastoris

Our previous study on recombinant hirudin production in Pichia pastoris demonstrated that, although the total productivity of hirudin was fairly high, its degradation was still severe, even if many engineering methods were applied to improve cell viability and reduce the release of intracellular proteinases. In this work, a pop-in/pop-out method, replacing the auxotrophic marker ARG4 gene with the resistant marker sh ble gene, was used to delete the KEX1 gene to reduce hirudin degradation in P. pastoris GS115Hir. Using this strategy, hirudin degradation was greatly decreased. At the same wet cell weight and cell viability, the percentage of intact hirudin Hir65 in total hirudin in strain GS115HirDeltakex1 was always kept as high as 90% in the initial stage of the methanol fermentation phase and above 62% even in the later stage of the methanol fermentation phase, whereas the percentage for the undeleted strain GS115Hir was only about 40% in the whole methanol fermentation phase. As a result, the intact hirudin Hir65 concentration could maximally reach 2.4 g/l in GS115HirDeltakex1 while it was only 1.1 g/l in GS115Hir.     

有机磷农药降解酶基因Oph2的克隆及甲基对硫磷降解效果研究

摘要：目的 挖掘可高效表达农残降解酶的基因,并构建含有该表达基因的工程菌,以此提供一种高效去除有机磷农残的新方法。方法 利用基因克隆获得高效表达农残降解酶基因Oph2,采用基因工程手段将其转化至毕赤酵母表达系统,对毕赤酵母的发酵产物进行SDS-PAGE定性研究和酶活定量研究,最后通过与目标底物甲基对硫磷反应,分析工程菌表达降解酶对有机磷农残的去除效果。结果 本研究成功克隆得到了高效表达有机磷降解酶基因Oph2,基因全长1000bp,编码256个氨基酸,酶蛋白分子量为37KD,并利用表达载体pPIC9K成功将其转化至毕赤酵母GS115。构建的工程菌GS115-pPIC9K-Oph2表达有机磷降解酶活性为11.57 U/mL,对6.8 mg/L的甲基对硫磷降解效率为90%以上。结论 本研究得到的工程菌GS115-pPIC9K-Oph2可高效表达有机磷降解酶,该酶活性高,对有机磷农残降解能力强,可有效应用于有机磷农残的降解。     

荧光素酶表达载体构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母的表达

萤火虫荧光素酶(Firefly Luciferase,FL)是ATP快速检测技术的核心组件,通过荧光强度与ATP浓度的对应关系,在食品行业检测微生物数量发挥着重大作用。本文为实现荧光素酶在重组毕赤酵母GS115中的异源表达,通过从载体pGL2-control中扩增荧光素酶基因luc,克隆到真核表达载体p PIC9K中,线性化后电击转化毕赤酵母GS115菌株,筛选阳性重组菌株。在甲醇的诱导下进行酶的表达,对粗酶液进行生物活性发光分析,然后对粗酶进行超滤、阴离子层析和分子筛凝胶层析三步纯化。甲醇诱导表达96 h发现胞外和胞内粗酶液均有相对较高的酶发光活性,酶活分别为1.45×10~6 RLU/mL和1.58×10~9 RLU/mL。SDS-PAGE与Western blot分析重组荧光蛋白大小约为70 ku,最终纯化得到的荧光素酶,其比活为7.0×10~8 RLU/mg,纯化倍数达到19.3倍,产量为48 mg/L。以上结果表明,荧光素酶能够在毕赤酵母表达系统获得较好的表达和纯化效果。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因表达对腐霉合成二十碳五烯酸的作用

通过研究腐霉菌体内透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的表达及工程菌株的生长代谢特性,解决其发酵过程中溶解氧限制的问题,从而提高二十碳五烯酸的产量。构建了血红蛋白基因表达载体,通过农杆菌LBA4404介导的方法导入丝状真菌腐霉,成功构建血红蛋白基因腐霉工程菌,摇瓶发酵研究血红蛋白基因表达对腐霉工程菌生长代谢特性的影响。研究结果表明血红蛋白基因正常表达,在优化的培养条件下,摇瓶结果显示,腐霉V1的生物量、油脂量及油脂中二十碳五烯酸含量较出发菌株分别提高了4.80%,4.82%和11.69%,EPA产量为1 004.96 mg/L。