发芽小米淀粉热分解机制及动力学研究

发芽是改善谷物品质的绿色加工方法。为了探究发芽对小米淀粉热力学性质的影响,采用差示量热扫描法、热重分析法对发芽小米淀粉的热分解机制及其动力学行为进行了研究。结果表明,小米发芽后淀粉糊化温度升高,糊化焓、回生度、回生速率均减小;未处理及发芽处理小米淀粉热分解均是一个连续的过程,热分解温度范围为295~360℃,分解速率最快的温度范围为298.49~305.01℃;发茅小米淀粉活化能、指前因子、焓值、熵值(绝对值)及吉布斯自由能均较未处理小米淀粉减小;未处理及发茅小米淀粉热分解最概然机制函数均为G(α)=lnα,最概然机制为单分子消除反应,为一级反应。     

燕麦淀粉理化性质的研究

对燕麦淀粉的理化性质研究.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察燕麦淀粉的结构特性,粒径大小,差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究其糊化温度,AR1000型动态流变仪分析其凝胶速度、凝胶强度和耐热性,结果表明:燕麦淀粉的颗粒平均粒径1～5μm,分布不均匀,呈椭圆形和棱角形;燕麦淀粉中直链淀粉含量28.4%;30℃的膨润力1.35,溶解度为1.2%,70℃时膨润力和溶解度分别增加到4.43%和4.56%;燕麦淀粉糊化起始温度T053.60℃,顶点温度Tp62.00℃,终止温度Tc69.00℃,热焓ΔH6.115J/g.燕麦淀粉糊的凝胶速度为375 Pa/min,凝胶的强度为7500Pa,耐热性为1500Pa.     

葡萄糖基(α-1→6)-β-环糊精的热分解动力学研究

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了葡萄糖基(α-1→6)-β-环糊精的玻璃化温度和热分解动力学,按Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算反应的活化能,分别为41.14 kJ/mol和44 kJ/mol,并按Ozawa方法计算得指前因子为1.85×103min-1.从DSC曲线图上获得焓变(△H)为23.70kJ/mol,熵变(△S)为0.0394kJ/(mol·K),速度常数k为0.228min-1,半衰期为3.04min,玻璃化温度为173℃.     

用差示扫描量热法研究维生素C的热稳定性及热动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了VC的熔点、热分解点,研究了热分解动力学.结果表明:VC熔点为193.457℃.融化热焓为258.73 J/g;VC分解的起始温度为221.620℃,分解热焓为-58.768 J/g;计算得到其热分解动力学参数Ea=1710.067±239.309 kJ/mol,并据此推算出在等温条件下反映热稳定性的分解率、时间、温度之间的关系.     

γ-环糊精的玻璃化及热分解动力学的研究

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了γ-环糊精的玻璃化温度和热分解动力学,按Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算反应的活化能,分别为191. 3kJ/mol和190. 8kJ/mol,并按Ozawa方法计算得指前因子为3. 559×1017min-1。从DSC曲线图上获得焓变(△H)为21. 2kJ/mol,熵变(△S)为0. 0376kJ/(moL·K), 速度常数k为0. 722min-1,半衰期为57. 88秒,玻璃化温度为63℃。     

压热法制备燕麦抗性淀粉的工芝研究

通过单因素和正交实验,确定压热法制备燕麦抗性淀粉的最佳工艺参数为:淀粉乳浓度20%、pH6.0,经沸水预糊化后在121℃压热处理50min,冷却至室温,在4℃条件下保存24h,80℃烘干24h.按该工艺制备燕麦抗性淀粉,其得率可以达到17.26%.     

萌发对燕麦理化特性及消化性质的影响

本文研究不同萌发时间对燕麦淀粉理化特性和消化性质的影响。研究结果显示,随着发芽时间的延长燕麦淀粉含量不断降低,发芽4 d时含量最低（52.68%）;淀粉颗粒形貌随之改变,由形状规整、表面光滑逐渐变得不规则、粗糙、凹陷增多;淀粉颗粒晶型未发生改变,结晶度逐渐降低;起始、峰值和终止糊化温度以及糊化焓值均逐渐升高,表观黏度和剪切应力则整体呈下降趋势。体外模拟消化结果显示,发芽能显著改变淀粉的消化特性,发芽0 d的燕麦淀粉消化率为84.95%,随着萌发时间的延长逐渐升高,在发芽4 d时达到峰值（94.98%）。研究结果为丰富淀粉改性方法、利用发芽燕麦淀粉和推进淀粉基食品领域的研发提供了一定的理论支撑。     

韧化处理对甘薯淀粉糊化特性的影响

本文采用差示扫描量热分析、快速粘度分析等现代仪器分析方法研究了不同韧化时间、韧化温度和含水量等韧化处理方法对甘薯淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明,不同韧化温度处理后,甘薯淀粉的起始糊化温度、峰值糊化温度和终止糊化温度均呈升高趋势,其中起始糊化温度升高趋势明显,由甘薯淀粉的62.47℃升高到70.37℃,糊化温度范围变窄,糊化热焓值增加;其峰值黏度呈下降趋势,55℃时为1342 cp比甘薯淀粉下降了321 cp,破损值降低、回生值升高。不同韧化时间处理后,甘薯淀粉To升高,糊化温度范围变窄,由甘薯淀粉的21.35℃减少到60 h的15.09℃,回生值上升了29.89%。不同水分含量韧化处理后,85%时糊化热焓值提高了36.20%,峰值黏度比甘薯淀粉下降了378 cp。甘薯淀粉经韧化处理后糊化温度、热焓值升高,黏度下降,回生值增加。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精的热稳定性及分解动力学

用热重/差热分析研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精的热稳定性,其分解温度为367℃左右。通过动力学分析确定其活化能为EA=149.15kJ/mol,指前因子k0=2.19×1010min-1。对比β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精的热重/差热曲线发现,羟丙基-β-环糊精的热稳定性优于β-环糊精,热分解温度提高32℃左右。     

商陆色素热稳定性的动力学研究

研究了温度对商陆色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,商陆色素热降解遵从一级反应动力学规律,热降解速度随温度升高而加快,反应的活化能E为54.16kJ/mol,指前因子A为2421748;同时建立了50、60、70、80℃下的回归方程,求出了这四个温度下的半衰期和热降解速率常数。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.